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阴滋病说致试纸大卖 恐慌难除自测结果加重负担
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| 2011年04月12日 10:54:45 来源： 南方日报 |
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某HIV试纸销售网站截图
试纸购买者最大的担心是检测结果的可靠性。图为网站销售的HIV自测试纸和采血针。徐滔 摄
HIV自测—
恐艾人群的无效疗伤
4月6日，针对近期公众普遍关注的“阴性艾滋病”事件，卫生部正式表态，“阴性艾滋病”只是恐艾症状，没有什么未知病毒，所谓“阴滋病”与艾滋病无关。一场围绕“新型”艾滋病的讨论暂时尘埃落定，但由此引发的连锁反应却远未停息。
“15分钟判定结果”、“消除内心恐惧”……在网络上，曾沉寂一时的HIV自测试纸再次热销，成为一些民众排除对“阴滋病”和艾滋病恐惧的救命稻草。
然而，喧嚣背后，却是任何试纸无法改变的恐惧。一张小小的试纸，有可能让恐慌的购买者陷入新的恐惧循环。
网上叫卖“阴滋病”恐惧成噱头
“一张试纸就能让您在15分钟内脱离恐慌”，网站试纸广告目标直接锁定怀疑自己感染艾滋病病毒却不敢声张的人群
在百度上搜索“HIV试纸”，出现的网站数量众多，类型也纷繁不一，有的艾滋网站自称是“中国第一个专业的提供艾滋病预防与检测咨询服务的平台”，有的则自称“艾滋病官方检测门户网”。近期出现的对“阴滋病”的恐惧，更成为不少网站的宣传噱头，网站根据新情况“对症下药”：“阴滋病”就是“恐艾”，一张试纸就能让您在15分钟内脱离恐慌。
在某试纸销售网站互动区，一个名叫“琦”的网友称自己发生高危性行为后，喉咙开始发炎，有痰干咳，后来感觉开始发烧，他惊恐地问：“我现在是不是艾滋病感染的前兆，真的好害怕。我该怎么办，我还年轻啊……好后悔做那个事。”网站试纸广告告诉“恐艾者”：“千万不要让担心和恐惧一直留在心中。只需要简简单单的自我检测，就可以抛开那烦人的阴影”，目标直接锁定怀疑自己感染艾滋病病毒却不敢声张的人群。
一家网站销售人员告诉南方日报记者，他们曾进行过小范围的调查，以摸清目标客户的心理特点。据介绍，有购买需求的人本身极度恐惧艾滋病，且一般都有歧视艾滋病感染者的倾向；其次，潜在客户不太在乎具体价格，不会像买其他产品一样讨价还价。“在家就能做，测试结果快速——— 只需要15分钟，测试操作简单而且准确度达到99.7%”，“在家自测，15分钟知道结果，保密免费邮寄，坦然面对家人！”不少网站将检测时间快速、方便、隐私保护周密作为广告放在网站显眼的位置。
网络垄断一张试纸十倍暴利
一张试纸的进货价不到5元，网站有10多倍的暴利。因为在实体药店中无法购得，网络无形中成为这一市场的“垄断”销售商
记者调查发现，网站对试纸的定价并不低。以国产某品牌试纸为例，多数网站为“一口价”每张50元—60元，所谓进口试纸价格更高，是国产的两至三倍。当记者提出要“团购”国产试纸时，网站销售人员起初坚决拒绝降价，“买这个还讲价，真是第一次见”。不过，一番讨价还价后，销售人员最终同意以每盒400元出售，内含40张，即每张试纸10元，这比起最初的“一口价”已低了数倍。
据某网站的销售人员透露，一张试纸的进货价不到5元，按网站平常的出售价格计算，中间有10多倍的暴利。而这样的试纸在普通的实体药店中无法购得，网络无形中成为这一市场的“垄断”销售商。记者调查发现，各大网站对保护客户隐私的规定相当细致，目的是为了提供“最专业的人性化服务”。
通过曾购买试纸的顾客，记者得知，网站寄出的包裹从外包装到内包装均没有任何关于HIV试纸的标记，也没有任何和艾滋病检测网相关的字样，“和普通包裹的包装没有任何区别，外包装是纸盒，内包装是铝箔袋，密封、避光、防辐射、防潮，根本无法透光察看”。快递单上有的网站明确注明会写“配件”、“办公用品”或者是“礼品”。某网站负责人告诉南方日报记者，“我们邮寄的包裹享有免验权”，送货员也不会知道包裹的内容物。他反复强调：“您若选择送货上门，根本不必担心送货员会知道您购买了什么商品，请您一定放心。”网站还提供快递单号的查询服务，方便购买者了解商品的投递情况，或者在首页滚动显示“最近艾滋病试纸发货单号”及发货情况。
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恐慌难除自测结果加重负担
不少购买者一边小心翼翼地捧着自己的自测结果，一边内心仍惶惶不可终日，由于对结果的不确定，恐慌仍未完全消除
检测一次要花费数十元，如果使用网站推荐的“产品组合”一次检测则要花两三百元，多次检测、反复确认的花费更加昂贵。但购买方便、使用方便、隐私受到保护，网站的试纸生意很红火。网站销售人员说，毕竟去医院和疾控中心有诸多不便，买试纸的人还是很多。
在调查中记者却发现，原本应该帮购买者“脱离阴霾”的自测，实际却并未能减轻他们的心理负担。
以网站提供的试纸附带“自测缓冲液”为例，在有些购买者眼中，这也成为新烦恼的来源，“自测缓冲液是不是用HIV病毒制成，自测的时候伤口碰到缓冲液会不会感染艾滋病？”类似的担心几乎发生在所有曾自测过的人身上。
一名购买者告诉南方日报记者，做完测试后没有问题，但又会反过来担心“是不是假象”。“会一遍遍地回忆操作过程，生怕刚得到的好消息只是一场空”，他说，在这种想法促使下，他还会一而再、再而三地购买试纸，“花钱多不说，也让自己陷了进去”。
销售人员坦承，不少购买者一边小心翼翼地捧着自己的自测结果，一边内心仍惶惶不可终日，由于结果的不确定，恐慌仍未完全消除，因此对阴性结果的反复确认占了网站咨询者的多数。
更为恐怖的是，由于检测结果“假阳性”的存在，极少数自测结果有问题的患者，很可能并没有感染病毒，自测结果只是一个误判。据一些网站公开的数据，出现这种情况的概率为3%。
一名有过类似经历的自测者回忆，当时并不知道有“假阳性”的存在，因此第一次测完后觉得“天塌了下来”，后来硬着头皮去医院检测才拿到正常的结果。
专家提醒
自测任一偏差都会影响结果
“应该相信权威机构的认定结果，国家掌握的情况肯定比民间要可信。”对于所谓“阴滋病”及艾滋病所引起的恐慌，广州华侨医院皮肤性病科胡云峰医生认为，我国的艾滋病检测技术水平已经非常高，“但临床上经常遇到有人来我们这里检测，不相信我们的检测结果又跑到其他医院检测”，胡医生认为，这和自测一样，心理因素起到了很大的作用。
广州另外一家三甲医院检验科一位不愿透露姓名的医生明确表示，“有检测资质的医院，都有专门的试验室，检测是一个复杂的过程”。他透露，在某些特定情况例如献血或急救手术前，少数会使用类似网站销售的快速试纸，但这种检测试剂在运输和保存上，对温度和湿度等有非常严格的要求，任何一个环节出现一点偏差，就可能导致结果的不准确，“医院用的检测试剂，也只作为艾滋病筛查最初步骤，如果有问题还要进行一系列的检查才能确诊”。
该医生并不推荐自测。他表示，由于艾滋病病毒检测对环境要求很高，如果出现“假阳性”、“假阴性”，容易耽误治疗，或者给自己留下巨大的心理阴影，同时，自己检测在抽血时不注意反而会引起其他感染。
记者追问
网站是否有资质销售？
一家艾滋病试纸销售网站工作人员告诉记者，他们是从厂家直接拿货。记者又联系到生产厂家之一北京金豪制药有限公司，该公司黄姓销售经理介绍，公司生产的HIV试纸主要销往全国各地的医院、血站和CDC，各地都有代理商，但没有门店。
另外一家生产企业艾康生物技术有限公司广州地区销售主管孙先生说，他注意到很多网站出售HIV试纸，“估计一个网站一个月能卖100—200人份”，他认为售卖给一般消费者存在风险，因为一般人买回家也不会用，还容易出现误判。
尽管如此，接受采访的生产企业销售人员都表示，一般销售者或者个人可以通过厂家购买到试纸“随着个人购买自测的可能性增大，市场的隐性需求在增加”。
记者了解到，HIV试纸是“血源性筛查的体外诊断试剂”，但是作为药品管理。根据国家相关规定，要经营该类体外诊断试剂，必须同时具备“两证”：药品经营许可证和医疗器械经营许可证。根据相关规定，办理这两个证件的门槛并不低，执业药师、常温库、冷库等硬件是最基本的条件。
记者咨询一家网站有没有相关经营许可证，网站人员以“有事要离开”为由回避。而在记者所能找到的销售网站中，没有任何网站在网页上展示了这两个所需证件。（记者 徐滔 钟锴 实习生 张芳圆）
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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Yin said AIDS caused panic in the hardest to sell large strip results add to the burden of self-test
April 12, 2011 10:54:45 Source: Nanfang Daily
Screenshot of a HIV test strip sales site
Strip buyers biggest concern is the reliability of test results. The picture shows the site from the sales of HIV testing paper and lancets. Xu Tao photo
HIV self test -
AIDS groups fear the healing is not valid
April 6, for the recent widespread public concern about the "negative AIDS" event, the Ministry of Health official position, "negative AIDS" is just fear of AIDS symptoms, there is no unknown virus, the so-called "yin AIDS" has nothing to do with AIDS. A focus on "new" temporarily settled the discussion of AIDS, but triggered a chain reaction is far from stopped.
