中医药延缓病程让艾滋病患者生活质量高没有耐药问题 日常6种食物有助预防艾滋病
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年12月01日12:15 中国中医药报
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图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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今天是第23个世界艾滋病日,主题为“普遍可及和人权”,意在强调实现艾滋病预防、治疗、关怀和支持的普遍可及是保护人权的当务之急。艾滋病患者长期饱受“鸡尾酒”疗法副作用的伤害,如何提高其生存质量已成为全世界关注的热点之一,西方医药界已开始将目光投向中医药——
本报记者 陈斐然
艾滋病的医学全名为“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”,由人类免疫缺陷病毒引起。这种病毒终生传染,能够破坏人体免疫系统,使人丧失抵抗各种疾病的能力。艾滋病病毒的传播途径主要包括血液、母婴遗传和性接触等。目前,艾滋病仍是不治之症。鸡尾酒疗法,即抗逆转录病毒疗法,是目前治疗艾滋病的有效方法之一。
在今年10月召开的首届国际中医药防治艾滋病大会中,记者了解到,虽然艾滋病疫苗和有效治疗方法在临床上尚未取得实质性进展,但中医药在调节免疫,改善和减轻患者症状,减少抗病毒药引起的毒副作用,提高患者生活质量方面已做出不同程度的成绩。
辨证施治,延缓艾滋病进程
专家介绍,人体感染艾滋病病毒后,其主要病理过程是T淋巴细胞免疫系统的受损,尤其是CD4免疫细胞遭到损害,而导致各种机会性感染和肿瘤。依据CD4免疫细胞的数量,艾滋病分为4个时期——急性感染期、无症状HIV感染期、艾滋病前期和艾滋病期。
健康人的CD4免疫细胞约为800个/立方毫米。在急性感染期,艾滋病病毒载量急剧上升,CD4免疫细胞数量相应下降。但大多数感染者不经治疗,CD4免疫细胞即可回升至正常或接近正常水平。
随后进入无症状感染期,CD4免疫细胞持续缓慢减少。在未经治疗的情况下,无症状期每立方毫米CD4免疫细胞每年下降50~60个。大多数感染者在8~10年后降至200个/立方毫米以下,进入艾滋病前期。考虑到“鸡尾酒”疗法的毒副反应、可能过早产生耐药性、高昂的价格等方面,西医不主张在此期进行治疗。
针对这一时期,中医主张发挥“治未病”的优势,辨证施治,采用中医药综合疗法,延缓无症状期艾滋病感染者进入艾滋病期。
2004年8月起,国家中医药管理局先后在我国17个省(市)、自治区,对艾滋病患者进行中医药治疗。据调查研究表明,无症状期的中医证型主要以虚证为主,随着病程进展,病情复杂化,发展至艾滋病期以虚证和虚实夹杂证多见,虚证贯彻始终。因此,中医药治疗艾滋病无症状期的思路是虚实并治,补虚为主。
在艾滋病前期和艾滋病期,多数中医专家分析认为,艾滋病病毒侵入人体,机体外防御体系对入侵邪毒必进行抵抗,或为邪毒犯表,郁于腠理,表卫失和,出现头痛、发热、乏力、咽痛、全身不适等表现;或邪毒入侵犯肺,出现壮热、咳嗽、咯痰、头身疼痛等表现;或皮毛宣泄失畅,邪毒郁于肌奏,出现颈、腋及枕部淋巴结肿大,或急性多发性神经炎、皮疹、肝脾肿大等。因此中医治疗多以“扶正祛邪”为主,目的是提高免疫功能,控制机会性感染,改善生存质量,使患者带毒生存。
整体调治,提高机体免疫力
高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)也被称为“鸡尾酒”疗法,是目前治疗艾滋病公认的有效疗法,即3种或3种以上的抗病毒药物联合使用。该疗法可以减少单一用药产生的抗药性,最大限度地抑制病毒的复制,使被破坏的机体免疫功能部分甚至全部恢复。该疗法把蛋白酶抑制剂与多种抗病毒的药物混合使用,从而使艾滋病得到有效的控制。
在发达国家,HAART已广泛应用于临床,并取得了显著疗效,但是长期使用HAART会造成严重的毒副作用,往往令患者无法遵守疗程而停止药物治疗,导致大量耐药毒株出现。由于HAART不能彻底清除HIV病毒,病人需要终生服药。但高昂的费用是普通患者难以承担的,一旦停药病人体内的病毒载量也将急剧反弹。
中医药在治疗艾滋病时,注重人体的整体功能的调整。目前已有研究显示,中医药对发热、乏力、气短、咳嗽、腹泻等症状有明显改善,其中以乏力改善最为突出。治疗后,患者体重有不同程度的增加,症状体征改善,部分患者恢复了劳动力,生活质量得到了提高。
非药物疗法,改善艾滋病症状
