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美国红十字会的运作方式
文字：小鱼儿
中国红十字会因为郭美美事件，陷入了前所未有的公信危机里。从某种意义上来讲，郭美美事件只是引子，后期的事情，会扯出一大堆来。大家和小鱼儿一起，试目以待。
因为中国红十字会的事情，许多人就想了解一下美国的红十字会。小鱼儿不才，刚好在美国的时候，接触过美国的红十字会，今天小鱼儿就和大家分享美国红十字红的动作方式。
美国的红十字会除了少数的几个固定的工作人员拿工资以外，其余的95%的工作人员都是志愿者组成的，也就是说这些志愿者没有报酬，也不会向红十字会机构提出要报酬，他们是义务劳动。尽管如此，没有报酬，美国每年仍旧有一百多万志愿者愿意加入红十字会的志愿者行列里来。许多加入志愿者的人表示，这是一种骄傲和荣誉，他们十分珍惜为他人提供帮助的这个机会。
美国的红十字会有明确的任务领域，通常会分成四个部分领域，包括血液采集、灾难救援、救护战争中受伤的士兵和受害者，还有一个就是社区教育和宣传。
在中国，血液的采集会有血液库主动采集，但是在美国血液采集的一半以上的血液提供是来自红十字红。
关于美国的灾难救援，这是美国红十字会的一项非常重要的工作，就如中国的红十字会一样，救死扶伤是职责。当灾难里灾民的需求超过政府部门的处理能力后，红十字会会在接到通知的两个小时内向任何灾难或突发事件做出响应，无论情况有多困难都要做出这样的决定。红十字会要在第一时间赶到现场，并向灾难对方提供食物、水、避难所，还有医疗服务项目等。在提供基础服务的情况下，也要向灾难的民众提供心理健康援助。因为遭遇灾难的人所看见和经历的非常事件可能会让他们的心理难以承受。红十字会拥有专门经过培训、具有灾难心理指导经验的人员。等救助的工作结束后，美国红十字会的工作还没有结束，他们还要继续帮助人们在灾难过后重新开始新的生活，为他们提供维持生计的手段，包括职业介绍，交通工具提供，职业技能培训等。总之，美国在灾难救援的过程中，需要红十字会做得工作有很多很多，许多事情根本不用政府去分配，去讲，红十字会便会主动承担起责任。当然灾难救援还包括他国发生灾难时的救援工作。
关于美国红十字会救护战争中的士兵和受害者，最初的职责是给战争中的士兵和受害者提供援助和慰问，采用的方式是发送怀礼包以及与部队军人家庭保持有效联系。但是现在因为美国参与的战争越来越多，美国红十字会所要做的事情也就很多，他们会和军部有联系，以确定军人出战的情况，以做好相应的准备工作。
关于美国红十字社区教育和宣传，他们会通过实施健康和安全教育计划影响全美国的个个社区，他们会提供临时保姆培训课程，救生员培训，CPR培训和认证等，以及艾滋病的普及知识，让人们能够在平时的生活里学会自救。这都是美国红十字会必须做的工作。
某一个地区的红十字会会提供广泛的人道主义服务，包括救济食品发放中心，老年人护理，社区服务计划，无家可归者庇护以及青年志愿者服务等。对于，任何一项，他们都有明确的规定和章程。
美国红十字会下属有990个区级和市级分会组成，每个分会都由全国理事会正式授权，各分会的会长拥有一定的自主权，可以决定在他们所管理的区内哪些方案和服务最重要。预算资金由全国总会分配给分会。红十字会属于非营利性质的慈善机构，因此，各种活动都是免税的。
然而，美国的红十字会，也是属于美国政府的，它并不能无视政府的存在。而且运行的过程中，也得遵守相应的国会宪章。根本规定，红十字会是政府的救援工具，必须执行政府委派的任务。在此过程中，美国联邦食品和药品管理局会对红十字会的各项工作实施监督。
美国红十字会的会长由50人的理事会选举产生，没有任命制。理事会的成员均为义工，没有报酬可拿。但是会长可领取20多万美元的年薪，但是美国人因为想做好事，才去当这个会长。在这么长时间里，产生的会长里有好几位都愿意放弃20万的年薪，免费为红十字会服务。这些义工的理事会成员中，有八名可以由总统来任名，其余的四十二位则由每年的全国代表大会选举产生。瞧，美国的红十字会义工都要经过全国代表大会选出，这表明美国人在红十字会这个部门投入了多大的精力，也证明了他们对红十字会的重视程度，绝对不允许出现贪污等不法的行为。现在，在美国的红十字会里，有120万名志愿者和4万领薪雇员（多数是服务性的护士）组成。试问中国的红十字会，领工资的有多少？
当然，在美国的历史上红十字会也出现了这样那样的问题，克拉拉·巴顿辞职，就是因为有人指出其内部纷争太多，不利于红十字会的发展，而且其任职的过程中，往来的帐目管理混乱，公开的帐目无法相配，所以必须辞掉这样不负责任的会长。还有就是参议员鲍勃·多尔参加竞选，他的妻子伊丽莎白·多尔当时正是美国红十字会的会长。有人称，她为了巩固丈夫的政治地位而利用了红十字会，她违背了红十字会以健康和安全计划为目的的办会宗旨。
不管如何讲，美国的红十字会的内部人员若是出现私人与红十字会的规定不符的行为，那么他立刻就会被辞退掉。
每一次美国若是出现大灾难的时候，捐款者都有权利要求美国红十字会提供财务管理的明细帐，这样会让他们觉得自己的钱捐得有所用。比如，9-11事件中，捐款者，就非常愤怒地发现，红十字会并没有把所有的11亿捐款用在灾难的救助上，而是擅自挪用了2亿美元用于将来救援工作的备用金。这让美国捐款者相当愤怒，他们利用各种手段迫使美国红十字会又把这笔钱重新投放到9-11事件的救援工作中去。在此次事件中，当时的美国红十字会会长伯娜丁·希利引咎辞职，然后红十字会因为此事而向民众表示，未来他们会让红十字会的财管管理更加透明化，公开哪怕每一美分的流向。
正因为后来财务的透明化，使得美国的红十字会的公信力越来越强，越来越多的人愿意把钱捐到红十字会那里，因此，美国的红十字会现在的发展越来越好。
那么拷问中国红十字红，如果此交不是因为郭美美事件，你们会主动而透明地公开所有的财务帐目吗？
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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American Red Cross works
Text: small fish
