图为李月在芦岗“阳光家园”的宿舍。

　　文／图法制日报记者刘姝宏

　　5月21日凌晨，67岁的河南老人陈凤像往常一样有些失眠。早早起来在村里转了一圈后，她迈着极慢的脚步向只有她一个人的家里走去。

　　命运似乎对她格外不公。因为上世纪90年代初河南农民卖血事件，她的两个儿子及儿媳全部染上艾滋病，9年后相继失去生命，留下了四个孤儿。三年前，陈凤的老伴在去救助机构看望孙子的路上也遇车祸身亡，只剩下她和年幼的孩子。幸好国家将她和四个孩子全部管了起来，为她解了后顾之忧。

　　陈凤老人的家位于河南省上蔡县芦岗乡王大吴村，房子是那种有当地特色的青砖瓦房，三间堂屋，有配房，小院宽敞整洁，依稀能看出这个家曾经的繁荣。

　　或许是勾起了往昔的回忆，陈凤老人的表情一直有些凝重，直到坐在堂屋的沙发上跟记者聊天时，她终于忍不住说：“我的命真是苦。”话音一落，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。

　　她的两个儿子和两个儿媳去世时都只有30岁左右，家里失去了身强力壮的整整一代人。2004年，陈凤的大儿子和二儿子相继去世，之后的两年内大儿媳和二儿媳也相继去世。2005年，专门收留艾滋病致孤儿童的芦岗“阳光家园”将陈凤的两个孙女接走，一个10岁，一个8岁。因为当时两个孙子太小，加上二儿媳和老伴还在世，就又相互照应着支撑了一年。一年后，只有6岁的大孙子去了专门负责养育12岁以下艾滋病致孤儿童的“温馨家园”。2007年老伴去世后，无法支撑的陈凤万分不舍地将最小的孙子也送去了那里。

　　陈凤格外疼惜这四个孙女孙子，家里一直留着供他们节假日回家住的地方。“现在只有看到孩子时才是我心里最好过的时候。”陈凤老人不仅在节假日将孩子接回家，平时也频繁地去看望两个小孙子。她的行为也是“温馨家园”鼓励的，孩子毕竟太小，需要更多的亲情关爱。

　　由于政府的帮助，在经济上，陈凤老人没有太大的困难。按照河南省的规定，她作为艾滋病致孤老人，现在每月有200元的生活救助金，加上还有三四亩地，在远房侄子的帮助下，也有些收成，自己和四个孩子节假日回家吃饭所需要的粮食基本上够了。

　　五项优惠政策鼓励收养孤儿

　　在散发着花园气息的芦岗“阳光家园”，记者见到了陈凤老人的二孙女李月(化名)。现在已经上初中二年级的她很爱笑，笑起来嘴角有个小小的酒窝。她现在是班上的尖子生，学习成绩优异。

　　李月所在的宿舍有三张小单人床和简单家具，非常整洁，床上的被单被罩是不同的花色，被子全部叠出了军队才要求的棱角。她身上穿的是今年颇为流行的红色格子衬衣。她告诉记者，她所有的衣物都是园里统一买的，款式基本相同，但可以根据个人喜好选择不同的颜色。她们的日用品，包括洗衣粉、香皂、护肤霜等等也都由园里统一供给。

　　“我们每个月有10元零用钱，我花不着，攒着回去给奶奶。”李月懂事地说，因为学歇伙，为了节省时间，李月和她的伙伴每天早晚两顿饭都在学校吃，园里每个月配给她们每人100元伙食费。

　　李月姐弟四人都属于由政府设立福利机构进行集中养育的模式，这是河南省探索的四种艾滋病致孤儿童安置模式的一种。像“阳光家园”这样的机构在河南有21所，这里不仅住宿生活条件较好，教育条件也相对较好，还有社工和志愿者为孩子做心理辅导。

