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南非性开放助推艾滋蔓延 年轻人态度“无所谓”
2010-07-05 06:44 来源：长沙晚报
南非艾滋病孤儿塔法泽瓦拿着玫瑰花，祭奠死于艾滋病的母亲。CFP供图
来源：长沙晚报
南非，不仅是世界杯的主办国，更是众所周知的艾滋病高发地区。在世界杯赛事休整期，本报记者在约翰内斯堡采访了部分医生、艾滋病患者，试图通过这些真实的人和事，告诉你一个真实而又特别的南非。
据联合国权威机构统计，截至2010年1月，南非4932万人口中，有超过570万人为艾滋病病毒携带者。无论是艾滋病人口比例，还是艾滋病患病率，南非都高居全球之首。因此，世界杯开始之前，不少国家都向那些想去南非看世界杯比赛的球迷发出警告：“最好不要去酒吧，那里是艾滋病的源头，即便发生性行为，也一定不要忘记使用避孕套。”
那么南非的艾滋病患病率究竟有多高呢？据了解，15岁至19岁人群的艾滋病感染率为12.9%，20岁至24岁人群的感染率约为20%，最高感染率是25岁至29岁的人群，他们之中有37.9%的几率感染上艾滋病。南非媒体分析，“这个年龄段正是性生活最频繁、最混乱的阶段，也是世界杯球迷最多的年龄段”。
更让人担心的是，世界杯期间，约有4万名外国妓女通过各种渠道前往南非，追求所谓的“世界杯性经济”，其中不少妓女正是艾滋病病毒携带者。
在约翰内斯堡的富人区——桑顿区，坐落着这个城市最大的公立医院——约堡公立医院。许多贫穷的人因为无力负担医药费，都会选择来这里取药，其中就包括约堡数量庞大的艾滋病人。不费什么力气，记者就发现了某个取药窗口排了一条特别长的队，那正是艾滋病人免费拿药的地方。
排队的人群中，有的人看到陌生人就会躲闪，有的人却完全无所谓。在承诺不会拍摄照片之后，克拉克医生带领我们走近了他们，让记者顺利采访了数名艾滋病患者。
但愿她们的故事，只是故事，而不是常常重复的现实。
故事1 她，有一段痛苦回忆
姓名：芭芭拉
年龄：20岁
艾滋病病史：3年
在医院排队的人群中，一个打扮有些土气、但双眼依旧不失光泽的姑娘引起了记者的注意。从记者进入医院大厅那一刻起，这名叫芭芭拉的姑娘就始终躲闪着记者，克拉克医生告诉记者：“芭芭拉的经历有些痛苦，请你注意不要伤害到她。”
于是，记者小心翼翼地邀请芭芭拉坐下，并为她买了一瓶饮料，在她完全放松之后，才听到了一个极为悲惨的故事。今年20岁的芭芭拉出生于南非著名的黑人聚集地：索维托。和同龄的姑娘所不同的是，芭芭拉并没有很早就去打工，因为她有一个幸福的家庭——父母都有工作。这在索维托是非常难得的。正因为如此，芭芭拉才能顺利地读完中学。
然而，悲剧悄悄袭来。一天放学的路上，眼看就要到家的时候，芭芭拉被一名歹徒抓走，并被强奸。“这样的事情并不少见，我们班上的女同学好多都被强奸过。”芭芭拉苦涩地说，“不过我更倒霉，因为强奸我的是一个艾滋病病毒携带者。”
从17岁患病到现在，已经3年，芭芭拉说，如果不是因为患病，她应该已经上大学，甚至有可能结婚了。“但现在，我什么都不敢想、不敢做。每周我都会来这里取药，然后打工，然后等待死亡。”
【现象】糟糕的治安、淡漠的防范意识……这些社会不安定因素，终于构成了芭芭拉的悲剧，也是造成南非艾滋病发病率高居不下的一大原因。
故事2 她，天生就是艾滋病人
姓名：吉娜
年龄：5岁
艾滋病病史：5年
正当记者结束采访即将离开时，克拉克医生突然叫住了我：“你想认识一下吉娜吗？她只有5岁，而且很开朗，她是所有我们医院艾滋病人的开心果。”说话间，一个黑人小姑娘出现在了记者面前。
“你好，我叫吉娜！”小姑娘大方地说，克拉克医生说，这个名字是医院的医生给她起的，“她的妈妈生下她不久后就去世了，因为艾滋病。”原来，吉娜的母亲怀上吉娜的时候就已经被查出患有艾滋病了，但由于当时胎儿已经很大了，只能把吉娜生下来。可惜吉娜还不到1岁时，妈妈就去世了。
为什么没有将吉娜送到联合国的艾滋病儿童村？克拉克医生还没来得及回答，吉娜抢着说：“不，我就愿意在这里，这里很好，叔叔阿姨对我都很好，我哪儿都不想去。你不是来接我走的吧？”小姑娘一眨一眨的大眼睛充满了警惕，直到记者掏出随身带的薄荷糖，吉娜才没有生气了。
克拉克医生说，像吉娜这样的小女孩在南非还有很多，“许多父母甚至在小孩出生之后，才知道原来自己有艾滋病，所以才会造成许多天生的艾滋病小孩。”最后，克拉克医生摇了摇头，“我也不知道吉娜还能活多久，我们只希望能让她在这里的每一天都开心。”
