何大一的抗艾新术:开发一种新疫苗


何大一的抗艾新术:开发一种新疫苗

 
 
2010-06-02 15:33 来源:外滩画报 作者:周一妍
 

       1995 年,何大一领导的艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心提出了对艾滋病毒“早期打击、从重打击”的药物治疗方案,这就是“鸡尾酒疗法”的核心概念。上世纪80 年代初,何大一见证一批批艾滋病患者在就诊后几周内死去,他回忆当时的自己“内心没有害怕,只有困惑”。

 

何大一在实验室(Steve Pyke / ContourPhotos)

  文/周一妍

  1996 年,何大一凭借“艾滋病鸡尾酒疗法”当选美国《时代》杂志年度风云人物。如今,已经与艾滋病毒博弈了20 多年的何大一决定尝试一种新方法:开发一种新疫苗,这种疫苗能为人体装配上一套现成的抗体武器,这就免除了刺激人体免疫系统产生抗体的前期工作,疫苗一进入体内,就能动员免疫系统立刻投入战斗。何大一告诉《外滩画报》:“我的直觉告诉我,自己正在接近新的重大突破。”

  2007 年世界艾滋病大会上,何大一正与同事一起安静地坐在听众席上,讲台上的演讲者在摆弄屏幕上的一幅卡通漫画,一个被蒙住双眼的健壮的棒球手挥棍一击,但球飞了出去,他没有击中。台下的科学家们笑出声来,其中也包括何大一和他的同事。何大一知道,画面上那个盲目的棒球小子指的就是他们自己,和那位棒球小子一样,他们跟艾滋病毒搏斗的战争已经打了很久,但结果还是如此。

  “那个卡通片形容得恰如其分,”事后,何大一向媒体表示,“我觉得它很准确地描述了我们能成功的机会,我们都感受到了挫折。”能拿来对付艾滋病毒的最强药物也仅仅是凑合而已,要限制它的传染,只能靠疫苗;问题是没有一种疫苗能成功阻止艾滋病毒感染新的主人,现有疫苗需要刺激人体免疫系统产生反应,然后再形成抗体。

  如今,已经与艾滋病毒博弈了20 多年的何大一决定尝试一种新方法:开发一种新疫苗,这种疫苗能为人体装配上一套现成的抗体武器,这就免除了刺激人体免疫系统产生抗体的前期工作,疫苗一进入体内,就能动员免疫系统立刻投入战斗。“与其指望人体自身完成识别病毒到产生抗体的全部工作,还不如直接给身体提供一套现成的抗体,这样就可以在身体内部打赢一场艾滋病毒歼灭战。”

  这是一个大胆的想法,至少在艾滋病领域还没有人这么干过。何大一决定凭借自己在艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心20 多年的研究经验,赌上一把。就像他在20 岁出头的时候,凭借出色的概率算术能力而赢得赌博。那时,他去拉斯维加斯赌场玩21点,“我能够数清扑克,把它们记下来,并且能够意识到在某些情况你能赢,最后也真的赢了,这一切非常具有挑战性。”

  这一次,没有人知道,他能否会赢?正如《时代》杂志评价的那样:“对于何大一来说,一击必杀固然精彩,但他需要争取的是一记全垒打。”

  同样承担风险的还有世界最大的慈善基金比尔・盖茨夫妇基金会,该基金捐资700 万美元,帮助何大一开发新疫苗。

  目前,何大一调动了艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心一半多的研究人员投入这项工作。根据实验,这种药物在艾滋病晚期病人身上能清除血液中90% 的病毒。

  谈到这个新项目,何大一嘴角总是不由自主地露出一丝微笑。上世纪90年代,何大一和他的实验室成为艾滋病研究领域的先锋。1995 年,何大一始创“鸡尾酒疗法”,同时使用多种药物有效抑制早期感染的艾滋病毒,这种疗法可以将艾滋病患者的死亡率降低20%,他也因此成为《时代》周刊 1996 年度风云人物。2001 年1月,美国时任总统克林顿向他颁发了“总统国民勋章”。

  新疫苗

  “你觉得人类打败艾滋病需要多长时间?”记者问。

  “在短期内,我不能给你答案。但我的直觉告诉我,自己正在接近新的重大突破。当我第一次接触到ibalizumab(何大一正在研究的新疫苗的名称),我就觉得可能有成功的希望。” 电话那头,何大一表示。

