鱼与熊掌

　　在经历人生的跌宕起伏后，你决定给自己一个假期修整一下。茫茫人海，何处是落脚的地方呢？最后，来到了小弟的家，一边休养一边寻找生存的依赖，几经周折，终于在陌生的他乡遇到了赏识自己的人---几个可以做自己孩子的小年青人，有了暂时能安身立命之地的你充满感激地发奋工作，几个月后，环境迫使你再次面临选择。面对知遇之恩与更好的工作环境，有点鱼与熊掌难以取舍的味道。经过再三犹豫，反复思考，你希望先求生存，以后再......

　　工作上的交接要开始了，一件最棘手的事是暂时没有合适的人来接，约定的时间和工作该怎么办呢？

　　Subvocalization is a compulsive speaking aloud of words as they are read. This may be at an inaudible and sub-conscious level, but is nevertheless expressing perceived words in equivalent movements of the tongue and larynx - a kinaesthetic representation. While this habit in itself is not the sole cause of slow reading, it prevents you from reading past 200-300 words per minute, the maximum speaking rate in the English language. If you say the words to yourself (even silently) as you read, you will never be able to read any faster than the maximum speaking rate. This is known as the "subvocalization barrier".

　　We were first taught to read in grade school by saying words and sentences out loud. While we quickly stopped saying everything out loud, many of us never stopped saying the words in our heads. We have been doing it for so long that it is become one of the hardest slow-reading habits to break. There have been tests done involving brain scans that show that you don't need to subvocalize in order to understand what you read. However, there is also some evidence that subvocalization boosts your short term retention by a few seconds. Your short term memory can only hold around seven items at a time. If you are reading in small chunks - say a word at a time, and you do not subvocalize you may not retain all the words long enough to put it all together and extract the meaning of the sentence. The meaning is what you remember over the long term. If you read larger groups of words at a time, and you can read a whole sentence in maybe three or four chunks, you will find that subvocalization is no longer necessary

　　Generally speaking, therefore, subvocalization is unnecessary to the adult reader, except perhaps when reading poetry (in which case rhythm, rhyme, and alliteration are an important component, and so subvocalization may add to the enjoyment when poetry is read silently.)

　　Becoming a more efficient reader requires a visual reading strategy. You must silence subvocalization and learn to "trust your eyes". This involves shifting your mental reading process from "see->say->understand" to just "see->understand". One way to reduce subvocalizing (saying words in your head while reading) is to increase the rate at which your eyes move across the page to the point where it is impossible to subvocalize. This means switching your reading strategy to a point whereby you notice gulps of words at each eye resting point. When I did this recently, I noticed that I was still understanding what I was reading but in a different way. I caught myself thinking: "But now I'm not really reading." In other words, part of my mind still believed that the definition of reading was to look at every word and sound it out in my mind.

　　A reader trying to reduce subvocalization, will find s/he is able to detect misunderstood words more easily, because s/he will revert to subvocalization as s/he strives to give meaning to the unfamiliar. If you find yourself suddenly subvocalizing, this is a strong indication that you have just gone past a word that is misunderstood, or a group of words forming a concept that does not make sense. Misunderstood words should each be defined and then the concept re-evaluated.

　　Exercises:

　　Step 1. Count out loud from one to ten repeatedly, whilst reading the page silently. Counting out loud will occupy the motor-vocal system, so that the mind is unable to subvocalize.

　　Step 2.When you are able to read silently whilst counting out loud, then begin to read silently and to count silently at the same time using sub-vocalization.

　　An alternative method to counting is to say or subvocalize a repeated "Eee ... eee ... eee ..." which has the same effect of occupying the vocal-motor system. Get plenty of practice with Steps 1 & 2, so that this skill is fully acquired.

　　Step 3. Once you can read silently whilst counting silently, begin to increase your reading speed. When your reading speed exceeds 360 w.p.m., subvocalization is limited by the speed of motoric response.