Mei-US event because the Chinese Red Cross, plunged into an unprecedented crisis in public confidence. In a sense, Mei-US event is just primer, post things, a lot to be pulled. We and small fish together, try to be.
Because the Chinese Red Cross thing, many people wanted to know about American Red Cross. Little fish Fucai, just when the United States, contact the American Red Cross, today, small fish and share with the American Red Cross red action mode.
American Red Cross in addition to the few regular staff are paid, the rest of 95% of the staff are volunteers, that volunteers do not pay, will not be made to the Red Cross organizations to pay, they are voluntary labor. Still, no remuneration, the United States each year is still more than a million volunteers willing to join the ranks of the Red Cross to volunteer. Many volunteers said adding, this is a pride and honor, and cherish them for others to help this opportunity.
American Red Cross has a clear mission field, the field is usually divided into four parts, including blood collection, disaster relief, rescue wounded soldiers and war victims, and the other is community education and advocacy.
In China, there will be blood collected in blood collection library initiative, but more than half the U.S. blood collection from the Red Cross to provide blood red.
About U.S. disaster relief, the American Red Cross is a very important job, as the Chinese Red Cross as a life-saving duties. When the needs of disaster victims than in the capacity of government departments, the Red Cross will be notified within two hours of any disaster or emergency to respond, no matter how difficult it must make such a decision. Red Cross to be rushed to the scene, the other party to the disaster to provide food, water, shelter, and medical services, etc. In the case of providing basic services, but also to populations in disaster mental health assistance. Suffered a disaster because people see and experience the extraordinary events may make their psychological unbearable. Red Cross has a special trained with disaster psychological guidance of experienced personnel. And other relief work after the end of the American Red Cross's work is not over, they will continue to help people after a disaster to start a new life, providing them with means of subsistence, including employment, transport modes, vocational skills training. In short, the United States in the disaster relief process, the need for Red Cross work done many, many, many things do not have the government to distribute, to say the Red Cross would take the initiative to assume responsibility. Of course, other countries including disaster relief disaster relief efforts.
