对艾滋患者:请恢复正常目光


对艾滋患者:请恢复正常目光

 
本报记者 周凯莉

中青在线-中国青年报    2009-10-28    
 

    20年来,这名女学者一直在努力说服人们更平等地对待艾滋病患者。为此,她举办讲座,四处调研,和形形色色的人打交道。但这一切收效并不大,她深深体会到人们对艾滋病患者的不了解和敌意,也在推进立法的过程中遭到挫折。但她仍然在坚持——

夏国美

    夏国美花了整整20年时间,来劝说人们更平等地对待艾滋病患者。但她至今讲不出几个让人感到鼓舞的故事。

    在上海社会科学院那间不足20平方米的办公室里,她能记起的故事都辛酸或悲哀。她提起一个云南年轻人的经历。在单位体检中,他被发现感染了艾滋病病毒。他打算辞职,没想到,领导们早已在会议室坐成一排,宣布“你得了艾滋病”。

    这个“当场就被扒光衣服”的年轻人,羞愤之下,设计了几个自杀方案,即便如此,他还担心死后会连累家人。

    这是夏国美遇见的艾滋病患者经历中,很寻常的一例。她第一次接触到艾滋病感染者,是在上海疾病控制中心。当时,一名男子被确诊感染艾滋病病毒,此后几年中,他的妻子很少踏出家门,几乎断绝了所有社会交往;他们的孩子被迫退学,因为在学校,大家都知道“他爸爸得了艾滋病”;甚至,医生也拒绝给这对夫妻看病。

    这名54岁的女学者用“残酷如地狱”来形容中国艾滋病患者的处境。为了了解这种处境,她每年要花上一多半时间,跑到云南、四川、贵州、新疆等地方进行调研。她的调研对象包括性工作者、吸毒者,其中许多是艾滋病感染者,是她嘴里“像老鼠一样的人”。

    这让她在周围许多人眼里“有点奇怪”。在上海市社会科学院的院子里,来访者只要报出她的名字,那个清洁工就会努努嘴儿,尖着嗓门笑:“喏,侬要找那个发安全套的教授啊。”

    一个阳光灿烂的下午,这个短头发的上海女人爬上办公室里的大凳子,从书柜顶上挪下一个大箱子,打开,里面装满了某个品牌的安全套。第二天,她就要出发去云南调研。像以前每一回一样,她这次还是要带上这一大箱安全套,发放给调研对象。

    但夏国美深知,这些人需要的,远不止一箱安全套。

    几乎所有朋友都接到过夏国美的电话,请他们支持“为艾滋病人做一点事情”。这些事情包括开办专家讲座、免费培训、募集药品。

    她为中国艾滋病知识的普及程度太低而苦恼。当她带着学生,搬着大箱子,跑进发廊、美容院和足浴城分发安全套时,那些染了黄头发、穿了渔网袜的姑娘总是笑着问她:“夏老师,艾滋病不是外国人的病吗?”

    更让她不安的是其他人对艾滋病的态度。有一次,她被一家公司的领导赶了出来。当时,她来到那家完全陌生的公司,想在这里举办一场关于艾滋病的讲座。对方青筋暴突,忙着摆手:“我们这里没有艾滋病的,不要不要。”

    还有一次,一名疾病控制中心的官员找到她,请她帮忙解决一件“麻烦事”。一个发廊女感染了艾滋病毒,可是没有人能说服她离开。

    夏国美记得,该官员锁紧眉头说:“我打算去告诉老板,让老板逼她走。”

    “不可以!绝对不可以!”夏国美激动地回答。她提出,我国《艾滋病防治条例》规定,艾滋病患者拥有唯一的知情权,以及告知他人的权利。

    但她清楚,这在中国并不现实。上海市有关部门对艾滋病立法曾有一个想法,“若艾滋病患者30天内未主动告知其配偶,有关部门有权代替本人告知配偶”。在讨论会现场,夏国美举手反对。

    “比如你吃了坏东西,拉肚子。别人可以指责你,但没有权利歧视你,让你无路可走,”夏国美说,“和肠胃炎一样,艾滋病也是一种病,如此而已。”

