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美研究发现：改造后的干细胞可杀死艾滋病毒
2009年12月23日 09:23 来源：科技日报
美国研究人员首次向人们揭示了经改造后的人类血液干细胞可将目标集中于被艾滋病病毒感染的细胞，并将其杀死。此一进程也许也可用于对抗慢性病毒性疾病。此项研究成果发表在国际学术期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLoS ONE)网络版上，为人类干细胞改造成等同于基因疫苗的可行性提供了原理验证。
加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)艾滋病研究所成员、该校医学院血液和肿瘤科助理教授斯考特·科钦表示，该研究表明此类方法可被用于对人类免疫系统进行改造，特别是专门针对艾滋病病毒感染细胞的T细胞反应。对于引发慢性疾病甚或是各种不同肿瘤的一系列病毒来说，此项研究为进一步开发出可恢复已损害或有缺陷的免疫反应的疗法奠定了基础。
CD8毒性T淋巴细胞是有助于抗击感染的“杀手”T细胞。研究人员从一个艾滋病病毒感染者身上采集了CD8细胞后，鉴别出了作为T细胞受体的分子，其能引导T细胞识别并杀死被艾滋病病毒感染的细胞。这些细胞在摧毁艾滋病病毒感染细胞的同时，其数量并不足以清除来自身体的病毒。因此，研究人员克隆了此受体，并对人类血液干细胞进行了基因改造，然后将干细胞放入已植入小鼠的人体胸腺组织内，从而可对存活生物体内的反应加以研究。
经改造后的干细胞可发育成大量成熟的多功能艾滋病病毒特异性CD8细胞，其能特别针对包含有艾滋病病毒蛋白的细胞发动攻击。研究人员还发现，艾滋病病毒特异性T细胞受体必须与一个个体相匹配，这种方式与移植器官必须与接受者相匹配及其类似。
研究的下一步是要以一种更为先进的模式来测试此种策略，以决定其是否可在人体内正常工作。研究人员还希望能扩展此种方法可对抗的病毒范围。不过，研究结果已表明，此种策略也许是抗击艾滋病和其他病毒性疾病的有效武器。(冯卫东)
U.S. researchers found that: After transformation, the stem cells can kill the HIV virus,
At 09:23 on December 23, 2009 Source: Science and Technology Daily
American researchers revealed for the first time to the people was transformed human blood stem cells can target is focused on HIV infected cells and kill it. This process may also be used to combat chronic viral diseases. The research results were published in international academic journal "Public Library of Science Integrated" (PLoS ONE) online, in order to be transformed into human stem cells equivalent to the feasibility of DNA vaccine provides a principle of verification.
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) AIDS Institute, a member of the University School of Medicine assistant professor of blood and oncology Cochin Scott said the study shows that such methods can be used to transform the human immune system, in particular, are specific to HIV-infected cells, T-cell response. For the cause of chronic diseases, or even a series of different tumor viruses for this study in order to further develop a resume has been damaged or defective immune response laid the foundation for therapy.
CD8-toxic T lymphocytes help to fight infection "killer" T cells. Researchers from an HIV-infected persons who collected the CD8 cells, identified as a T-cell receptor molecules, it can guide the T cell recognition and killing by HIV-infected cells. These cells to destroy HIV infected cells at the same time, their number is not sufficient to clear the virus from the body. Therefore, the researchers cloned the receptor, and human blood stem cells were genetically modified, and then stem cells have been implanted into mice, the human thymus tissue, which can survive in vivo biological response to be studied.
Was transformed stem cells can grow into a large number of sophisticated multi-functional HIV-specific CD8 cells, it can specifically target HIV proteins contain the cells to attack. The researchers also found that HIV-specific T-cell receptor must be an individual match in this way with the organ transplant recipient must match and similar.
The next step is to use a more advanced model to test this strategy in order to determine whether it could work in the human body. The researchers also hope to extend this method to fight the virus range. However, the findings have shown that this strategy may be to fight AIDS and other viral diseases of the effective weapon. (Feng Weidong)
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