American Red Cross ambulance on the soldiers and war victims, the first duty is to the soldiers and war victims assistance and sympathy, the approach is to send troops pregnant military family with gifts and maintain effective links. But now because of the growing U.S. involvement in the war, the American Red Cross are also a lot of things to do, they will have contact and the military, the military played to determine the situation in order to make the appropriate preparations.
About the American Red Cross community education and publicity, they will through the implementation of health and safety education programs affect all communities across the United States, they will provide temporary nanny training, lifeguard training, CPR training and certification, as well as the popularization of knowledge of AIDS, allow people to learn life in the usual self-help. This is the American Red Cross must do.
A certain region of the Red Cross will provide a wide range of humanitarian services, including food bank, aged care, community service projects, homeless shelters and youth volunteer services. For, any, they have clear rules and regulations.
American Red Cross under the 990 district and municipal branch, each branch official authorized by the National Council, the president of the branch has a certain autonomy, can decide in which areas they manage programs and The most important service. Budget funds allocated to the branch by the National Federation. Red Cross are non-profit charitable organization, therefore, a variety of activities are exempt from tax.
However, the U.S. Red Cross is part of the U.S. government, it does not ignore the existence of the government. And run the process, they have to comply with the appropriate congressional charter. Fundamental provisions of the Red Cross is the government's rescue tools, you must perform government-appointed task. In this process, the U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration will supervise the work of the Red Cross.
The president of the American Red Cross by the 50 people elected by the Council, there is no appointment system. Council members are volunteers, not paid to be had. But the president may receive more than $ 200,000 annual salary, but because the Americans want to do good, only to become the president. In such a long time to produce the president, there are quite a few are willing to give up the 200,000 annual salary, free of charge for Red Cross services. These volunteer Board members, eight appointed by the President to name the rest of the forty-two from the annual National People's Congress elections. Look, the United States, Red Cross volunteers go through the National Congress of the election, suggesting that American Red Cross, the department put in how much energy, they also proved the importance of the Red Cross, and definitely not corruption and other malpractices. Now, the Red Cross in the United States, there are 1.2 million volunteers and 40,000 salaried employees (the majority of nurses in the service) components. How China's Red Cross, the number of salaried?
Of course, the history of the Red Cross in the United States there have been all kinds of problems, Clara Barton resigned because it was too much internal strife that it is not conducive to the development of the Red Cross, and its working process, between chaotic management accounts and open accounts can not match, it must quit such an irresponsible president. There is Senator Bob Dole to run for his wife, Elizabeth Dole was when the president of the American Red Cross. Some have called her husband in order to consolidate the political status of the use of the Red Cross, she violated the Red Cross to the health and safety plan will aim to do for the purpose.
No matter how, the U.S. role within the Red Cross and Red Cross personnel In the case of private incompatible with the provisions of the act, then he will immediately be dismissed out.
If every American big disaster, donors have the right to demand that the U.S. Red Cross to provide financial management of the ledger, this will make them feel that their money was donated has been used. For example, 9-11 events, donors, very angry to find that the Red Cross and not all the 1.1 billion spent on disaster relief donations, but rather $ 200 million in unauthorized rescue standby for future gold. This allows U.S. donors very angry, they use various means to force the American Red Cross again to re-invest the money to 9-11 rescue work. In this incident, the then president of the American Red Cross Bona Dingxi Li resigned, and the Red Cross said to the people because of that, they will make future management of the Red Cross's financial management more transparent, open even if every cent of the flow.
Because of subsequent financial transparency, making the credibility of American Red Cross is growing, more and more people are willing to donate money to the Red Cross there, so the U.S. Red Cross is now becoming more and more good.
So the Red Cross Red Chinese torture, if the pay is not as Mei-US event, you will take the initiative and transparent disclosure of all financial accounts of it?
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