要点简析
什么是连系动词?什么是表语?时至高二,仍有不少同学对这些问题的答案模糊不清。而系表结构乃是英语五种基本句型之一,更是历届高考必考的语法项目,其重要程度可见一斑。本文试对考生经常出错的系动词的要点进行分类简析,以期能对同学们更好地掌握系动词的用法有所帮助。
1.Become/turn/go/get/fall/grow
become/turn/go/get/fall/grow用作系动词,都含有“变化”的意思,译成汉语都为“变成;成为;达到”,但也存在细微的区别。请比较:
2.look/appear/seem
look/appear/seem用作系动词,都可以译成“好像;似乎”,而且通常不用于进行时,但其含义和搭配是不同的。look着重指由视觉得出的印象;appear一般强调外表上给人某种印象,但有时含有实际上并非如此的意思;而seem暗示有一定根据的判断,而且这种判断往往接近事实。
look主要接形容词,或as if/as though引导的从句,也可以和like连用,后接名词或代词。例如:
(1) He must have failed at the interview,for he looks very sad. 他面试肯定失败了,因为他显得很伤心。
(2) It looks like rain. (=It looks as if it is going to rain.) 好像要下雨了。
appear后接形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语或that、as if 引导的从句。例如:
(1) The professor’s lecture appears to me quite long and dull. 教授的演讲我听起来感到非常的长而枯燥。
(2) Your son appears a quite hardworking boy. 你儿子看上去是个非常用功的孩子。
(3) You appear to have known each other before you met here. 看来你们在这儿相遇之前就认识了。
(4) Asked what to do next,he appeared in the dark. 问到下一步怎么办,他显得很迷茫。
(5) It appears to me that she has a taste in music. 我感到她对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。
seem和appear相仿,后面主要接形容词、动词不定式或that、as if 引导的从句,也可以和like连用,后接名词。例如:
(1) The teacher seemed embarrassed by the question. 老师似乎被这个问题搞得很尴尬。
(2) You seem to be talking something important.你们好像在谈一件很重要的事。
(3) It seems to me you have been neglecting your duty. 我感觉你对职责好像有所疏忽。
(4) It seems like years since my parents had such a good time. 我父母好像多年没这么开心过了。
注意:as if/as though引导的从句一般要用虚拟语气,但表示将来也可以用陈述语气。例如:
(1) He looks as if he had been ill. 他看起来好像生过病。
(2) It looks as if it is/were going to snow today.今天好像要下雪了。
3.feel/sound/look/smell/taste
feel/sound/look/smell/taste用作系动词,通常后接形容词,不用于进行时,也不能用于被动句型。例如:
(1) What he said sounds quite reasonable.他所讲的听起来很有道理。
(2) Tasting nice and delicious,the fried chicken sells quite well. 吃起来味道鲜美,这种炸鸡相当畅销。
注意:feel用作系动词,用法有所不同,除了用形容词作表语,也可以用名词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ed形式。例如:
(1) I feel such a fool. 我感觉自己真是个傻瓜。
(2) He feels quite differently about the matter. 关于那件事,他感觉完全不同。
(3) Thank you. I feel quite at home here. 谢谢你,在这里我感到很自在。
(4) Hearing the news,I felt betrayed. 听到那个消息,我有一种被出卖的感觉。
4.keep/stay/remain
keep/stay/remain 都可以用作系动词,表示“保持;处于”,而且通常不用于进行时。keep是最常用的词,指长时间地牢固地保持或保存。stay指处于某种状态或位置地点,可能是长期或短期,永久或暂时的。remain指某种情况的继续存在和停留。keep和stay用作系动词,表语一般为形容词,而remain用作系动词,其表语除了用形容词,还可以用名词、分词、介词短语或动词不定式。例如:
(1) Mr. Brown will remain general manager of the company until the end of next year.布朗先生将继续担任公司的总经理,直至明年底。
(2) The cause of the power system breakdown and a subsequent collision of two trains in Shanghai on December 22 still remains unknown. 12月22日上海地铁停电和随后两车相撞的原因还不知道。
(3) It remains to be seen whether they can finish the project on time. 他们能否按时完成那项工程仍不得而知。
5.prove
用作系动词,prove(to be) 通常后接形容词或名词,可以把它看作一个句型:sb/sth + prove (to be) + adj./n.,译成汉语为“事实证明……;实践证明……;结果证明……”。这一句型和turn out (to be)后接形容词或名词意思相当。例如:
The UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen proved (to be) a failure. 事实证明联合国哥本哈根气候大会是失败的。
6.be
be动词是最常用的系动词,一般用来表达时间,描述情况或状态,通常不能用于进行时。如用于进行时则是表达一时或偶然的情况。例如:
Nobody can imagine Tom is being so careful now,for he is usually quite careless.没人能想象汤姆现在这么细心,因为他通常很马虎。
巩固练习
1. It_____the leaders’ meeting of the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen will come to the end without success.
A. looks as if B. appears as if
C. seems that D. seems as if
2. Hearing the news that Ding Junhui wonthe first prize in the UK Snooker Championshipa second time,his friends_____wild with joy.
A. went B. turned
C. became D. got
3. Apparently,many a student_____addicted to playing computer games.
A. has become B. has turned
C. has got D. has fallen
4. My son had already_____asleep before I got home last night.
A. fallen B. grown
C. got D. gone
5. _____nice and delicious,the fried chicken was soon sold out.
A. Tasted B. Being tasted
C. Tasting D. To taste
6. Laughing helps your body_____healthy and can even help you fight pain. Which of the following is NOT suitable?
A. keep B. leave
C. remain D. stay
7. It’s a good plan in theory,but it_____to be seen if it works inpractice.
A. waits B. stays
C. stands D. remains
8. If you_____be in time for the early bus,be sure to get up before five o’clock in the morning.
A. are about to B. are going to
C. are to D. are due to
9. Was it_____he said or something that he did_____made him a college student and laterteacher?
A. that;which;turned a
B. that;what;became the
C. what;which;a
D. what;that;turn
10. Make what arrangements you like; I’ll_____.
A. fall in with them B. fall for them
C. agree to that D. like that
Keys:1~5CACAC 6~10BDCDA