    最后,有关部门取消了这个设想。不过夏国美觉得,这些侵犯艾滋病人隐私权的观念,就像一枚枚定时炸弹,可能引起不堪设想的后果。

    “艾滋病病人的心理都是很脆弱的,这个社会给他们的压力太大了。”夏国美认识的一名艾滋病感染者,在上班的时候,定了闹钟,按时吃药。一个同事看到了,随口问了句:“你定闹钟干吗,吃什么药呢?”当场,这个病人便情绪崩溃了。

    从2004年起,作为上海社科院艾滋病社会政策研究中心主任、联合国艾滋病规划署的中国组顾问,夏国美开始努力推动制定一项反对艾滋病歧视的法律。

    有不少专家不理解“这种正视社会边缘人群”的态度,甚至质疑她“把这些人放上台面,不光彩”。

    但在夏国美看来,对艾滋病这种社会问题,最好的办法,就是通过研究,给决策者提供有效的解决方法,通过合理的制度设计,去帮助更多的人,而法律的制定是其中最为重要的环节。

    她带领一批专家,启动了立法项目的调研工作,并决定去“倾听不同人群声音”。调研中,她和项目组的成员一遍又一遍地对性工作者、吸毒者或艾滋病感染者重复说:“希望在国家制定艾滋病政策的过程中,听见你们的声音。”

    她脱下黑色职业装,摘下无边框眼镜,以朋友而不是学者的身份去接近艾滋病患者群体。有一次,她遇到一个49岁的农村妇女,她两鬓斑白,从事卖淫长达25年,夏国美亲自为她搬来一张同样高的皮椅子。

    她有些刻意地通过这种做法,来向对方表达“一种平等和尊重的态度”。

    2006年,以夏国美为主,一批专家曾在详尽的调研、论证之后,出台了《上海艾滋病防治条例(专家建议稿)》。这被称为国内第一个由民间力量主导拟定的地方性艾滋病法规。

    在这份专家建议稿中,她曾想提出,建立对艾滋病人立法救助的规范体制。实施方法则是,由居委会负责调查病人的家庭经济状况,给予经济困难的艾滋病患者一定的物质援助。

    不过很快,她改变了主意。上海有一个50多岁的艾滋病人,长年来依靠妻子每月500元的退休金生活。尽管如此,一听说经济援助,他却吓得全身发抖。这个不久于人世的男人严词拒绝:“拿了这钱,以后谁和我的父母打麻将,我的小孩子怎么找对象!”

    这件事情让夏国美感叹了很长时间。她曾在美国做艾滋病的调研工作,那里的人们“会用正常的目光”看待艾滋病。一个叫大卫的艾滋病人还获得了全社会的支持和帮助。他勇敢地站出来,用亲身经历告诉周围的人,“什么可以做,什么不可以做”。

    不过,这份“专家建议稿”上递之后,在此后的3年里杳无音讯,夏国美一度不知道这份耗费了他们心血的建议稿落在何处。她表示,不久前,国家修订相关艾滋病防治条例时,对这份意见稿“已有体现,尽管只是精神上的”。这让她颇感安慰。

    此后,夏国美又在2007~2008年间介入了新型毒品与艾滋病感染的研究,并为吸毒者设立了专门的艾滋病讲堂。今年开始,她的课题又变成了“娱乐服务业女性的行为干预”,为此,她设计了一套健康教育的方法,选取了一些性工作者群体,进行试验。

    试验前,她给两个群体发放了同样的调查问卷,收集了相关数据。然后,她对其中一个群体进行同伴教育,另一个群体则不加干涉。她分别在6个月、9个月之后进行两次考察,并在实地进行调查。

    她兴奋地表示,如果这个方法成功,这将对性工作者这一群体的艾滋病预防工作产生重大意义。

    她一直关注的反对歧视艾滋病患者事业,也传来一些好消息。夏国美听说,上海的艾滋病患者最近自行成立了一个民间协会。这些艾滋病人,通过网络交流,建立了初步的信任。在这个封闭的群体里,他们“不戴墨镜,也不系口罩”,出示个人真实的姓名、职业,进行了正常的人际交流。并且,他们还邀请一些专家,购买指定药品,展开自救活动。