　　在河南，一种更为成功的安置模式是模拟家庭养育。2004年11月起，河南省开始尝试由政府出资建设一个模拟家庭，聘请一对夫妻作为孤儿的模拟父母，4至6个来自不同家庭的孤儿，共同生活在这个新组成的家庭里。

　　2004年，河南省还出台五项优惠政策鼓励社会普通家庭收养艾滋病致孤儿童，希望以此方式来一次性解决孤儿的养育和安置问题。迄今，河南省已有4名儿童通过登记，被普通家庭合法收养。

　　在几种安置方式中，占80%以上比例的仍然是家庭寄养，即由县级民政部门委托孤儿的亲属或邻居抚养艾滋病致孤儿童，每月发放生活救助金。这样做的目的是把孩子留在熟悉的家庭中，以利于孩子得到更多的亲情滋养。

　　扩展救助帮助孤儿直至就业

　　河南省的统计数据显示，目前全省共有艾滋病致孤儿童2891人，单亲家庭未成年子女5961人，全省受艾滋病影响的儿童共约4万人。

　　为了在各方面对他们进行更好的救助，国家和地方连续出台政策规定救助责任和相关标准。根据规定，李月和河南省所有的艾滋病致孤儿童一样，每月都有200元生活救助资金。除此以外，他们的基本医疗费用全免，并被纳入医疗救助体系。

　　李月现在读初二，还属于义务教育阶段，国家是免学杂费、书本费并且补助生活费的。等到她上了高中，按照政策规定，她每年还可以享受800元的专项助学金。如果上了大中专，可以优先享受助学贷款，其中中专阶段可以全部享受国家助学金。

　　为了免除这些孤儿在上大学时的生活负担，河南省民政厅每年都会联系慈善组织等社会资源，对考上大学的孤儿进行资助。对于有些没有慈善组织资助的孤儿，则利用福利彩票公益金一次性补助5000元，再加上每月200元的生活费，基本上能够保障这些孤儿的生活。据介绍，仅教育救助一项，三年来河南省已有15500名受艾滋病影响的儿童受益。

　　上学的费用不用愁了。河南省民政厅社会福利和慈善事业促进处处长许明成又开始琢磨对那些没考上学的孩子进行技能培训，帮助他们就业。他告诉记者，河南省民政厅每年都针对这一特殊群体组织一两期技能培训，地方组织的技能培训则更多。培训方式是把这些孩子送到技术学校学习，进行集中培训或者插班，让他们学习电焊、汽车修理、缝纫、烹饪等技能。由于我国技术工人相对缺乏，所以这些孩子一旦进入技术学校，就业基本上不成问题。 河南救助近3千艾滋病致孤兒童
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年05月28日07:56 法制日報

圖為李月在蘆崗“陽光家園”的宿舍。

　　文／圖法制日報記者劉姝宏

5月21日凌晨，67歲的河南老人陳鳳像往常一樣有些失眠。早早起來在村里轉了一圈後，她邁著極慢的腳步向只有她一個人的家裡走去。

　　命運似乎對她格外不公。因為上世紀90年代初河南農民賣血事件，她的兩個兒子及兒媳全部染上艾滋病，9年後相繼失去生命，留下了四個孤兒。三年前，陳鳳的老伴在去救助機構看望孫子的路上也遇車禍身亡，只剩下她和年幼的孩子。幸好國家將她和四個孩子全部管了起來，為她解了後顧之憂。

陳鳳老人的家位於河南省上蔡縣蘆崗鄉王大吳村，房子是那種有當地特色的青磚瓦房，三間堂屋，有配房，小院寬敞整潔，依稀能看出這個家曾經的繁榮。

或許是勾起了往昔的回憶，陳鳳老人的表情一直有些凝重，直到坐在堂屋的沙發上跟記者聊天時，她終於忍不住說：“我的命真是苦。”話音一落，淚水順著臉頰流了下來。

她的兩個兒子和兩個兒媳去世時都只有30歲左右，家裡失去了身強力壯的整整一代人。 2004年，陳鳳的大兒子和二兒子相繼去世，之後的兩年內大兒媳和二兒媳也相繼去世。 2005年，專門收留艾滋病致孤兒童的蘆崗“陽光家園”將陳鳳的兩個孫女接走，一個10歲，一個8歲。因為當時兩個孫子太小，加上二兒媳和老伴還在世，就又相互照應著支撐了一年。一年後，只有6歲的大孫子去了專門負責養育12歲以下艾滋病致孤兒童的“溫馨家園”。 2007年老伴去世後，無法支撐的陳鳳萬分不捨地將最小的孫子也送去了那裡。

陳鳳格外疼惜這四個孫女孫子，家裡一直留著供他們節假日回家住的地方。 “現在只有看到孩子時才是我心裡最好過的時候。”陳鳳老人不僅在節假日將孩子接回家，平時也頻繁地去看望兩個小孫子。她的行為也是“溫馨家園”鼓勵的，孩子畢竟太小，需要更多的親情關愛。

由於政府的幫助，在經濟上，陳鳳老人沒有太大的困難。按照河南省的規定，她作為艾滋病致孤老人，現在每月有200元的生活救助金，加上還有三四畝地，在遠房侄子的幫助下，也有些收成，自己和四個孩子節假日回家吃飯所需要的糧食基本上夠了。

　　五項優惠政策鼓勵收養孤兒

在散發著花園氣息的蘆崗“陽光家園”，記者見到了陳鳳老人的二孫女李月(化名)。現在已經上初中二年級的她很愛笑，笑起來嘴角有個小小的酒窩。她現在是班上的尖子生，學習成績優異。

李月所在的宿舍有三張小單人床和簡單家具，非常整潔，床上的被單被罩是不同的花色，被子全部疊出了軍隊才要求的棱角。她身上穿的是今年頗為流行的紅色格子襯衣。她告訴記者，她所有的衣物都是園裡統一買的，款式基本相同，但可以根據個人喜好選擇不同的顏色。她們的日用品，包括洗衣粉、香皂、護膚霜等等也都由園裡統一供給。

“我們每個月有10元零用錢，我花不著，攢著回去給奶奶。”李月懂事地說，因為學歇夥，為了節省時間，李月和她的伙伴每天早晚兩頓飯都在學校吃，園裡每個月配給她們每人100元伙食費。

李月姐弟四人都屬於由政府設立福利機構進行集中養育的模式，這是河南省探索的四種艾滋病致孤兒童安置模式的一種。像“陽光家園”這樣的機構在河南有21所，這裡不僅住宿生活條件較好，教育條件也相對較好，還有社工和志願者為孩子做心理輔導。

在河南，一種更為成功的安置模式是模擬家庭養育。 2004年11月起，河南省開始嘗試由政府出資建設一個模擬家庭，聘請一對夫妻作為孤兒的模擬父母，4至6個來自不同家庭的孤兒，共同生活在這個新組成的家庭裡。

2004年，河南省還出台五項優惠政策鼓勵社會普通家庭收養艾滋病致孤兒童，希望以此方式來一次性解決孤兒的養育和安置問題。迄今，河南省已有4名兒童通過登記，被普通家庭合法收養。

在幾種安置方式中，佔80%以上比例的仍然是家庭寄養，即由縣級民政部門委託孤兒的親屬或鄰居撫養艾滋病致孤兒童，每月發放生活救助金。這樣做的目的是把孩子留在熟悉的家庭中，以利於孩子得到更多的親情滋養。

　　擴展救助幫助孤兒直至就業

河南省的統計數據顯示，目前全省共有艾滋病致孤兒童2891人，單親家庭未成年子女5961人，全省受艾滋病影響的兒童共約4萬人。

為了在各方面對他們進行更好的救助，國家和地方連續出台政策規定救助責任和相關標準。根據規定，李月和河南省所有的艾滋病致孤兒童一樣，每月都有200元生活救助資金。除此以外，他們的基本醫療費用全免，並被納入醫療救助體系。