　　Step 4. Now that you can leave behind any subvocalization, it is time to add more character to the inner speech, so that it is not just a silent stream of thought but is also a stream of visualization. Image the dialogue of the novel, adopting different voices in your inner speech to suit the characters. This should further differentiate your thought-stream from subvocalization, which would always tend to be a reflection of your own voice. At the same time, visualize the scenarios of the story, hear the environmental sounds, smell all the various scents, and feel the emotions portrayed.

　　Another way to look at this issue of subvocalization is that you should develop multiple reading strategies, some of which may include subvocalization.

　　You should develop multiple reading styles that can be applied based on the unique demands of each situation.

　　这个冬天异常的寒冷，少衣，更寂寞。零下的温度把心沉沦于一片干涩而荒凉的土地。白雪皑皑的道路，有许许多多的记忆在这里停留。是什么，让心在这个季节炽烈不息，是什么，让你在不停的煎熬。当你写下这些字的时候，你的心渐渐的平静了许多。就像夏日里的火烧云，从平缓到执着，到狂妄，再平静下来。你就为了感慨，为了希望，就将这些琐碎打散而这些东西，给记忆。

许许多多的东西都被时光所遗忘，遗失在春天的牧场，遗失在秋天，最后随着零落的叶子被埋葬在这里，辗成悲伤。许多柔韧的质感，许多的琐碎，经过反复的淘洗之后，也就剩不下什么了。站在此刻坚硬而冰冷的土地上，来不及伤春悲秋，末世繁华的季节，许许多多的人在忙碌，而自己在茫茫人海中又能算的上什么呢？！或许，只能不停的寻找，就像一个孤独的孩子，拿着灯笼，等待着宿命，等待着寂寞的消逝。

　　在荒凉的街道，在珊阑的灯火下，在路的两旁不断流淌的街灯。馄饨的天地，在雪花的包围下，异常的冷清。你轻轻地把头仰起，凝视着那短暂的瞬间，偶尔会有一片装进单薄的衣裳，然后刺激着心脏。苍白的光景，无常的夜。你在殆尽的灯光下，呈现着你纯粹的容颜。　　

灯火下，枯涩的的岛上，时光匆匆，刻下了多少斑驳的痕迹，轻坐在记忆的肩头，看着日月星辰，看着许许多多的悲欢离合，用自己骇世惊俗的文字描述着眼中静止而无聊的世界。不知道自己最后会到哪里，又会流浪到何处，只是知道用自己的体温去维持着自己的生命。只是辗转的血管缠绕在了身体的每个缝隙，又要靠什么去解脱自己呢？

　　空荡的城市，无人的街道。在记忆的深处，应该拿什么去繁衍生息我们的那些记忆，更应该怎样去淘洗他们呢？许多的东西，只能怪我们有太多的差异，只能怪后悔来不及的初始，就像那盛夏的果实，一点一点地散发着香气，然后迷惑着我们，令人陶醉，而当我们回头的时候，一切都已经不在。

　　枯燥的生活，静静地等待，等待着许多反复的秘密，看着窗外的雪花，看着繁杂的空荡的清凉的涣散的梦想，总是在想，自己一直在漂泊，那又拿为了自己的目标而寻找什么呢？我们最终想去哪里呢？偶尔，在孤单的最深处，都藏着许多的欺骗与背叛。对于现实，又有什么能力去改变呢？我们就像行走在不是一条路径的两个人，偶尔相遇，但不相交，最后在我们的身旁就会有一阵风吹过，让我们再分开。最后，我们澄澈的记忆里，只剩下了当初的美好，与其不如这样，反而更尴尬。只是，真的不喜欢孤独，是不是只能等待，一直到最后。

　　缱绻着歌唱，许多寂寞，许多冷清的烟火，都在此刻燃烧，剩下漆黑的杂质，然后沉浸在凄凉且涂黑的夜空之中，隐藏着自己淡淡的忧伤。同时也暗藏着许多星星点点的梦想，最后完全融入在其中，深沉而无力。你，注视着冬季，一直站在原地等待，等待着下一个季节，等待着有人陪着看冷清的星星点点，冷清的烟火。 

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