  2007 年春天,美国休斯顿一家名叫Tanox 的生物科技公司开发了一种新药物,这种药物能阻止艾滋病毒进入健康细胞的抗体,这就是ibalizumab。何大一与Tanox公司的一位创始人是好朋友,他本人也是该公司科学咨询委员会的成员之一。一天,他接到那个朋友的电话,于是决定赶往休斯顿一探究竟。

  在听取了一场有关ibalizumab 的简要报道后,何大一迫不及待地打电话回研究中心,让研究人员马上查阅ibalizumab 的相关文献。回来后,他马上从别的项目组抽调了两名研究员,加入ibalizumab 研究小组。

  “当时,我凭直觉反应,这种疫苗有希望成功。”何大一回忆。最让他激动的是Tanox 提供的一组测试数据:ibalizumab 对200 名艾滋病患者的前期试验中,这种药物表现出一定的效果;在艾滋病晚期病人身上,该药物有机会清除血液中90% 的病毒,但没有人知道这种抑制效果会持续多久。

  目前,何大一他们正在猴子身上进行试验,确定ibalizumab 是否能切断艾滋病毒的感染。何大一告诉记者,“如果试验效果不佳,我们就会停止试验。”

  就像理智的经济学家不会将“鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”一样,除了研发ibalizumab,何大一也尝试研发其它的疫苗。据何大一透露,2006 年,艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心获得比尔・盖茨夫妇基金会2470 万美金的捐助,他从中拿出700 万美元作为研究ibalizumab的专项基金;其他的钱,一部分被投入开发别的新疫苗,另一部分则被用于研发“鸡尾酒疗法”艾滋病药物的升级改良版。

  当被问及“鸡尾酒疗法”是否仍为西方艾滋病患者的主流疗法时,何大一对此充满了自信:“在令世界满意的艾滋病疫苗还未问世前,‘鸡尾酒疗法’仍是抗艾的最佳疗法之一。 随着科技不断进步,我们也在不断改变药物的配置,并试图将副作用降低到最小,同时治疗费用也正在下降。”

  抗艾第一人

  1980 年,何大一从加州大学医学系硕士毕业。一开始,作为见习医师,他主要为那些推到急诊室的艾滋病人做病理记录。很快,他就发现一2007 年11 月,何大一在香港大学做有关艾滋病的学术报告个奇怪的现象:这些病人都发生了严重的免疫功能缺陷,并伴有并发症状,如肺炎、癌症等;更为可怕的是,这些病人通常在几周内去世。几个月后,他发现了一个规律:大多数这样的病人都是男同性恋。随着记录的病例越来越多,何大一对这种疾病也越来越感兴趣。

  1981 年,加州大学洛杉矶分校实验室的迈克尔・哥特利博士向世界报告了第一例艾滋病病毒。仅仅过了三个月,何大一也发现了这一病毒。正是这短短的三个月,让何大一与“艾滋病之父”擦肩而过。于是他说:“事情做得好,还要做得快。”

  此后,何大一一步步开始了在这个领域的前瞻性研究。他是世界上第一个把艾滋病毒从精液里分离出来的人,由此证明了艾滋病主要传播途径是性行为;他也是全世界第一个证明唾液不会传染艾滋病的人。很快,在何大一身边聚集了一批该领域的科学精英。当时,有一批致力于艾滋病研究的专业研究中心成立,成立于 1991 年的艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心就是其中之一,何大一是这一中心的主管。

  1995 年,何大一领导的艾伦・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心提出了对艾滋病毒“早期打击、从重打击”的药物治疗方案,这就是“鸡尾酒疗法”的核心概念。“鸡尾酒疗法”通过同时使用3 种或3 种以上的抗病毒药物,每种药物针对艾滋病毒繁殖周期中的不同环节,从而达到抑制或消灭艾滋病毒的目的。该治疗方案与西方推崇的鸡尾酒饮酒方式(将几种不同风格的酒调在一起)相似,所以被誉为“鸡尾酒疗法”。

  此前,医学界主要采用单一药物治疗艾滋病,但后来发现这非常容易产生耐药性,治疗效果很差。

  从1996 年开始,很多艾滋病感染者抱着试一试的心态走入艾伦・戴蒙德实验室。他们坚持每天吞服20 颗五颜六色、大小各异的药丸,数星期之后,病人身体状况明显好转,持久低热没有了,身上的溃疡消失了,精力也充沛起来,更神奇的是血液中竟查不出艾滋病毒的踪迹。