李月現在讀初二，還屬於義務教育階段，國家是免學雜費、書本費並且補助生活費的。等到她上了高中，按照政策規定，她每年還可以享受800元的專項助學金。如果上了大中專，可以優先享受助學貸款，其中中專階段可以全部享受國家助學金。

為了免除這些孤兒在上大學時的生活負擔，河南省民政廳每年都會聯繫慈善組織等社會資源，對考上大學的孤兒進行資助。對於有些沒有慈善組織資助的孤兒，則利用福利彩票公益金一次性補助5000元，再加上每月200元的生活費，基本上能夠保障這些孤兒的生活。據介紹，僅教育救助一項，三年來河南省已有15500名受艾滋病影響的兒童受益。

　　上學的費用不用愁了。河南省民政廳社會福利和慈善事業促進處處長許明成又開始琢磨對那些沒考上學的孩子進行技能培訓，幫助他們就業。他告訴記者，河南省民政廳每年都針對這一特殊群體組織一兩期技能培訓，地方組織的技能培訓則更多。培訓方式是把這些孩子送到技術學校學習，進行集中培訓或者插班，讓他們學習電焊、汽車修理、縫紉、烹飪等技能。由於我國技術工人相對缺乏，所以這些孩子一旦進入技術學校，就業基本上不成問題。

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  http://www.sina.com.cn 2010 年 05 月 28 日 07:56 Legal Daily
  
  The picture shows the month in Lu Gang Li "Sunshine home" in the quarters.
  
  Text / map Legal Daily reporter Liu Shu Wang
  
  May 21 morning, 67-year-old old Chen Feng Henan some sleep as usual. Early up in the village in a circle, she walked very slow pace to only one person she walked home.
  
  Fate seemed particularly unfair to her. Since the early 90s last century, farmers selling blood in Henan case, her two sons and daughter all have contracted AIDS, and 9 years have lost their lives, leaving four orphans. Three years ago, Chen Feng's wife to aid agencies in the road to visit grandchildren also died in a car accident, leaving her young children. Fortunately, the state will control her and four children all up, the worries for her solution.
  
  Feng-old home located in Henan Province, Wang Wu Shangcai Lugang Town Village, the house is brick that has the local characteristics of tile-roofed house, the three main room, there are allocated units, spacious and clean courtyard, vaguely able to see this family have prosperity.
  
  May evoke memories of the past, Feng-old expression has been some solemn, until sitting on a sofa in main room to chat with reporters, she finally could not help saying: "My life is really hard." Voice of a down, tears streaming down her cheeks.
  
  Her two sons and two daughter's death only 30 years old when they left, the family lost an entire generation of able-bodied people. In 2004, Chen Feng's eldest son and second son passed away two years after the big daughter and two daughter also died. In 2005, the specialized shelter for children orphaned by AIDS, Lu Gang "Sunshine home" will be picked up by Chen Feng's two granddaughters, a 10-year-old, an 8-year-old. Because it was too small for two grandchildren, along with daughter and his wife were still alive, and take care of support on one another for a year. A year later, only 6-year-old great grandson to a special care for 12 AIDS orphans under the age of the "warm their homes." After his wife died in 2007, can not support the Chen Feng extremely tenacious to be the smallest grandson also sent there.
  
  Chen Feng extra pamper four grandchildren granddaughter, the family holiday home they've been saving for a place to live. "Only my heart to see a child is the best time ever." Feng-old not only in the holiday home with the children, usually too frequently to visit two small grandchildren. Her behavior is also "Warm Home" encouraged, Children, too, need more family friendly.
  
  As the government's help, the economy, Feng-old is not much difficulty. In accordance with the provisions of Henan Province, she was a lonely old people caused by AIDS, now a monthly assistance payment of 200 yuan for life, plus there are 34 acres of land, in the distant nephew's help, also some crops, themselves and their four children back to holidays need to eat food at home is basically enough.
  