    据说,夏国美刚知道这个消息时,高兴得手舞足蹈。不过,她事后同样清醒地承认,在中国,艾滋病人要“生活在阳光下”,还有漫长的路要走。

    下班的时候,这个中年女学者经常在地铁上遇到她访问过的艾滋病感染者。在她眼里,这些人和平常的朋友并没什么区别。她总是轻轻走上前去,笑着跟他们打招呼:“侬好哦。”

   

Of HIV patients: Please return to normal vision
Reporter Kelly Zhou

Youth Online - China Youth Daily 2009-10-28

     The past 20 years, this female scholars have been trying to convince people more equal treatment of AIDS. To this end, she lectures, 4 research, and all sorts of people to deal with. But all there has not been great, and she deeply felt lack of understanding of people with AIDS and hostility, but also to promote the legislative process suffered a setback. But she still insisted --
Mei Xia

     Mei Xia It took 20 years to persuade people to be more equal treatment of AIDS. But she has lost for a few people feel encouraged by the story.

     Between the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences was less than 20 square meters of office, she could remember of the stories are sad, or sad. She mentioned a young man in Yunnan experience. In the unit examination, he was found to be infected with HIV. He intends to resign, did not expect that the leaders had to sit in a conference room in a row, declared that "you've got AIDS."

     This "on the spot had been stripped naked," the young man, Xiufen under the design of several suicide program, but even so, he also worried that death would trouble the family.

     This is the US Xia met with AIDS experience, a very unusual example. Her first exposure to HIV-infected persons, Centers for Disease Control in Shanghai. At that time, a man was diagnosed with HIV infection, after a few years, his wife, seldom leaving home, almost cut off all social interaction; their children were forced to drop out, because in school, we all know, "his father got AIDS "; and even the doctor refused to give the couple a doctor.

     This 54-year-old female scholars of "brutal as hell" to describe the situation of AIDS patients in China. In order to understand this situation, she takes a year most of the time, went to Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and other places to research. Her research targets, including sex workers, drug addicts, many of which are HIV-infected persons, is her mouth, "like a rat the same people."

     This gives her the eyes of many people around, "a bit strange." In the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences in the courtyard, visitors need only reported out of her name, that will be Nunoo Zuier cleaners, pointed with his voice laughed: "Well, Nong to find a professor that made condoms ah."

     A sunny afternoon, the short hair of the Shanghai office of a woman climbed the big bench, from the bookcase, under a big box on top of Norway, open, filled with a certain brand of condoms. The next day, she would leave for Yunnan research. Each time the same as before, she still have to bring this in this large box of condoms distributed to research objects.

     However, Xia America know that these people need much more than a box of condoms.

     Almost all my friends have received any Xia beautiful phone, ask them to support "for AIDS patients to do something." These events included the start-up expert lectures, free training, raising drugs.

     Her knowledge of China's AIDS prevalence is too low to distress. When she took the students, Ban Zhao large box, ran into the hair salon, beauty salon and foot massage city handing out condoms, those dyed blond hair and girls wearing fishnet stockings is always with a smile asked her: "Summer teachers, AIDS is not disease of foreigners it? "

     Gengrang she was disturbed by the attitude of other people on AIDS. On one occasion, she was the leadership of a company driven out. At that time, she came home was completely unknown company, would like to host a seminar on AIDS. The other red with rage suddenly busy waved: "We do not have AIDS, do not do."

     On another occasion, a Centers for Disease Control officials to find her, ask her to help solve a "trouble." 1 Fa Langnv infected with the HIV virus, but no one can convince her to leave.

     Xia Mei recalled that, the official locking his brow, said: "I intend to tell the boss, so boss forced her to go."

     "No! Absolutely can not!" Xia US excited reply. She suggested that China's "AIDS Prevention Act," provides that AIDS has the sole right to know and inform the rights of others.

     But she was aware that this is not the reality in China. AIDS legislation relevant departments in Shanghai had an idea, "If AIDS is not within 30 days of the initiative to inform their spouses, I informed the authorities have the right to replace the spouse." During the discussion will be the scene, Xia raise their hands against the United States.

     "When you eat bad things, diarrhea. Other people can blame you, but there is no discrimination, the right to you so that you no way out," Xia said the United States, "and, like gastroenteritis, AIDS is a disease, and so just."

     Finally, the authorities canceled the idea. However, Xia America think these violations of privacy, the concept of AIDS, like pieces of a bomb that could cause disastrous consequences.

     "Psychology of AIDS patients are very vulnerable, this social pressure on them too much." Xia-US understanding of a HIV-infected persons, the time at work, set the alarm clock, take medicine on time. A colleague to see, and asked casually, saying: "You have alarm Why, What kind of medicine do?" On the spot, the patient will be emotional collapse.

     From 2004 onwards, as the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Director of the Center for Social Policy Studies of AIDS, UNAIDS China's team of consultants, Xia United States began efforts to promote the development of an AIDS against discrimination.

     Many experts do not understand "This kind of socially marginalized groups face" attitude, and even questioned her "put these people tops, disgraceful."

     However, Xia US view, this social problem of AIDS, the best way is through research, to decision-makers to provide an effective solution, through a rational system is designed to help more people, and the law is formulated in an One of the most important aspects.

     She led a group of experts to start the research work of the legislative project, and decided to "listen to voices of different groups of people." Investigation, she and the project team members over and over again on the sex workers, drug users or HIV infected person to repeat that: "I hope at the national AIDS policy formulation process, to hear your voice."

     She took off the black business wear, take off his glasses without borders, a friend, rather than the identity of scholars to get close to groups of people living with AIDS. On one occasion, she met a 49-year-old rural women, she Liangbinbanbai engaged in prostitution for 25 years, Xia America for her personally moved a the same high leather chairs.

     She some deliberately By doing so, to express to each other, "an equal and respectful attitude."

     In 2006, in order to Xia US-based group of experts who detailed research, demonstration after the introduction of the "Shanghai AIDS Prevention Act (expert Proposal)." This is called the first domestic non-governmental forces led by a local AIDS in developing laws and regulations.

     Experts suggest that in this draft, she wanted to propose, and establish norms of AIDS relief legislation system. Implementation of the method is from the neighborhood committee responsible for investigating the patient's family financial situation, given the economic difficulties of the AIDS patients some material assistance.

     But soon, she changed her mind. Shanghai has a 50-year-old AIDS, for many years they can rely on his wife a monthly pension of 500 yuan living. Still, one heard of economic aid, but he shakes with fright. The man died shortly sternly refused: "took the money, and my parents, who after playing mahjong, how to find the object of my children!"

     This matter for Xia America laments a long time. She has AIDS in the United States to do research work, where people "will use the normal eye" view of AIDS. One called David's AIDS also received support and help society as a whole. He dared to stand up, using personal experience to tell the people around, "what to do and what not to do."

     However, this "expert advice is issued," on the delivery later, in the next three years, stagnate, Xia America once did not know the cost of their effort falls where the draft proposals. She said that not long ago, the State to amend the relevant AIDS prevention and control regulations, the comments on this draft "has been reflected, albeit spiritual." This makes her quite comforting.

     Since then, Xia again in America between 2007 and 2008 involved a new type of drugs and HIV infection, and AIDS drug users set up a special auditorium. Beginning of this year, she also became the subject of "entertainment services women's acts of intervention" To this end, she designed a health education method, select a number of sex workers groups for trials.

     Before the test, she issued to the two groups, the same questionnaire, collected data. Then, she was one of the peer education groups, and the other group is not to stop this. She was at 6 months, 9 months after the two visits, and in the field to investigate.

     She excitedly said that if this method successfully, it will be sex workers in this group of AIDS prevention work of great significance.

     She has been concerned about the cause of AIDS patients against discrimination, but also came some good news. Xia Mei heard that AIDS patients in Shanghai has recently set up a non-governmental association of its own. These AIDS, through the network communication, the establishment of an initial trust. In this closed group, they "do not wear sunglasses, or the Department of masks," to show her real name, occupation, carried out the normal interpersonal communication. And, they also invited some experts, purchase the designated drugs, start self-help activities.

     It is said that Xia America just know that this message, danced for joy. However, she later also clearly recognize that in China, and AIDS should be "living in the sun," still has a long way to go.

     Work time, this middle-aged female academics have frequently met her in the subway last visited AIDS. In her eyes, these people did what the difference between ordinary friends. She was always gently walked up, smiled and greeted them with: "Nong Hao E."
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2009-10-28    文章录入:nnb ]

 

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