【现象】从2007年起，南非政府实行了《2007－2011年艾滋病防治国家战略计划》，试图让95%的孕产妇和90%的新生儿接受艾滋病病毒检测，但至今收效甚微。
故事3 他，依旧非常快乐
姓名：卡鲁
年龄：25岁
艾滋病病史：5年
“看着他这副满不在乎的样子我就生气！”克拉克医生指着坐在门口椅子上戴着耳机听音乐的卡鲁向记者介绍，“他是一个南非艾滋病患者的典型，在他身上你会了解到很多东西。”
出生在索维托的卡鲁是个长得很帅的黑人小伙，1.9米左右的身高，加上永远挂在脸上的笑容让他非常招女孩喜欢，“我有很多女朋友，她们都很漂亮，身材很辣，嘿嘿，要不要给你介绍？”和卡鲁的聊天很开心，完全不像在采访一名艾滋病患者。
卡鲁说，他是在5年前的一次血检时查出自己患上艾滋病的，但具体什么时候感染上的，他也不知道。卡鲁现在在一家汽车销售公司上班，有一份稳定的工作。跳舞、喝酒是卡鲁的最爱，每到周末他都会去酒吧，“那里有很好听的音乐，当然也有很多美女。”卡鲁说，南非的女孩很开放，他几乎每次都可以从酒吧带女孩回家过夜，有时候甚至不止一个。至于会不会采取安全措施，那要看当天晚上有没有喝多。
南非黑人的性观念非常开放，在卡鲁看来，性就如同生活中的吃饭穿衣一样重要。卡鲁和南非的很多年轻人一样，性伙伴的数量是他们骄傲的资本。
“艾滋病没什么大不了的。”卡鲁完全没拿艾滋病当回事，现在依旧过着和以前一样的生活。对他来说，生活是用来享受的，他从来没有担心过有一天艾滋病会带走他的生命。
【现象】这是一个对于性很开放的社会，但糟糕的是，由于很多人都抱有无所谓的态度，因此他们往往觉得采不采取安全防范措施也无所谓。
故事4 他，有一点点无奈
姓名：杰森·杨
年龄：43岁
艾滋病病史：4年
在约翰内斯堡的一家私人诊所，记者意外地遇到了一位染上艾滋病的华人——杰森·杨。
“我感染艾滋病已经快4年了。”坐在诊所大厅的角落里，杰森·杨显得有些憔悴。黑色的外套、淡色的牛仔裤，鼻梁上架着一副无框的眼镜，怎么看都不敢相信这是一名身患艾滋病的人。确实，他的故事有些离奇，起码在中国人看来是这样。因为传染艾滋病给他的，是他那位已经过世的妻子。
“她是一个美丽的黑人女孩。”2004年夏天，杰森在德班的沙滩上认识了一位美丽的祖鲁族女导游凯蒂。相恋半年后，两人结婚了并在约堡安了家。回忆起当初的那段甜蜜，杰森原本黯淡的眼睛突然有了神采，“你相信一见钟情吗？我们就是，那一年的德班海边，我们是世界上最幸福的人……”片刻之后，杰森回到了现实，“很多事情是预料不到的。”结婚两年后，在一次体检中，两人同时发现感染上了艾滋病，“我们结婚后，她还和另外一个男人保持着性关系。”说到这里，杰森长长地叹了口气，“我是一个比较传统的中国人，很不能理解她们的想法，在他们看来，生活中除了丈夫还应该拥有一个情人。”杰森和凯蒂的一直感情很好，即便在发现感染艾滋病之后，两人也没有离婚。去年，凯蒂去世了，留下了杰森一人在痛苦中挣扎。
【现象】在南非，华人感染艾滋病的很少，这其中很大的一部分原因是中西方文化的差异。
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South Africa is open to young people, boosting the spread of HIV attitude "does not matter"
2010-07-05 06:44 Source: Changsha Evening News
South African AIDS orphans Tafazewa with roses, and pay homage to the mother died of AIDS. CFP for map
Source: Changsha Evening News
South Africa is not only the World Cup host country, it is well-known areas of high incidence of AIDS. In the rest of World Cup matches, the Johannesburg newspaper reporter interviewed some of the doctors, AIDS patients, these real people and things trying to tell you a real and particularly South Africa.
