性行为已成中国艾滋病主要传播途径
2008年12月01日 08:17:05 来源：财经网
2008年新增病例中，性传播感染比例接近一半；政府呼吁消除有关艾滋病的歧视
今年12月1日是第21个世界艾滋病日，宣传主题为“遏制艾滋，履行承诺”。11月30日上午，国务院防治艾滋病工作委员会办公室、卫生部举行了新闻发布会，介绍了艾滋病在中国的防治状况，其中指出：性传播已成为主要传播途径。
同时，中国政府在“鸟巢”举行“红丝带悬挂仪式”，以呼吁消除有关艾滋病的歧视。
男男同性性行为传播呈上升趋势
国家卫生部疾病预防控制局艾滋病预防控制管理处副处长王维真在发布会上介绍，据卫生部、联合国艾滋病规划署（下称UNAIDS）和世界卫生组织的估计，截至2007年底，中国现存艾滋病病毒感染者和患者约70万，其中患者8.5万。2007年约有5万新增病例和2万死亡病例。
截至2008年9月30日，中国累计报告的艾滋病病例264302例，其中患者77753例，报告死亡34864例。2008年1月-9月，共报告发现感染者和患者44839例，报告死亡6897例。
王维真表示，中国艾滋病疫情处于总体低流行、特定人群和局部地区高流行的态势。虽然艾滋病疫情上升速度有所减缓，但性传播已成为主要传播途径。在2008年的新增病例中，异性性行为传播占40.4%，同性性行为传播占5.1%。男男同性性行为传播在2005年仅占0.4%，在2007年约占3.3%，感染比例有明显上升趋势。
根据北京市卫生局日前公布的信息，2008年1月-10月，北京市新报告755例艾滋病感染者和患者，性传播占54.6%，男男同性性行为传播占总病例数的比例高达32.8%。北京市自1985年累计报告的5635例艾滋病病例中，性传播所占比例也首次超过吸毒传播。
此外，中国艾滋病疫情的地区分布差异较大，今年1月-9月，共有86.3%的县市区报告了艾滋病病例，报告例数排行前六位的省、自治区，总病例数约占全国的80%，分别是云南、河南、广西、新疆、广东、四川。
防艾障碍是歧视和误解
中国防治艾滋病，面临的一大障碍就是“歧视”和“误解”。新闻发布会上公布了一份由UNAIDS、全国企业抗艾滋病结核和疟疾联合会、人民大学、奥美公关合作完成的调查报告。该调查涵盖了中国北京、上海、昆明、武汉、深圳、郑州加油六个城市的6000多人，包括白领、蓝领、流动人口、年轻人四个目标群体。
结果显示，虽然被访者对艾滋病的传播途径比较了解，但仍有48.7%的被访者认为，蚊虫叮咬会传播艾滋病，有18.3%的被访者认为，喷嚏或咳嗽能传播艾滋病。
有47.8%的被访者不愿意与艾滋病感染者/患者一起用餐，不愿意与艾滋病感染者/患者一起居住、一起接受理发服务、一起工作的人则分别占64.9%、63.4%、41.3%。30%的被访者认为应该不允许感染艾滋病的学生和健康学生一起在学校里学习。
UNAIDS驻华办事处代表施贺德表示，中国拥有较高的歧视水平，而歧视会妨碍大众了解到可以避免感染的信息，妨碍感染者获得治疗和关怀。王维真也表示，在中国估计存在的70万艾滋病感染者/患者中，可能有44万人还不知晓自己已经被感染。因为害怕被歧视而不敢接受检查、不敢暴露自己，是出现这种状况的原因之一。
因此，中国政府艾滋病防治部门在UNAIDS的支持下，举行了“红丝带悬挂仪式”活动，将五个巨型红丝带（艾滋病防治标志）悬挂在国家体育场“鸟巢”上，以显示中国消除有关艾滋病歧视的决心。
高危行为仍需加强干预
性传播病例所占比例的逐渐上升，与高危性行为关系密切。
王维真介绍，根据梢点监测，有60%的暗娼在性行为中不使用安全套。UNAIDS等机构合作进行的上述调查则显示，5.1%的被访者在过去一年有多个性伴侣，其中男性占72.8%。有10.7%的被访者在最近六个月内与配偶或者男/女朋友以外的人发生过性行为。在最近两次与配偶或者男/女朋友以外的人发生性行为时，42%的人没有使用过安全套。
王维真表示，中国政府会继续加大对疫情较重、边远和农村等重点地区和流动人口、青少年等重点人群的艾滋病宣传教育；继续加强行为干预工作，加大在暗娼和男男性行为人群中的干预力度，扩大干预措施的覆盖面；继续落实“四免一关怀”政策，提高二线药物的可及性，逐步扩大中医药治疗艾滋病的范围。
December 1, 2008 08:17:05 Source: Financial Network
New cases in 2008, the proportion of sexually transmitted infections, nearly half; government called for the elimination of AIDS-related discrimination
December 1 this year is the first of 21 World AIDS Day to promote the theme "Stop AIDS, to fulfill commitments." Nov. 30 morning, the State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, the Ministry of Health held a press conference, introduced in China's AIDS prevention and control situation, which it is stated that: sexual transmission has become a major route of transmission.