  同年,因为发明“鸡尾酒疗法”,何大一登上《时代》杂志封面,成为《时代》年度风云人物。此后,“鸡尾酒疗法”在美国和欧洲得到普遍运用,救活了成千上万的艾滋病患者,艾滋病病人的死亡率因此下降了20%。

  以柔克刚

  1951 年,何大一出生于台湾台中,12 岁随家人移居美国。

  如今,尽管他早已习惯了西方人的思维方式,采访时也说流利的英文,但在工作之余,他喜欢看李安、张艺谋等华人大导演的电影。他告诉记者,目前,他正在看英国著名汉学家霍克斯翻译的英文版《红楼梦》。

  何大一说他喜欢读诸子百家的书,最喜欢的是老子的《道德经》,他非常欣赏老子“以柔克刚”的哲学观。“很多人都会问我,为什么会取名‘大一’?这个名字是父亲何步基取的,其意也出自老庄哲学,‘其大无外,谓之一’,也就是无为而治。”

  “我是一个很倔强的孩子。小时候考试如果得了99 分,就会很不开心,回家关起门来打自己,责怪自己为什么不能考一百分。”但自从他阅读了《道德经》等书籍后,他的性格变得温和起来,他最喜欢的是老子的一句名言:以柔克刚。

  “这是我的生活哲学。我变得乐观、积极。”何大一觉得,“以柔克刚”的精神,鼓励他用一颗淡然坚强的心去面对生活。

  上世纪80 年代初,何大一见证一批批艾滋病患者在就诊后几周内死去,他回忆当时的自己“内心没有害怕,只有困惑”。2003 年5 月,“非典”肆虐华夏大地,何大一暂缓手头的艾滋病研究,穿梭两岸三地,寻求对抗非典病毒的治疗方案。在北京“非典”最严重的时期,何大一在北京出席会议,在场记者看到他时,却发现:他不戴口罩,神情自若。

  2003 年至今,何大一将更多的精力投入中国,他带领团队在河南、云南、湖北等地建立了十多个抗艾项目点,“现在,我每隔几个月就会来中国关心一下项目进展。最频繁的时期,我每隔六周就要回国一次。”在这些项目点,何大一希望能克隆纽约的治疗模式,将艾滋病母婴传染率从30% 降至2%。“在我们的帮助下,云南母婴阻断试点项目的成功率达到99%,跟我们之前在纽约的400 名艾滋病孕妇的试点结果是一样的。”

  记者问何大一,他的技术能否在中国大规模推广开来,他的回答十分谨慎。他说自己的工作团队还太小,他只能依靠小规模的试点来证明,他的抗艾技术无论在中国还是美国,都能获得成功。当谈及中国传统中药和针灸治疗艾滋病方法时,何大一不愿多谈,“我必须把绝大部分精力放在新疫苗的研究上,还没时间研究其他。”

  • 艾滋病早期治疗是康复与延长30~60年生命的保
  • 艾滋病免疫重建的重要意义是挽救生命的根本
  • 从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药三合皂甙
  • 康生丹颗粒免疫实验提示符合艾滋病、肿瘤等应
  • 鸡尾酒疗法并非万能,抗药性与毒副作用导致联合疗法与中药疗法应用的迫切性
  • 公布几例康生丹治疗艾滋病的检测报告照片
  • 康生丹配合西药治疗AIDS总结
  • 三合皂甙,康生丹片
  • 中药康生丹治愈艾滋病中医论析
  • 艾滋病成为第一大死因病种[刘君]的对策与思考

  • 何大一的抗艾新術:開發一種新疫苗
    2010-06-02 15:33 來源:外灘畫報作者:週一妍
        
    1995 年,何大一領導的艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心提出了對艾滋病毒“早期打擊、從重打擊”的藥物治療方案,這就是“雞尾酒療法”的核心概念。
    上世紀80 年代初,何大一見證一批批艾滋病患者在就診後幾週內死去,他回憶當時的自己“內心沒有害怕,只有困惑”。


    何大一在實驗室(Steve Pyke / ContourPhotos)

      文/週一妍

    1996 年,何大一憑藉“艾滋病雞尾酒療法”當選美國《時代》雜誌年度風雲人物。如今,已經與艾滋病毒博弈了20 多年的何大一決定嘗試一種新方法:開發一種新疫苗,這種疫苗能為人體裝配上一套現成的抗體武器,這就免除了刺激人體免疫系統產生抗體的前期工作,疫苗一進入體內,就能動員免疫系統立刻投入戰鬥。
    何大一告訴《外灘畫報》:“我的直覺告訴我,自己正在接近新的重大突破。”