According to United Nations authority statistics, as of January 2010, South Africa, 4932 million people, there are over 570 million people living with HIV. Whether the proportion of AIDS or AIDS prevalence, South Africa, are highest in the world. Therefore, before the World Cup, many countries look to those who want to go to South Africa World Cup fans warned: "The best do not go to bars, where the source of AIDS, even having sex, but also must not forget to use condoms . "
Then the prevalence of AIDS in South Africa just how high? It is understood that people aged 15 to 19 years of HIV infection rate was 12.9%, 20 to 24 years old about 20% infection rate among the highest infection rate is 25 to 29 age group, 37.9% of them are probability of infection with HIV. South Africa's media analysis, "The age of sexual life is the most frequent and most chaotic phase, is the largest age group World Cup fans."
More worryingly, the World Cup, about 40,000 foreign prostitutes to South Africa through various channels, the pursuit of so-called "World Cup of economy", many of them prostitutes is the AIDS virus.
Rich in Johannesburg area - Thornton area, lies the city's largest public hospital - the Johannesburg public hospitals. Because many poor people can not afford the medical expenses, would choose to come here to get the medicine, including the Johannesburg huge number of people with AIDS. Does not cost any effort, the reporter discovered the medicine from the window a long row of a particular team, that AIDS is a place for free medication.
Queue of people, some people see a stranger would dodge, and some people are completely indifferent. Commitment will not take photos, Clark led a doctor we approached them, the journalists interviewed several successful AIDS.
I hope their stories, just stories, not the oft-repeated reality.
Story of a her painful memories for some
Name: Barbara
Age: 20 years old
AIDS history: 3 years
People queuing in hospitals, a dress up some rustic, but still losing luster eyes girl attracted the attention of reporters. Press into the hospital lobby from the moment it 名叫芭芭拉 girl has always dodge the press, Dr Clark told reporters: "Barbara's experience some pain, please be careful not to hurt her."
Thus, Barbara's invitation to sit down carefully, and as she bought a bottle of drink, after completely relaxed in her only heard a very sad story. 20-year-old Barbara was born in South Africa, gathered in the famous black: Soweto. And girls the same age, the difference is that Barbara did not go early for work because she has a happy family - the parents are working. It is very rare in Soweto. Because of this, Barbara, to successfully finish high school.
However, tragedy struck quietly. One day after school the way, appeared to be at home, when Barbara was taken away by a gang, and was raped. "This thing is not uncommon, a lot of our class of female students were raped." Barbara said bitterly, "but I am even more unlucky, because I was raped a HIV carrier."
Prevalence from 17-year-old has now been 3 years, Barbara, if not because of illness, she should have been to college and may even be married. "But now, I do not dare to think, dare to do. Each week, I will come here to retrieve it, and then working, and then wait for death."
【】 Bad law and order situation, indifferent to prevent awareness of ... ... the social unrest, and finally form the tragedy of Barbara, also contributed to high HIV incidence remains high, South Africa, one of the reasons.
2 of her story, is inherently AIDS
Name: Gina
Age: 5 years
AIDS history: 5 years
Just about to leave after the interview when the reporter, Clark doctors suddenly stopped me: "Do you think you know about Gina? She only 5 years old, and very cheerful, she is all of our hospitals pistachios AIDS." Yuehua Jian, a black girl in front of reporters.