"15 minutes to determine the result," "elimination of inner fear" ... ... on the network, had a momentary silence, HIV self-test paper once again hot, as some people excluded from the "HIV negative" and the fear of AIDS last straw.
However, the hustle and bustle behind, but it is the fear of any test paper can not be changed. A small strip, it is possible to scare buyers into a new cycle of fear.
Online selling, "Yam AIDS" fear as a gimmick
"You can make a test strip within 15 minutes out of fear", the site strip ads directly target HIV locked suspect people are Buganshengzhang
In the Baidu search for "HIV test paper," the site appears large number of different types are numerous, and some HIV web site claiming to be "China's first professional to provide AIDS prevention and testing and counseling services," while others call themselves "AIDS Official testing portal. " Recently appeared on the "Yin AIDS," the fear that many websites have become a publicity stunt, the site to the new situation "right": "HIV negative" is the "fear of AIDS", a strip can let you in 15 minutes inside out panic.
Interaction in a test strip sales site area, a man called "qi," the netizen said they occurred after the high-risk sex, throat began to inflammation, dry cough with sputum, and later felt a fever, he asks in horror: "I'm not HIV-infected precursor, really good scared. how can I do, I'm still young ah ... well ... sorry to do that thing. "strip ads website told" fear of AIDS by ":" Do not let worry and fear remain in the mind. just simple Simple single self-testing, can put aside the shadow of that annoying "locked directly to the objectives of HIV infection was suspected of their people Buganshengzhang.
A site sales staff told Nanfang Daily reporter, who had been small-scale survey to find out the psychological characteristics of target customers. According to reports, the person who needs to buy extreme fear of AIDS, and generally have a tendency to discriminate against people living with HIV; Secondly, potential customers do not care about the specific price, not like buying other products, like bargain. "At home you can do the test results --- only 15 minutes fast, simple and accurate test to 99.7%," "at home self-test, 15 minutes know the results, confidentiality, free shipping, frankly face the family!" Many site will detect the time fast, easy, privacy protection, as well ad a conspicuous location on the site.
Network monopoly profits ten times a test paper
A strip of the purchase price less than 5 yuan, the website has 10 times the profits. Because the pharmacy can not be purchased in the physical, the network has virtually become the market's "monopoly" seller
Press survey found that the site is not low pricing on the test paper. To a domestic brand of test strips, for example, the majority of sites for the "one price" for each 50 -60 element, the so-called higher prices of imports strip is made of two to three times. When the reporter asked to "buy" homemade strip, the site at first resolutely refused sales price, "buy this also bargain, really the first time I saw." However, after some bargaining, the sales staff eventually agreed to sell 400 per box, containing 40, that is 10 yuan per strip, which compared to the original "one price" as low as several times.
According to the sales staff said a site, a strip of the purchase price of less than 5 million, according to the usual site selling prices more than 10 times the profits the middle. And such a test strip in the general pharmacy entity can not be bought, the network has virtually become the market's "monopoly" vendors. Press survey found that the major site of the provisions of protection of customer privacy very detailed and objective is to provide "the most professional personalized service."
Customers who have bought through the test paper, the reporter was informed that the site parcels sent packing from the outer to inner were no marks on the HIV test paper, nor any network related to HIV testing and the words, "and the packaging is no ordinary parcels difference is the packaging carton, the packaging is aluminum foil bag, sealed, light, radiation, moisture, light can not look. " Express One clear indication on the website to write some "accessories", "office supplies" or "gift." A person in charge told the Southern Daily reporters, "We send parcels the right to enjoy exemption from inspection", the delivery person will not know the contents of the package. He repeatedly stressed: "If you choose delivered to your door, do not have to worry about delivery man will know what products you purchase, please be assured." Site also offers single-number inquiry service delivery to facilitate the delivery of goods purchased to understand the situation , or in the home page scroll "recent AIDS test paper invoice number" and shipments.