    2007 年世界艾滋病大會上,何大一正與同事一起安靜地坐在聽眾席上,講台上的演講者在擺弄屏幕上的一幅卡通漫畫,一個被蒙住雙眼的健壯的棒球手揮棍一擊,但球飛了出去,他沒有擊中。台下的科學家們笑出聲來,其中也包括何大一和他的同事。
    何大一知道,畫面上那個盲目的棒球小子指的就是他們自己,和那位棒球小子一樣,他們跟艾滋病毒搏鬥的戰爭已經打了很久,但結果還是如此。

    “那個卡通片形容得恰如其分,”事後,何大一向媒體表示,“我覺得它很準確地描述了我們能成功的機會,我們都感受到了挫折。”能拿來對付艾滋病毒的最強藥物也
    僅僅是湊合而已,要限制它的傳染,只能靠疫苗;問題是沒有一種疫苗能成功阻止艾滋病毒感染新的主人,現有疫苗需要刺激人體免疫系統產生反應,然後再形成抗體。

    如今,已經與艾滋病毒博弈了20 多年的何大一決定嘗試一種新方法:開發一種新疫苗,這種疫苗能為人體裝配上一套現成的抗體武器,這就免除了刺激人體免疫系統產生抗體的前期工作,疫苗一進入體內,就能動員免疫系統立刻投入戰鬥。
    “與其指望人體自身完成識別病毒到產生抗體的全部工作,還不如直接給身體提供一套現成的抗體,這樣就可以在身體內部打贏一場艾滋病毒殲滅戰。”

    這是一個大膽的想法,至少在艾滋病領域還沒有人這麼幹過。何大一決定憑藉自己在艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心20 多年的研究經驗,賭上一把。就像他在20 歲出頭的時候,憑藉出色的概率算術能力而贏得賭博。那時,他去拉斯維加斯賭場玩21點,“我能夠數清撲克,把它們記下來,並且能夠意識到在某些情況你能贏,最後也真的贏了,這一切非常具有
    挑戰性。”

    這一次,沒有人知道,他能否會贏?
    正如《時代》雜誌評價的那樣:“對於何大一來說,一擊必殺固然精彩,但他需要爭取的是一記全壘打。”

    同樣承擔風險的還有世界最大的慈善基金比爾・蓋茨夫婦基金會,該基金捐資700 萬美元,幫助何大一開發新疫苗。

    目前,何大一調動了艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心一半多的研究人員投入這項工作。
    根據實驗,這種藥物在艾滋病晚期病人身上能清除血液中90% 的病毒。

    談到這個新項目,何大一嘴角總是不由自主地露出一絲微笑。上世紀90年代,何大一和他的實驗室成為艾滋病研究領域的先鋒。 1995 年,何大一始創“雞尾酒療法”,同時使用多種藥物有效抑制早期感染的艾滋病毒,這種療法可以將艾滋病患者的死亡率降低20%,他也因此成為《時代》周刊1996 年度風雲人物。
    2001 年1月,美國時任總統克林頓向他頒發了“總統國民勳章”。

      新疫苗

    “你覺得人類打敗艾滋病需要多長時間?”記者問。

    “在短期內,我不能給你答案。但我的直覺告訴我,自己正在接近新的重大突破。當我第一次接觸到ibalizumab(何大一正在研究的新疫苗的名稱),我就覺得可能
    有成功的希望。” 電話那頭,何大一表示。

    2007 年春天,美國休斯頓一家名叫Tanox 的生物科技公司開發了一種新藥物,這種藥物能阻止艾滋病毒進入健康細胞的抗體,這就是ibalizumab。何大一與Tanox公司的一位創始人是好朋友,他本人也是該公司科學諮詢委員會的成員之一。
    一天,他接到那個朋友的電話,於是決定趕往休斯頓一探究竟。

    在聽取了一場有關ibalizumab 的簡要報導後,何大一迫不及待地打電話回研究中心,讓研究人員馬上查閱ibalizumab 的相關文獻。
    回來後,他馬上從別的項目組抽調了兩名研究員,加入ibalizumab 研究小組。