广西中医学院附属瑞康医院艾滋病研究中心专家提出,在艾滋病患者的日常饮食中,可以加入一些药食同源的药物,如人参、茯苓、白术、甘草、山药、枸杞、百合等,增强患者体质,激发患者元气。
针灸疗法虽然不能治愈艾滋病,但可以改善某些临床症状。以扶正培本、益气活血,兼以清热解毒、祛风散寒为原则的针刺疗法,可明显减轻和改善诸如发热、乏力、纳差、腹泻等症状和体征。灸疗具有温经通络、回阳固脱等作用,对于艾滋病等虚损性疾病有很好的效果。
适度的体育锻炼对人体的健康有着至关重要的作用。中医学中一些传统的锻炼方法,如五禽戏、八段锦、太极拳、易筋经等对增强体质,激发人体元气功能也有着积极意义。这些也有助于提升艾滋病患者的身体素质和抵御病毒的能力。
日常6种食物有助预防艾滋病
2010-12-01 12:54 稿源: 中国中医药报
黄豆 黄豆中除含丰富蛋白质以外,还含有丰富的硒,硒这种微量元素能提高人体的抗病能力。黄豆中的大豆皂苷,可抑制艾滋病病毒,病毒即使进入体内,也难以生长繁殖。
黄瓜 黄瓜中含有胡萝卜素C,能增强人体免疫功能,具有抗病毒、抗癌作用。黄瓜尾部有一种苦味的化学物质,能把进入体内的艾滋病毒杀死。
苦瓜 苦瓜中的苦瓜蛋白,对于进入人体内的艾滋病病毒有强烈的抑制作用,美国科学家曾让50例艾滋病患者大量食用苦瓜或口含苦瓜汁,取得了一定的治疗效果。
海带 海带中含碘最多,碘化物能促进炎症渗出物的吸收,对癌症有一定的抑制作用。海带中还有硫酸脂,能够保护人体免疫系统的细胞,不受艾滋病病毒的侵害,从而预防艾滋病。
鹅血 鹅血中含有大量的免疫球蛋白,能够增强人体的免疫功能,升高血液中的白细胞,促进淋巴细胞的吞噬功能,对艾滋病病毒有较强的抵抗作用。
大蒜 大蒜中含有植物杀菌素,对各种病毒也有灭杀作用。常吃大蒜,还能提高免疫能力,预防各种疾病。据研究,将艾滋病病毒放入大蒜汁中5分钟便全部死亡。所以,平时多吃大蒜,对预防艾滋病具有重要的意义。(慧淙)
Chinese medicine to delay the course of daily high quality of life of AIDS patients with food will help prevent AIDS 6
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010 年 12 月 01 日 12:15 Chinese Medicine News
Today is the first of 23 World AIDS Day, the theme "Universal Access and Human Rights", intended to emphasize the implementation of AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support universal access and the protection of human rights imperative. Long-term suffering from AIDS "cocktail" therapy side effects of the injury, how to improve their quality of life has become a focus of attention of one of the world, the Western medical community has begun to set his sights on Chinese Medicine -
Chen striking reporter
AIDS medicine full-called "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Transmission of the virus for life, can destroy the human immune system, people lose the ability to resist various diseases. HIV is mainly transmitted through blood, such as maternal genetic and sexual contact. Currently, AIDS is still incurable disease. Cocktail therapy, ie anti-retroviral therapy, is one of the effective treatment of AIDS.