At the same time, the Chinese government in the "nest" the "Red Ribbon hoisting ceremony" in order to call for the elimination of AIDS-related discrimination.
Male homosexual men and sexually transmitted on the rise
The Ministry of Health for Disease Control and Prevention National AIDS Prevention and Control Management Bureau Deputy Director Wang Zhen in the conference, according to the Ministry of Health, UNAIDS (the UNAIDS) and World Health Organization estimates that as of the end of 2007, China's current HIV Infected patients and about 700,000, of which 85,000 patients. In 2007, about 50,000 new cases and 20,000 deaths.
As of September 30, 2008, China had reported 264,302 cases of AIDS cases, of which 77,753 cases of patients, the report of the death of 34,864 cases. January 2008 -9 months, the report found that a total of infected patients and 44,839 cases, the report of the 6897 case of death.
Wang Zhen said that the AIDS epidemic in China overall low prevalence, and a specific group of people in some areas of high prevalence of the situation. Although the AIDS epidemic rise has slowed, but sexual transmission has become a major route of transmission. In 2008, new cases, heterosexual sex accounted for 40.4% spread, the spread of same-sex sexual behavior accounts for 5.1 percent. Male homosexual men and sexually transmitted in 2005 accounted for only 0.4 percent in 2007, accounting for about 3.3 percent, the proportion of infections on the rise significantly.
According to the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau released a few days ago, in January 2008, -10, a new report on 755 cases of the Beijing Municipal AIDS patients and sexually transmitted accounted for 54.6 percent, homosexual men and male sexually transmitted cent of the total number of cases as high as 32.8 %. Since 1985, Beijing reported a total of 5635 cases of AIDS cases, the proportion of sexually transmitted for the first time over the spread of drug abuse.
In addition, China's AIDS epidemic different geographical distribution, in January this year, -9, a total of 86.3 percent of the counties reported AIDS cases, the report several cases before the ranking of the six provinces, autonomous regions and the total number of cases across the country accounts for about 80 %, Respectively, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Sichuan.
Fang Yi is the obstacle to the discrimination and misunderstanding
China to Fight AIDS, is facing a major obstacle to the "discrimination" and "misunderstanding." News conference announced by a UNAIDS, the National Anti-AIDS business Tuberculosis and Malaria Federation, the People's University, Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations to complete the survey. The survey covered China's Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou filling more than 6,000 people in six cities, including white-collar, blue-collar workers, mobile populations, young people in four target groups.
The results showed that while respondents to the spread of AIDS a better understanding of the way, but there is still 48.7 percent of the respondents believed that mosquito bite will spread AIDS, 18.3 percent of the respondents believe that the cough or sneeze can spread AIDS.
There are 47.8 percent of the respondents do not want to AIDS-infected / AIDS meal together, and do not want to AIDS / AIDS to live together and accept a haircut, to work with people who were accounted for 64.9%, 63.4%, 41.3% . 30% of the respondents believed that HIV should not allow the health of students and students learning at school.
UNAIDS China Office on behalf of De Shi said that China has a relatively high level of discrimination, and discrimination that would hamper the public to avoid infection, prevent infected people receive treatment and care. Wang is also true that in China there are an estimated 700,000 of AIDS / AIDS, 44 million people may not know that they have been infected. For fear of being discriminated against and not dare to accept the check, afraid to expose themselves, there is one of the reasons for this state of affairs.
As a result, the Chinese government in AIDS prevention and control department with the support of UNAIDS, held a "Red Ribbon hoisting ceremony" will be five giant red ribbon (AIDS symbol) hanging in the National Stadium "Bird's Nest", to show the elimination of China AIDS-related discrimination is determined.
High-risk behavior interventions need to be strengthened
The proportion of sexually transmitted cases of gradually rising, with close high-risk sexual behavior.
Wang Zhen, according to shoot monitoring points, 60% of sex workers in the non-use of condoms in sex. UNAIDS, and other institutions conducted the survey showed that 5.1 percent of the respondents in the past year, multiple sexual partners, men accounted for 72.8 percent. There are 10.7 percent of the respondents in a recent six months with their spouses or male / girlfriend other than the sex occurred. In the last two with their spouses or male / girlfriend having sex outside of time, 42% never used condoms.
Wang Zhen said that the Chinese government will continue to increase the heavier the epidemic, such as rural and remote areas and the floating population, young people and other key AIDS education; continue to strengthen the work of behavioral intervention and increase in sex workers and MSM in the crowd Interventions and expand the coverage of interventions; continue to implement the "Four Frees and One Care" policy, the second-line drugs to improve the accessibility, and gradually expand the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS.