印度哲学问答


  问:什么是“无明”?人们应该如何理解“无明”?
答:所谓“无明”(avidya)就是错把虚假的当成了真实,把“非我”当成了“自我”,把“不纯洁的”当成了“纯洁的”,而且这些苦痛的源头被错认为快乐之源。世界是短暂而又流动不居的,是一种虚幻。可是我们总以为它是真实的、永恒的。我们事实上是永恒的纯粹的“自我”,却反错把我们的身体当成了“自我”。物理的身体满是不洁的体液和物质,可是我们却把它作为纯洁和悦人事物而溺于其中。虽然追逐财富和后裔是导致苦恼和捆绑的根源,我们仍然以之为愉悦之道。这就是“无明”。只要你把你自己仅视为身体,把世界认为是真实的,而且执着于它,就意味着你在无明的影响之下喘息。
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问:你总是说我们具有神性,可是为什么我们不能感觉到这一点?
答:无视于我们的神性,我们的为人处事就成了感觉和尘世诱惑的奴仆。我们把自己误认为是物质,仅仅是身意的合体。只有当我们确信自我本质的神性一面,我们的念想和行为才能发生改变。
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问;如何能够克服这种无明呢?
答:首先我们必须倾听到关于我们神性的信息——只能从一个完全意识到他的(或她的)神圣本性(阿特曼)的人那里听到。这样的人被称为古鲁。一旦我们听到它,我们必须深入地思索这一事件。当我们将此一真理内化,我们的生命就显示出这种内在的神性。
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问:为什么一个人必须去了解阿特曼?这是必须的实践?
答:阿特曼即自性。去了解阿特曼意味着去知道我们真正是谁,“去知道我们是谁”之所以是重要的是因为我们的行为是依据我们对自我的设想。一个人的行为象人而不象动物是因为他认定自己是人。如果你认定自己的神性,你的行为也自然会显示这一点。因此,以神性(或阿特曼)来设定自己,对一个人的生命和人格会有转折性的影响。辩喜就是这么说:
“教育你自己,教育每一个人的真实本性,唤醒沉睡的灵魂,直到它的觉醒。力会到来,荣耀会到来,神会到来,纯洁会到来,当那灵魂从沉睡中苏醒过来,去自觉地行动,所有优秀的事物都会如期到来。”
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问:为什么不是所有的人都能够表达出他们的神性?
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答:主要原因是;我们已经忘了它,忘却之后,我们又以感觉、头脑和自己来确认自我。一旦我们开始了朝向自我本性的旅程,我们将努力去除我们的错误性。这就是为什么我们唤它为精神生命的缘故。不管我们是否表达我们的神性,事实是我们神性的固有存在。象一颗树隐于种子一样,我们的神圣自性也这样地隐藏着。
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Question: What is ignorance? How does one understand ignorance?
Answer: Ignorance (avidya) is to mistake the unreal as real, the non-self as Self, the impure as pure and to consider that which leads to suffering as the source of happiness. The world is transient, ever-changing and illusory; yet we consider it to be real and permanent. We are in reality the pure eternal Self, yet we consider our body as the Self. The physical body is full of impure liquids and substances but we dote on it as something pure and desirable. Though running after wealth and progeny is the root cause of suffering and bondage, we consider them to be the source of happiness. This is ignorance. As long as you consider yourself to be the body and the world as real and cling on them, you are under the influence of ignorance.
问:什么是“无明”?人们应该如何理解“无明”?
答:所谓“无明”(avidya)就是错把虚假的当成了真实,把“非我”当成了“自我”,把“不纯洁的”当成了“纯洁的”,而且这些苦痛的源头被错认为快乐之源。世界是短暂而又流动不居的,是一种虚幻。可是我们总以为它是真实的、永恒的。我们事实上是永恒的纯粹的“自我”,却反错把我们的身体当成了“自我”。物理的身体满是不洁的体液和物质,可是我们却把它作为纯洁和悦人事物而溺于其中。虽然追逐财富和后裔是导致苦恼和捆绑的根源,我们仍然以之为愉悦之道。这就是“无明”。只要你把你自己仅视为身体,把世界认为是真实的,而且执着于它,就意味着你在无明的影响之下喘息。
Question: You said that we are divine. Then why do we not feel it?
Answer: Unaware of our divine nature, we behave as slaves of senses and all worldly temptations. We mistake ourselves as matter, as body-mind complex. Only when we get convinced of our real nature as divine that our thoughts and actions will change.
问:你总是说我们具有神性,可是为什么我们不能感觉到这一点?
答:无视于我们的神性,我们的为人处事就成了感觉和尘世诱惑的奴仆。我们把自己误认为是物质,仅仅是身意的合体。只有当我们确信自我本质的神性一面,我们的念想和行为才能发生改变。
Question: How to overcome this ignorance?
Answer: First we must hear that we are divine--only from a person who has fully realized his or her divine nature (atman). Such a person is called guru. Once we hear it, we must deeply ponder over it. When we internalise this truth, our life manifests this inherent divinity.
问;如何能够克服这种无明呢?
答:首先我们必须倾听到关于我们神性的信息——只能从一个完全意识到他的(或她的)神圣本性(阿特曼)的人那里听到。这样的人被称为古鲁。一旦我们听到它,我们必须深入地思索这一事件。当我们将此一真理内化,我们的生命就显示出这种内在的神性。
Question: Why should one bother about knowing the Atman? It is not necessarily practical.
Answer: Atman means Self. To know Atman means to know who we really are. To know who we are is important because we act according to what we think of ourselves. A human being acts like a human being and not as an animal because he thinks that he is a human being. If you know that you are divine, you will act accordingly. Thus, to know oneself as divine or Atman, has a transforming effect on one''s life and personality. Said Swami Vivekananda,
''Teach yourselves, teach everyone his real nature, call upon the sleeping soul and see how it awakes. Power will come, glory will come, goodness will come, purity will come, and everything that is excellent will come when this sleeping soul is roused to self-conscious activity.''
问:为什么一个人必须去了解阿特曼?这是必须的实践?
答:阿特曼即自性。去了解阿特曼意味着去知道我们真正是谁,“去知道我们是谁”之所以是重要的是因为我们的行为是依据我们对自我的设想。一个人的行为象人而不象动物是因为他认定自己是人。如果你认定自己的神性,你的行为也自然会显示这一点。因此,以神性(或阿特曼)来设定自己,对一个人的生命和人格会有转折性的影响。辩喜就是这么说:
“教育你自己,教育每一个人的真实本性,唤醒沉睡的灵魂,直到它的觉醒。力会到来,荣耀会到来,神会到来,纯洁会到来,当那灵魂从沉睡中苏醒过来,去自觉地行动,所有优秀的事物都会如期到来。”
Question: Why cannot all men express their divinity?
Answer: The main reason is that we have forgotten it. Having forgotten it, we then identify ourselves with senses or mind or ego. Once we start our journey towards gaining our real identity, we struggle with removing our wrong identities and that is what is called spiritual life. Whether or not we express our divinity, the fact remains that we are divine. Like a tree hidden in a seed, our divine nature remains hidden.
问:为什么不是所有的人都能够表达出他们的神性?

答:主要原因是;我们已经忘了它,忘却之后,我们又以感觉、头脑和自己来确认自我。一旦我们开始了朝向自我本性的旅程,我们将努力去除我们的错误性。这就是为什么我们唤它为精神生命的缘故。不管我们是否表达我们的神性,事实是我们神性的固有存在。象一颗树隐于种子一样,我们的神圣自性也这样地隐藏着。
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