Held in October this year, the First International Congress on AIDS prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine, the reporter learned that, although effective treatment for AIDS vaccine and has not made substantial clinical progress, but in medicine in the regulation of immunity, improve and alleviate the symptoms and reduce the resistance viral drugs cause side effects, improve patient quality of life has made varying degrees of success.
Syndrome differentiation, delaying the process of AIDS
Experts, the human AIDS virus, the main pathological process of T lymphocytes in the immune system is impaired, particularly impaired CD4 immune cells, resulting in a variety of opportunistic infections and tumors. Based on the number of CD4 immune cells, AIDS is divided into four periods - acute infection, asymptomatic HIV infection, AIDS and pre-AIDS.
Healthy people is about 800 CD4 immune cells / cubic mm. In acute infection, the rapid rise in HIV viral load, CD4 corresponding decline in the number of immune cells. But most of the infected without treatment, CD4 immune cells to rebound to normal or near normal levels.
And then went to asymptomatic infection, CD4 immune cells continued to slowly decrease. In untreated cases, symptoms of immune CD4 cells per cubic millimeter per year decreased by 50 ~ 60. Most infections in the 8 to 10 years down to 200 / cubic millimeter below into the pre-AIDS. Taking into account the "cocktail" therapy side effects, drug resistance may be premature, high prices, etc., Western medicine does not advocate for treatment in this period.
For this period, the Chinese claim to play a "disease" of the advantages, syndrome differentiation, the use of combination therapy of Chinese medicine, anti asymptomatic HIV into AIDS.
August 2004, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China has 17 provinces (municipalities) and autonomous regions, and AIDS patients with Chinese medicine treatment. According to the survey results show that asymptomatic period of deficiency syndromes mainly based, as their illness progresses, the disease complex and development to the actual situation of AIDS and the inclusion of the certificate common deficiency, deficiency syndrome consistent. Therefore, Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS symptoms and the actual situation of the idea is to rule, mainly tonic.
HIV and AIDS in the early period, most Chinese experts believe that the AIDS virus into the human body, the body defense system outside the cult poison will to resist invasion, or committed cult poison the table, in the Cou Li Yu, Wei disharmony table, headache, fever , fatigue, sore throat, general malaise and other performance; or cult poison Fanfei invasion, there strong heat, cough, expectoration, pain in head and body performance; or vent loss of fur Chang, Yu cult poison played in the muscle, there neck, axilla and occipital lymph nodes, or acute multiple neuritis, rash, hepatosplenomegaly and so on. Therefore, Chinese medicine treatment and more to "uphold" the main purpose is to improve immune function, control of opportunistic infections, improved quality of life so the survival of patients infected.
Treating the whole, improve immunity
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), also known as "cocktail" therapy, is recognized as an effective therapy to treat AIDS, that more than 3 or 3 of antiviral drugs in combination. The therapy can reduce the resistance generated by a single agent, the maximum inhibition of viral replication, the immune function of the damaged part or all of recovery. The protease inhibitor therapy to antiviral drugs with a variety of mixed use, so that effective control of AIDS.
In developed countries, HAART has been widely used in clinical and achieved a significant effect, but long-term use of HAART can cause serious side effects, so patients are often unable to comply with treatment to stop drug treatment, leading to a large number of resistant strains appear. HAART can not completely remove the HIV virus, patients need lifelong medication. But the high cost of the average patient is difficult to bear, and once stopping the body's viral load of patients will also be a sharp rebound.
Chinese medicine in the treatment of AIDS, the focus adjustment of the overall function of the human body. At present, studies have shown that Chinese medicine for fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, diarrhea and other symptoms improved, the most prominent of which fatigue improvement. After treatment, patients have varying degrees of increase in body weight, signs and symptoms improved, some patients resumed labor, quality of life improved.
Non-drug therapy, improve symptoms of HIV
Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical Center experts for AIDS Research, AIDS patients in the daily diet, you can add some Medicinal and Edible drugs, such as ginseng, Poria, Atractylodes, Licorice, Chinese yam, wolfberry, lily, etc., enhance the physical fitness of patients stimulate the patients strength.
