宋圭武观点119：谈谈所谓大师问题

大师一般有不同类型。有思想大师、知识大师、艺术大师、技能大师等。思想大师，主要体现在思想深刻创新方面，知识大师，主要体现在知识渊博丰富方面，艺术大师，主要是指艺术领域内的卓越者，技能大师，主要是指在一些技能方面，有卓越表现的人。四类大师在身份上有互相交叉重叠现象，比如，一个人既可能是知识大师，也可能是思想大师，甚至也可能是艺术大师。关于大师，有一个认识误区，一些人总是把知识大师解读为思想大师，这是不对的，二者并不一定合一，但也存在合一的情况。另外，思想大师也不一定就是知识大师，或者也不一定就是艺术大师和技能大师。

在大师队伍里，处于领先位置的，是思想大师。思想大师是所有大师的精神统领。知识大师、艺术大师、技能大师，要攀登各自的高峰，是离不开思想大师的精神支撑的。知识大师、艺术大师、技能大师，若缺乏思想大师的灵魂，则三类大师就是缺乏生命灵魂的塑料花，对社会只具有摆设价值。思想是艺术、知识、技能的灵魂所在。

大师如何产生，有先天的因素，也有后天的因素。对知识大师来说，先天的因素是需要记忆力好，这是最重要的，因为要学富五车没有好的记忆力是不行的。另外，还需要后天的勤奋。对于艺术大师和技能大师来说，虽然后天的努力很重要，但要进入高境界层次，也需要有一些先天的基础。比如，要成为绘画大师，还是需要在绘画方面有一定的天赋较好，若没有先天的基础，虽然后天很努力，但要进入高境界层次，较难。对于思想大师而言，思维的深刻性是最主要的，而一个人思维深刻不深刻也与大脑先天结构有关。另外，后天的社会阅历也很重要。思想大师是思维的深刻性与丰富的社会阅历相结合的结果。另外，要成为思想大师，除思想深刻社会阅历丰富外，还需要极大的社会奉献精神。从这一点看，思想大师往往是最珍贵的，是社会的稀缺品。另外，从大师产生的环境看，在一个缺德的社会，也容易产生众多善于坑蒙拐骗的各类伪大师。

从人生命运看，知识大师、艺术大师、技能大师由于其价值多具有工具价值特征，所以，这三类大师，在生活和社会待遇方面，一般往往比较好。而思想大师，由于多体现价值理性，这容易产生利益冲突问题，所以思想大师一般都是当代社会的边缘人，其命运一般比较坎坷，甚至会成为当代社会的牺牲品，所以思想大师往往也是理想社会的祭品。从长远看，一个真正尊重思想大师的社会，才真正生机盎然，才真正有本质的活力。思想是社会的灵魂，灵魂没有活力，社会必然没有活力。一个不敬畏自己灵魂的社会，必然是野蛮和粗鲁的，必然是不符合理性要求的。好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 119: Talking about the So-called Master

There are different types of masters.There are thought masters, knowledge masters, art masters, skill masters and so on.Thought masters are mainly reflected in profound and innovative thoughts, knowledge masters are mainly reflected in profound and rich knowledge, art masters are mainly referred to the outstanding people in the field of art, and skill masters are mainly referred to the people who have outstanding performance in some skills.The four types of masters have overlapping phenomena in their identities. For example, a person may be both a knowledge master, a thought master, or even an art master.There is a misunderstanding about masters. Some people always interpret knowledge masters as thought masters, which is not correct. The two are not necessarily integrated, but there are also cases of integration.In addition, a thought master is not necessarily a knowledge master, or an art master or a skill master.In the ranks of masters, the leader is a thought master.The thought master is the spiritual leader of all masters.If knowledge masters, art masters and skill masters want to climb their respective peaks, they cannot do without the spiritual support of the thought master. If the knowledge master, art master, skill master lack the soul of the thought master, then the three masters are plastic flowers without life soul, which only have decoration value to the society.Thought is the soul of art, knowledge and skill.How masters are produced, there are congenital factors and acquired factors.For the knowledge master, the congenital factor is the need for a good memory, which is the most important, because to be knowledgeable without a good memory is not enough.In addition, there is also the need for the day after tomorrow's diligence.For the art master and skill master, although the day after tomorrow's efforts are very important, but to enter a high level, there also need to be some congenital foundation.For example, to become a painting master, or need to have a certain talent in painting, if there is no congenital foundation, although the day after tomorrow is very hard, but to enter a high level, it is difficult.For the thought master, the depth of thinking is the most important, and a person's thinking is not deep and deep is also related to the congenital structure of the brain.In addition, the day after tomorrow's social experience is also very important.The thought master is the result of the combination of the depth of thinking and rich social experience.In addition, to become a thought master, in addition to a profound thought and rich social experience, it also needs great social dedication. From this point of view, the thought master is often the most precious, is the scarcity of society.In addition, from the environment of the master, in a lack of ethics in society, it is easy to produce many good at cheating all kinds of pseudo masters.From the life fate, knowledge master, art master, skill master because of its value has the characteristics of instrumental value, so, these three masters, in terms of life and social treatment, generally tend to be better.And the thought master, because it reflects the value of rationality, it is easy to produce conflicts of interest, so the thought master is generally the marginal people of contemporary society, its fate is generally rough, and even become the victims of contemporary society, so the thought master is often the sacrifice of the ideal society.In the long run, a society that truly respects the thought master is really full of vitality, is really essential vitality.Thought is the soul of society, the soul is not vigorous, the society is certainly not vigorous.A society that does not revere its own soul is bound to be savage and rude, and is bound to be irrational.OK, thank you, thank you.