  5 preferential policies to encourage the adoption of orphans
  
  The garden atmosphere in the distribution of Lu Gang "Sunshine home", the reporter saw Li Feng-old granddaughter two months (a pseudonym). Second-year middle school now, she loves to laugh, smile mouth with a small dimple. She is now a class of elite students, academic excellence.
  
  Lee had three months where a small single bed dormitory and simple furniture, very clean, bed linen quilt are different colors, quilt out of all stack to ask for military corners. This year she is wearing a red checked shirt is quite popular. She told reporters that all her clothes are bought garden unity, the same style, but by the personal preferences of different colors. Their daily necessities, including laundry detergent, soap, skin cream, etc. are also unified by the garden supply.
  
  "We have 10 per month pocket money, I spent none, save the back to Grandma." Lee said on sensible, because the school break partnerships, in order to save time, Lee and her partner on both morning and evening meal eating at school, the garden each month, 100 yuan for food rations them.
  
  Lee on four siblings are all welfare institutions established by the Government focused care model, which is four in Henan Province to explore the placement of children orphaned by AIDS as a model. As the "Sunshine home" so there are 21 institutions in Henan, where not only better the living conditions of accommodation, education, conditions are relatively good, there are social workers and volunteers for the children to do psychological counseling.
  
  In Henan, a more successful model is the simulation of family care placement. November 2004, the Henan Province, funded by the Government began to try to build a simulation of the family, hire a couple of orphans in the simulation as parents, four to six orphans from different families living together in this newly formed family.
  
  In 2004, Henan Province also issued preferential policies to encourage the community to the average family of five adopted children orphaned by AIDS, hoped in this way to a one-time settlement and resettlement of raising orphans. To date, Henan Province has four children through the registration, legal adoption by ordinary families.
  
  Placement in several ways, accounting for more than 80% ratio is still family foster care, that is, commissioned by the county department of civil affairs support orphans of relatives or neighbors, AIDS orphans, monthly living assistance payments. The aim is to keep children in a familiar family in order to facilitate the child's family to get more nourishment.
  
  Extended until the job aid to help orphans
  
  Henan Province, statistics show that currently the province a total of 2891 people orphaned by AIDS, 5961 were minor children of single parent families, children affected by AIDS, the province of about 4 million people.
  
  In order to face them all better aid, national and local policies and regulations issued consecutive relief responsibilities and standards. According to regulations, Li Yue and Henan's AIDS orphans of all, like, 200 a month living assistance funds. In addition, their basic health care free of charge, and was included in the medical assistance system.
  
  Lee month now read the first two days, it is compulsory education, the state is free tuition, books and living expenses grants. Wait for her to high school, in accordance with the policies and regulations, she can also enjoy 800 per year special grants. If on a large secondary school, you can enjoy priority in student loans, which secondary phase can all enjoy the state grants.
  
  To remove these orphans living in the college, the burden of Henan Province will contact the Home Office annual charitable organizations and other social resources, the University of orphans admitted to funding. For some there is no charitable organization funded orphans, the use of welfare lottery lump sum 5,000 yuan, 200 yuan per month plus the cost of living, basically to protect the lives of these orphans. According to reports, only one educational support to three years in Henan Province has 15,500 children affected by AIDS benefit.
  
  No worries about the cost of going to school. Henan Civil Affairs Department of Social Welfare and Charity Promotion Department Director Xu Mingcheng began pondering on those who are not admitted to school children for skills training to help them find jobs. He told reporters, Henan Province, the Home Office each year for this special group of 12 skills training organizations, local organizations are more skills training. Form of training, technical schools these children to learn to focus on training or Transfer, they can learn welding, auto repair, sewing and cooking skills. As the relative lack of skilled workers in China, so when these children enter the technical schools, employment is basically not a problem.