Acupuncture therapy does not cure AIDS, but can improve some clinical symptoms. Training to righting this, Qi and blood circulation, and to detoxify, comfortable and easy for the principles of acupuncture therapy can significantly reduce and improve, such as fever, fatigue, anorexia, diarrhea and other symptoms and signs. Moxibustion with the temperature by-pass network, back to the sun and other solid role off for wasting diseases such as AIDS, have a good effect.
Moderate physical exercise on human health has a vital role. Some traditional Chinese medicine training methods, such as the five animals, Ba Duan Jin, Tai Chi, Yi Jin Jing, etc. for enhancing physical fitness, stimulate the function of the human body also has a positive vitality. These also help to improve physical fitness and resist the AIDS virus.
6 kinds of foods daily will help prevent AIDS
2010-12-01 12:54 is the source: China Pharmaceutical News
Soy beans, in addition to protein-rich, is also rich in selenium, trace elements selenium that can improve the body's resistance to disease. Soybean saponins in soybean can inhibit HIV, the virus enters the body even if, it is difficult growth and reproduction.
Cucumber cucumber contains carotene C, can enhance immune function, with anti-virus, anti-cancer effect. The tail of a bitter cucumber chemicals into the body can kill the HIV virus.
Bitter gourd bitter gourd bitter gourd in the protein, for the AIDS virus into the human body has a strong inhibitory effect, U.S. scientists gave its large consumption of 50 cases of AIDS or mouth with bitter gourd bitter gourd juice, achieved some therapeutic effect.
Most kelp kelp iodine, iodide can promote the absorption of inflammatory exudate, a certain inhibitory effect on cancer. Kelp also sulfuric acid ester, to protect the human immune system cells, from AIDS viruses to prevent AIDS.
Goose goose blood contains large amounts of immune serum globulin, can enhance the body's immune function, increased blood leukocytes, and promote phagocytosis of lymphocytes, the AIDS virus have a stronger role in the resistance.
Garlic Garlic contains phytoncide, on the role of viruses also kill. Eat garlic, but also improve the immunity against various diseases. According to the research, the AIDS virus into the garlic for 5 minutes then all died. So, usually eat garlic, on the prevention of AIDS is of great significance. (Hui Cong)
研究表明中药治疗艾滋病没有耐药问题
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年12月01日14:13 中国中医药报
本报讯 11月29日,湖南长沙市湘雅二医院承担的国家“十一五”防治艾滋病科技重大专项课题组传来消息,自2009年6月至2010年11月,对近2000名艾滋病人进行了病情观察和相关检查,选择部分病人,开展了规范的中药治疗。接受中医药治疗的艾滋病患者,病情明显缓解,各项实验室指标有所改善,无一人中途停止服药、无一人病情恶化或死亡。
当前推广的抗艾滋病病毒治疗部分接受治疗者可能出现病毒耐药,并不得不忍受药物的毒副反应。在上述感染者中使用中医药治疗具有其独特的优势,某些中药提取物及其组分具有增强免疫功能和抑制病毒的作用,并能克服艾滋病的不适症状和抗病毒治疗药物带来的副作用。
我国广大患者对中医药较能够接受,依从性好;且中药资源丰富,价低效好,毒副作用小,可长期服用,没有耐药性。(刘少龙 宋利)
The results show that there is no medicine to treat AIDS drug problem
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010 年 12 月 01 日 14:13 Chinese Medicine News
WASHINGTON Nov. 29, Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, assumed the national "Eleventh Five-Year" AIDS major science and technology research group from the news, from June 2009 to November 2010, to nearly 2,000 AIDS disease who were observed and related inspection, some patients choose to carry out the standard of Chinese medicine treatment. Accept medical treatment of AIDS patients, the condition was alleviated, the laboratory parameters improved, no one way to stop medication, no one disease progression or death.
The current promotion of anti-HIV therapy treatment may occur some viral resistance, and had to endure the side effects of drugs. Infection in the treatment of the use of Chinese medicine has its unique advantages, some of the herbal extracts and its components with enhanced immune function and the role of viral suppression, and overcome the symptoms of AIDS and anti-viral drugs side effects .
The majority of patients of Chinese medicine in China more acceptable and better compliance; and rich in traditional Chinese medicine resources, inefficient price is good, toxic side effects can be long-term use, no drug resistance. (Liushao Long Song Lee)
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