    “當時,我憑直覺反應,這種疫苗有希望成功。”何大一回憶。最讓他激動的是Tanox 提供的一組測試數據:ibalizumab 對200 名艾滋病患者的前期試驗中,這種藥物表現出一定的效果;在艾滋病晚期病人身上,該藥物有機會清除血液中90% 的
    病毒,但沒有人知道這種抑制效果會持續多久。

    目前,何大一他們正在猴子身上進行試驗,確定ibalizumab 是否能切斷艾滋病毒的感染。
    何大一告訴記者,“如果試驗效果不佳,我們就會停止試驗。”

    就像理智的經濟學家不會將“雞蛋放在一個籃子裡”一樣,除了研發ibalizumab,何大一也嘗試研發其它的疫苗。據何大一透露,2006 年,艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心獲得比爾・蓋茨夫婦基金會2470 萬美金的捐助,他從中拿出700 萬美元作為研究ibalizumab的專項基金;其他的錢,一部分被
    投入開發別的新疫苗,另一部分則被用於研發“雞尾酒療法”艾滋病藥物的升級改良版。

    當被問及“雞尾酒療法”是否仍為西方艾滋病患者的主流療法時,何大一對此充滿了自信:“在令世界滿意的艾滋病疫苗還未問世前,'雞尾酒療法'仍是抗艾的
    最佳療法之一。 隨著科技不斷進步,我們也在不斷改變藥物的配置,並試圖將副作用降低到最小,同時治療費用也正在下降。”

      抗艾第一人

    1980 年,何大一從加州大學醫學系碩士畢業。一開始,作為見習醫師,他主要為那些推到急診室的艾滋病人做病理記錄。很快,他就發現一2007 年11 月,何大一在香港大學做有關艾滋病的學術報告個奇怪的現象:這些病人都發生了嚴重的免疫功能缺陷,並伴有並發症狀,如肺炎、癌症等;更為可怕的是,這些病人通常在幾週內去世。幾個月後,他發現了一個規律:大多數這樣的病人都是男同性戀。
    隨著記錄的病例越來越多,何大一對這種疾病也越來越感興趣。

    1981 年,加州大學洛杉磯分校實驗室的邁克爾・哥特利博士向世界報告了第一例艾滋病病毒。僅僅過了三個月,何大一也發現了這一病毒。正是這短短的三個月,讓何大一與“艾滋病之父”擦肩而過。
    於是他說:“事情做得好,還要做得快。”

    此後,何大一一步步開始了在這個領域的前瞻性研究。他是世界上第一個把艾滋病毒從精液里分離出來的人,由此證明了艾滋病主要傳播途徑是性行為;他也是全世界第一個證明唾液不會傳染艾滋病的人。很快,在何大一身邊聚集了一批該領域的科學精英。
    當時,有一批致力於艾滋病研究的專業研究中心成立,成立於1991 年的艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心就是其中之一,何大一是這一中心的主管。

    1995 年,何大一領導的艾倫・戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心提出了對艾滋病毒“早期打擊、從重打擊”的藥物治療方案,這就是“雞尾酒療法”的核心概念。 “雞尾酒療法”通過同時使用3 種或3 種以上的抗病毒藥物,每種藥物針對艾滋病毒繁殖週期中的不同環節,從而達到抑製或消滅艾滋病毒的目的。
    該治療方案與西方推崇的雞尾酒飲酒方式(將幾種不同風格的酒調在一起)相似,所以被譽為“雞尾酒療法”。

    此前,醫學界主要採用單一藥物治療艾滋病,但後來發現這非常容易產生耐藥性,治療效果很差。

    從1996 年開始,很多艾滋病感染者抱著試一試的心態走入艾倫・戴蒙德實驗室。他們堅持每天吞服20 顆五顏六色、大小各異的藥丸,數星期之後,病人身體狀況明顯好轉,持久低熱沒有了,身上的潰瘍消失了,精力也充沛起來,更神奇的是血液中竟查
    不出艾滋病毒的踪跡。

    同年,因為發明“雞尾酒療法”,何大一登上《時代》雜誌封面,成為《時代》年度風雲人物。
    此後,“雞尾酒療法”在美國和歐洲得到普遍運用,救活了成千上萬的艾滋病患者,艾滋病病人的死亡率因此下降了20%。

      以柔克剛

    1951 年,何大一出生於台灣台中,12 歲隨家人移居美國。

    如今,儘管他早已習慣了西方人的思維方式,採訪時也說流利的英文,但在工作之餘,他喜歡看李安、張藝謀等華人大導演的電影。
    他告訴記者,目前,他正在看英國著名漢學家霍克斯翻譯的英文版《紅樓夢》。