"Hello, my name is Gina!" The girl said generously, Clark said the doctor, the doctor's name is given to her, "her mother died shortly after giving birth to her, because of AIDS." Originally , Gina's mother, when pregnant with Gina had been diagnosed with AIDS, but because the fetus had a great time, and can only be born to Gina. Unfortunately, Gina is less than 1 year old, her mother died.
Why not be sent to the United Nations AIDS Gina Children's Village? Dr Clark has not had time to answer, Gina cut in and said: "No, I will be here, here, well, aunts and uncles are all very good to me, where I do not want to go. You did not come to take me away, right? "A little girl's big eyes blinking wary until the reporter pulled out a player with the mints, Gina was not angry.
Dr Clark said that such a little girl like Gina in South Africa there are many, "Many parents even after the child is born, come to realize that there is AIDS, it will cause many children born with AIDS." Finally, Dr Clark shook his head "I do not know Gina but also Huoduo Jiu, we just want to let her in here every day of fun."
Phenomenon】 【Since 2007, the South African government to implement the "2007-2011 National AIDS Strategic Plan", trying to get 95% and 90% of pregnant women receiving HIV testing of newborns, but has little effect.
3 story he is still very happy
Name: Carew
Age: 25 years old
AIDS history: 5 years
"Watching him this indifference I look angry!" Dr Clark pointed to a chair sitting in front of the Carew wearing headphones listening to music, told this reporter, "He is a typical South African AIDS patients, in him you will learn a lot. "
Born in Soweto in the Karoo is a handsome black guy, 1.9 meters tall, with a smile always on his face he was recruited to girls like, "I have a lot of girlfriends, they are very beautiful tall, very spicy, Hey, want to introduce you? "and Carew chat very happy, nothing like an AIDS patient in the interview.
Carew said he was 5 years ago when a blood test found he was suffering from AIDS, but the specific when infected, and he does not know. Carew is now working at a car sales company, to have a stable job. Dancing, drinking is Carew's favorite, every weekend he would go to bars, "where there is a good listen to the music, of course, there are many beautiful women." Kalu said that South Africa's girls are very open, he can almost always bar with a girl home for the night, sometimes more than one. As to whether to take safety measures, it depends on have not drunk that night.
South Africa's black very open attitude towards sex, in the Karoo seems like sex life is as important as food and clothing. Carew and South Africa, like many young people, the number of sexual partners are proud of their capital.
"AIDS not a big deal." Kalu totally did not take AIDS seriously, and now still live life as before. For him, life is to enjoy, and he never worried about the day when AIDS will take away his life.
【】 This is a phenomenon of sex is very open society, but worse, because many people have indifferent attitude, they tend to think not to take security precautions taken does not matter.
Story 4 him a little bit helpless
Name: Jason Yang
Age: 43 years
AIDS history: 4 years
A private clinic in Johannesburg, the reporter unexpectedly met a Chinese infected with HIV - Jason Yang.
"I'm infected with AIDS is almost 4 years." Sat in a corner of the hall clinic, Jason Young looks a little haggard. Black coat, light colored jeans, nose 上架着一副 frameless glasses, how to look not believe this is a person living with AIDS. Indeed, his story of some strange, at least in the eyes of Chinese people is. Because the transmission of AIDS to him, is his wife who had died.
"She is a beautiful black girl." Summer of 2004, Jason on the beach in Durban to know a beautiful Zulu woman tour guide Katie. After dating for six months, the two married, and their home in Johannesburg. Recalled the original period of sweet, Jason had suddenly had vivid dark eyes, "Do you believe love at first sight? We are, the year of the Durban coast, we are the happiest person in the world ... ..." Shortly after, Jason back to reality, "a lot of things are unexpected." married two years later, in a physical examination, two were also found infected with AIDS, "After our marriage, she and one other sexual relationship with a man . "Having said that, Jason long sigh," I am a more traditional Chinese, it can not understand their way of thinking, in their view of life in addition to her husband should also have a lover. "Jason and Katie's been a very good relationship, even after the discovery of AIDS, they also did not divorce. Last year, Katie died, leaving one person Jason struggling in pain.
】 【Phenomenon in South Africa, very few Chinese AIDS, of which a large part of the reason for this is the difference between Chinese and Western culture.
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