In addition to self-test results increased fears the burden of difficult
Many buyers while carefully holding their own self-test results, while the heart is still fear, uncertainty due to the result, panic has not fully disappeared
Detection time to spend tens of dollars, if you use the site recommended "portfolio" is to spend two or three hundred dollars a test, multiple testing, the cost of more expensive repeatedly confirmed. But the purchase of convenience, ease of use, privacy protection, site strip business is booming. Site sales staff said that, after all, go to the hospital and the CDC the inconvenience, people are still buying a lot of test strips.
Reporter found in the survey, which should help buyers "out of the haze," the self-test, but failed to actually reduce their psychological burden.
Site provided by the test strip with "self-test buffer", for example, in the eyes of some buyers, it has become a new source of trouble, "self-test buffer is made with the HIV virus, when the wounds run into buffer self-test fluid will not infected with HIV? "similar concerns have occurred in virtually all of the people who had self.
Nanfang Daily, a buyer told reporters after the test is not done, but in turn worry about "is not false." "Operation will be recalled over and over again, for fear of good news just received is just get the job," he said, prompted the idea, he will again and again to buy test strips, "do more do not say, but also let yourself down into it. "
Sales staff admitted that many buyers while carefully holding their own self-test results, while the heart is still fear, as the result of the uncertainty, fear has not completely eliminated, so repeated confirmation of negative results accounted for a Web site consultant majority.
More terror, because the test results "false positive" the existence of a very small number of patients self-test results are questionable, it may not be infected with the virus, self-test result is only a miscarriage of justice. According to some websites published data, the probability of this situation is 3%.
Had a similar experience of a self-test those memories, did not know a "false positive" presence, so after the first test that "sky is down", then bite the bullet and go to the hospital just to get normal test results.
Experts advise
Any deviation will affect the self-test results
"Recognized authority should believe the results of the national understanding of the situation must be credible than people." For the so-called "HIV negative" and the fear caused by AIDS, the Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Dermatology Dr. Hu Yunfeng that HIV testing technologies in China level is already very high, "but someone often encountered in clinical testing here, do not believe we went to the test results and testing in other hospitals," Dr. Hu believes that this and the self as psychological factors play a significant role .
Guangzhou, also a top three hospital laboratory doctor who declined to name it clear that "there is detection of qualified hospitals have a special laboratory, testing is a complex process." He disclosed that in certain circumstances such as blood or first aid before surgery, a few sales of similar sites using the rapid test strips, but the detection reagent in the transport and preservation, such as temperature and humidity have very strict requirements, any one link little bias there, it could lead to inaccurate results, "the hospital with the detection reagent, only the first step screening for HIV, if there are problems but also a series of examinations to diagnose."
The doctors do not recommend self-test. He said that HIV testing on the environment as demanding, if a "false positive", "false negative", easy to delay treatment, or to give myself a huge psychological shadow, while they themselves pay no attention to the contrary, when detected in blood will lead to other infections.
Asked
Site have a qualified sales?
Site of an AIDS test strip sales staff told us that they are getting goods directly from manufacturers. The reporter contacted the manufacturer of Beijing Jin Hao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the company's sales manager Huang introduced, the company's HIV test strips are sold all over the country's hospitals, blood banks and the CDC, have agents around, but no stores.
In addition, a manufacturer Acon Biotech Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Sales Director, Mr Suen said, he noticed a lot of websites sell HIV test paper, "estimates a website to sell 100-200 copies a month," he sold to general consumers that there is risk, because most people buy a home will not use, but also prone to miscalculation.
However, manufacturers interviewed sales staff have said that the general sales or individual can buy test strips manufacturers "With the increased possibility of individuals to purchase self-test, the market's implicit demand is increasing."
This reporter has learned, HIV test strip is a "blood-derived in vitro diagnostic reagents for screening," but as the drug administration. According to state regulations, in vitro diagnostic reagents to business class, you must also have "two certificates": pharmaceutical business permit license and medical equipment business. According to relevant regulations, the threshold for these two documents is not low, pharmacist, library room temperature, cold storage and other hardware is the most basic conditions.
Press contact is not a site license, site staff to "have something to leave" as an excuse to avoid. In the press can find the sales site, there is no display on the Web site of the two required documents. (Intern reporter Zhang Fang Xu Tao Zhong Kai Yuen)
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