    何大一說他喜歡讀諸子百家的書,最喜歡的是老子的《道德經》,他非常欣賞老子“以柔克剛”的哲學觀。
    “很多人都會問我,為什麼會取名'大一'?這個名字是父親何步基取的,其意也出自老莊哲學,'其大無外,謂之一',也就是無為而治。”

    “我是一個很倔強的孩子。小時候考試如果得了99 分,就會很不開心,回家關起門來打自己,責怪自己為什麼不能考一百分。”但自從他閱讀了《道德經》
    等書籍後,他的性格變得溫和起來,他最喜歡的是老子的一句名言:以柔克剛。

    “這是我的生活哲學。我變得樂觀、積極。”何大一覺得,“以柔克剛”的精神,鼓勵他用一顆淡然堅強的心去面對生活。

    上世紀80 年代初,何大一見證一批批艾滋病患者在就診後幾週內死去,他回憶當時的自己“內心沒有害怕,只有困惑”。 2003 年5 月,“非典”肆虐華夏大地,何大一暫緩手頭的艾滋病研究,穿梭兩岸三地,尋求對抗非典病毒的治療方案。
    在北京“非典”最嚴重的時期,何大一在北京出席會議,在場記者看到他時,卻發現:他不戴口罩,神情自若。

    2003 年至今,何大一將更多的精力投入中國,他帶領團隊在河南、雲南、湖北等地建立了十多個抗艾項目點,“現在,我每隔幾個月就會來中國關心一下項目進展。最頻繁的時期,我每隔六週就要回國一次。”在這些項目點,何大一希望能克隆紐約的治療模式,將艾滋病母嬰傳染率從30% 降至2%。
    “在我們的幫助下,雲南母嬰阻斷試點項目的成功率達到99%,跟我們之前在紐約的400 名艾滋病孕婦的試點結果是一樣的。”

    記者問何大一,他的技術能否在中國大規模推廣開來,他的回答十分謹慎。他說自己的工作團隊還太小,他只能依靠小規模的試點來證明,他的抗艾技術無論在中國還是美國,都能獲得成功。
    當談及中國傳統中藥和針灸治療艾滋病方法時,何大一不願多談,“我必須把絕大部分精力放在新疫苗的研究上,還沒時間研究其他。”

  • David Ho, the new technique of anti-Ai: developing a new vaccine
    2010-06-02 15:33 Source: Bund on: Mon Yan
        
    In 1995, David Ho led the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center proposed for HIV, "the early blow, severely crack down on" drug treatment programs, this is the "cocktail therapy" of the core concept.
    Early 80s of last century, Ho witness groups of AIDS patients die within a few weeks after the doctor, he recalls his "heart is not afraid, only confused."


    Ho in the laboratory (Steve Pyke / ContourPhotos)

    Text / Mon Yan

    In 1996, David Ho with "AIDS cocktail" elected to the U.S. "Time" magazine Person of the Year. Today, HIV has more than 20 years of David Ho, a game decided to try a new approach: to develop a new vaccine that the vaccine can be assembled on the body of a ready-made antibodies weapons, which stimulate the body's immune system eliminates the The preliminary work to produce antibodies, vaccines, entered the body, able to mobilize the immune system into action immediately.
    Ho told the "Bund": "My intuition tells me that he was close to a major new breakthrough."

    2007 World AIDS Conference, Ho is working with colleagues were sitting quietly, the podium presentation on the screen in the play with a cartoon of a blindfolded robust command stick a baseball player hit, but the ball flew out, he did not hit. Scientists at the audience laughed, including Ho and his colleagues.
    Ho knows, baseball on the screen that blind boy refers to themselves, and the kid who, like baseball, they fought a war with HIV have been playing for a long time, but the result was so.

    "That cartoon was aptly described as," After that, Ho said to the media, "I think it is very accurate description of the opportunity that we can succeed, we all felt the frustration." HIV can be used to deal with most medications
    just make do it, to limit its spread, can only rely on vaccines; problem is no vaccine to prevent HIV infection, the success of new owners, the existing vaccines need to stimulate the human immune system response, and then the formation of antibodies.

    Today, HIV has more than 20 years of David Ho, a game decided to try a new approach: to develop a new vaccine, the vaccine for the human body assembly on the set of ready-made antibodies weapons, which stimulate the body's immune system eliminates the The preliminary work to produce antibodies, vaccines, entered the body, able to mobilize the immune system into action immediately.
    "Rather than look to complete the identification of the body's own antibodies to the virus all the work, not directly to the body, such as providing a ready-made antibodies within the body so that you can win a war of annihilation of HIV."

    This is a bold idea, at least no one in the field of AIDS've done. Ho decided on its own at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center 20 years of research experience, a gamble. Like his early 20s, when, with excellent numeracy skills and the probability of winning gambling. At that time, he went to Las Vegas casinos to play 21, "I can count cards, put them down, and the ability to realize that in some cases you can win, really win eventually, all very
    challenging. "

    This time, no one knows whether he can win?
    As the "Time" magazine described it: "For David Ho, the blow slay wonderful course, but he needs is a record for home runs."

    There are also risk the world's largest charitable 基金比尔盖茨 couple Foundation, the fund donated seven million U.S. dollars, to help develop new vaccines Ho.

    Currently, David Ho Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, mobilized more than half of the researchers involved in that effort.
    According to the experiment, the drug in patients with advanced AIDS can remove 90% of the virus in the blood.

    Turning to this new project, always involuntarily exposed Ho mouth smile. 90's of last century, Ho and his laboratory became a pioneer in the field of AIDS research. In 1995, Ho founded the "cocktail therapy", using a variety of drugs inhibit the early stage of HIV infection, AIDS patients this treatment the mortality rate can be reduced by 20%, he has thus become the "Time" magazine for the year 1996 Person of the Year.
    January 2001, the United States President Bill Clinton awarded him the "National Medal of the President."

    New vaccines

    "Do you think how long it takes humans to defeat AIDS?" A reporter asked.

    "In the short term, I can not give you the answer. But my intuition tells me that he is approaching a new major breakthrough. When I first come into contact with ibalizumab (Ho is the name of the new vaccine), I think it may
    hope of success. "side of the phone, Ho said.

    The spring of 2007, the United States named Tanox, a Houston biotech company has developed a new drug, the drug can prevent HIV virus from entering healthy cells in the antibodies, which is ibalizumab. Ho and Tanox, a company founder is a good friend and he is the company's Scientific Advisory Board member.
    One day, he received a call that friend, went to Houston and decided to check it out.

    After hearing a brief report about the ibalizumab, Ho could not wait to call back to research centers to research the relevant literature immediately access ibalizumab.
    Returned, he immediately transferred from another team of two researchers, joined ibalizumab Study Group.

    "I was intuitive response, there is hope that the success of this vaccine." Ho recalled. The most exciting is Tanox him to provide a set of test data: ibalizumab on 200 early AIDS trials, the drug showed some effects; in advanced AIDS patients, the drug have the opportunity to clear the blood of 90%
    virus, but no one knows how long this will inhibit the effect.

    At present, Ho they are tested on monkeys to determine whether ibalizumab off HIV infection.
    Ho told reporters, "If the test results are poor, we will stop the test."

    Economists do not like the reason the "eggs in one basket," as, in addition to R & D ibalizumab, Ho also try to develop other vaccines. According to Ho said, in 2006, the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center was Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 24.7 million dollars in contributions, he took out seven million U.S. dollars from a special fund of ibalizumab; other money, in part by
    to invest in developing other new vaccines, the other part was used for R & D "cocktail" of AIDS drugs, improved version upgrade.

    When asked about the "cocktail therapy" is still the mainstream of Western AIDS treatment, Ho which is full of confidence: "In that world, not satisfied until the advent of AIDS vaccine 'cocktail' is still anti-Ai
    One of the best therapy. As technology advances, we are also constantly change drug's configuration, and tried the side-effects Xiangdi Daozui Xiao, Tong Shi treatment Fei Yong Ye is declining. "

    Anti-Ai the first person

    In 1980, David Ho from the University of California, graduated Master of Medicine. Beginning, as trainee physicians, he was pushed to the emergency room for those who do pathologic records of AIDS. Soon, he found in November 2007, Ho University of Hong Kong to do in an academic report on AIDS a strange phenomenon: these patients have undergone severe immune deficiency, and symptoms associated with complications such as pneumonia, cancer, and so on; more alarming is that these patients usually died within a few weeks. A few months later, he discovered a pattern: most of these patients are gay.
    With the growing number of cases recorded, Ho is also growing interest in this disease.

    In 1981, the University of California at Los Angeles laboratory 迈克尔哥特 Dr Lee reported to the world the first cases of AIDS virus. After only three months, Ho also found the virus. It is this short span of three months, so that Ho and the "Father of AIDS" pass.
    So he said: "The things well, but also to do better."

    Since then, Ho started step by step, prospective studies in this field. He was the first in the semen of HIV isolated from the people, thus proving that AIDS is mainly transmitted by sexual intercourse; He is also the world's first proof of saliva does not transmit AIDS. Soon, the group gathered around David Ho, scientific elite in the field.
    At that time, a group dedicated to AIDS research and the establishment of specialized research center, founded in 1991, the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center is one of them, David Ho, director of this center.

    In 1995, David Ho led the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center proposed for HIV, "the early blow, severely crack down on" drug treatment programs, this is the "cocktail therapy" of the core concept. "Cocktail therapy" be used by more than 3 or 3 of antiviral drugs, each drug for HIV reproductive cycle in the different sectors, so as to achieve suppression or eradication of HIV purpose.
    The treatment advocated by the Western way of drinking cocktails (the tune of several different styles of wine together) similar to the so called "cocktail therapy."

    Previously, the medical profession mainly single drug treatment of AIDS, but later found it very easy to produce drug resistance, treatment results are poor.

    Since 1996, many HIV-infected persons holding the mentality to try to go 入艾伦戴蒙德 laboratory. They swallow every day for 20 colors, various sizes of pills, a few weeks later, marked improvement in physical condition of the patient, persistent fever was gone, the body of the ulcer is gone, with plenty of energy is also up, even more amazing is the blood actually check
    no trace of HIV.

    In the same year as the invention "cocktail therapy", Ho boarded the "Time" magazine cover, become the "Time" Person of the Year.
    Since then, the "cocktail therapy" in the United States and Europe, widely used, save hundreds of thousands of AIDS patients decreased mortality among AIDS patients by 20%.

    Dealt with gently

    In 1951, Ho was born in Taichung, Taiwan, 12-year-old moved to the U.S. with his family.

    Now, although he has grown used to Western ways of thinking, and when they speak fluent English, but in his spare time, he likes to see Ang Lee, Zhang Yimou and other great directors of Chinese film.
    He told reporters that at present, he is a famous scholar in the English translation of the English Hawkes, "Dream of Red Mansions."

    Ho said that he like to read philosophers of the book, I like most is the "moral", he very much appreciated I "dealt with gently" philosophy.
    "Many people would ask me why I would name 'freshmen'? Take the name of the father He Buji, and its meaning has come from Taoist philosophy, 'the great free things, that one', that is, rule by doing nothing."

    "I am a very stubborn child. If a child tests got 99 points, will be very happy to play their home behind closed doors, blame yourself why you can not take the 100 points." But since he read the "Tao Te Ching"
    and other books, his character is moderate up, his favorite is I remark: dealt with gently.

    "This is my philosophy of life. I became optimistic and positive." Ho feels, "dealt with gently," the spirit encouraged him to take it lightly with a strong heart to face life.

    Early 80s of last century, Ho witness groups of AIDS patients die within a few weeks after the doctor, he recalls his "heart is not afraid, only confused." May 2003, "SARS" epidemic Chinese land, David Ho AIDS research at hand to suspend the shuttle the three places, to seek treatment against the SARS virus.
    In Beijing, "SARS" the most serious period, Ho in Beijing to attend the meeting, representatives of the press to see him, but that: he did not wear masks, Shenqingziruo.

    Since 2003, David Ho will invest more effort in China, he led the team in Henan, Yunnan, Hubei and other areas set up more than 10 points against Ai project, "Now, I care about every few months in China about progress of the project. The most frequent time, I would return home once every six weeks. "In these project sites, Ho hopes to clone the treatment patterns in New York, mother to child transmission of AIDS rate from 30% to 2%.
    "In our help, Yunnan PMTCT pilot project 99% success rate with our previous AIDS in New York, 400 pregnant women, the result is the same pilot."

    Ho asked that his technology could open to large-scale introduction in China, and his answer very carefully. He said his team is too young, he can only rely on small-scale pilot projects to prove his anti-AI techniques, whether in China or the United States, can be successful.
    When it comes to traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture methods to treat AIDS, Ho refused to talk about, "I have to focus on most of the new vaccine research, not had time to study other."