. 上海静安里的生活
母亲將家搬到位于静安寺路(现南京西路)与西摩路(现陕西北路)交义路口的静安里。于是我和六弟转到位于英租界内的沪光中学,我上六年级,六弟五年级。
从我们家几次搬家的地点,可以看到母亲用心良苦。从最早的闸北区文安坊,到沪西的愚园坊,再向东搬到福德坊,最后落户于静安里,我家逐步迁入上诲市的中心市区治安较好的英租界范围内。我在静安里一直住到交大毕业到北上参加工作,在静安里共住了十二年。
静安里是犹太富商沙逊的房产,上下两层楼,每层有一厅,两卧室,一间卫生间。一层还有一个带天井的厨房,是典型的石库门楼房。厚实的木制大门,大门中间有一个小门,打开后,可看到门外的敲门人。厨房上面是一卧室,卧室上面是凉台,供养花、凉晒衣服。
六兄弟中和我相处时间最久的是我和三个弟弟。我们在静安里居住时,同家里的两位阿姨相处很融洽。
母亲平时对六兄弟的昵称是:三哥爱堂、四哥锦堂、我松堂、六弟梅堂、七弟柏堂、小弟雪堂。
母亲僱了两位阿姨,一位名叫康阿宝,是七弟柏堂幼年时的奶妈。负责买莱烧饭。一位阿姨姓陈,名秀花,她专管洗衣服。她们同我们四个年轻兄弟很亲近,她们还给我们取了绰号:我的绰号最多,叫“罗宋”、“浓眉毛”和“扑脑壳( 额头长比常人高)”聪明的称呼。六弟维梅叫“憨大”,儍乎乎的称呼。七弟维柏叫“小姑娘”,眉目清秀的称呼 。小弟维雪叫“小老鼠”,机灵鬼的称呼 。
称小弟维雪是机灵的小老鼠也很确切,小弟确是一位非常聪明和机灵的人。多年以后我们四兄弟几十年的经历竟部分验证了阿姨们给我们起的绰号。
我家六兄弟同家里的俩位阿姨相处得很融洽。我家最初养了一只猫,它毛色雪白,为家人的宠物。它每天在一楼大厅门口躺着晒太阳,晚上很少在家里,有时夜间能听到雌猫发情的叫声。
家里厨房有三口灶。两口大灶和一口小灶,一口大灶烧柴火,另一口闲着备用。小灶则用煤泥封着,用于燉热水,捅开后可烧开水。
我记得有一次康阿姨告诉我那只雌猫生了五只小猫,它们睡在那口备用的大灶里,生下的小猫眼睛都还没张开呢。我自然很想看看这几只小猫。但康阿姨说:“你属虎,不能看它们,看后小猫会瞎眼的。”我自然听阿姨的劝告,没敢去看小猫。
母亲有两个哥哥,大娘舅和小娘舅。大娘舅朱承山在上海工部局工作,工部局的工作是负责城市道路和机关建筑检修工作。他住在附近西摩路的一个弄堂里,经常来我家看望母亲。一天他给我家送来一只狗,取名“吉利”。从此我家又多了一只宠物,猫和狗白天都喜欢在一楼厅里躺着晒太阳,它们平安相处,我从没见它们打过架,则喜欢在旁边仔细观察它们的行为。我逐步发现了它们身体上各自的一些特点,它们的眼睛有一个共同点,瞳孔里有一个能开闭自如的盳膜,太阳照到它们的眼睛时,膜便关闭了,就像一扇门一样。太阳光移开后,瞳孔便关小了。
我还发现猫和狗的脚爪都是能伸缩的。但猫的爪子带尖钩能抓人,被它抓住时很痛。而狗的脚爪是钝的,抓住不痛。上海人养宠物猫狗有个说法,要刴去一截尾巴,这样它们才不会丢失。比较难的是怎样敎会猫狗不随地大小便。
我看到如果猫在屋里拉了屎,阿姨们会将它抓到那里,用鸡毛掸子狠狠打它几下。之后猫就乖乖地在外面拉屎了。小狗吉利则很懂事,只要它在天井下水井上拉一次屎,以后它会认识它的拉屎位置。这样,我们家里能始终保持洁净而无臭味。
猫食和狗食不一样。猫吃阿姨从莱市场买来的小鱼、陈鱼,不留一点渣子。小狗吉利则在我们午歺时,坐在饭桌下,啃我们掷下的骨头。阿姨们会将剩饭剩菜留给猫狗吃,因此我们家从没有被倒掉的剩饭剩菜。
外婆住在大娘舅家里,但她时不时地来我家,看到我们正在吃饭时,她就会嘱咐我们说:“吃饭时,漏在桌面上的饭粒,那怕只有几粒,都是农民辛辛苦苦种田的收获,一定都要拣起来吃掉。”
我同阿姨们相处能学到一些自已在学校里学不到的知识。我记得上海人吃鳮喜欢吃阉过的公鳮,说阉过的公鳮肉嫩。上海有一些具有阉鳮技术的人。他们在弄堂里叫喊:“阉鳮啦,阉鳮啦。”我则在厨房里看到被阿姨招呼进来的一位阉鳮的师傅,他一手抓住公鳮,右手拿着一个钩子从公鳮后部插进去,迅速将公鳮的两个睾丸钩了出来,公鳮振翅在地上跳了几下便站在那里,好像什么事都没发生过。
家狗的寿命并不长,吉利在我家呆了不到十年时,我发现它两条后腿瘫痪了,只能靠两条前腿拖着走。用人类的病种判断,好像吉利得了 “脑中风” 。阿姨说:不要让他遭罪了,就把吉利装进一个口袋,将它扔进了黄浦江。
在小学四年级的一个暑假里,大哥组织全家人员到浦东黄浦江旁的游泳场去玩。那天母亲和她的妹妹小阿姨也一起去了。江旁有很多小帐蓬,大哥租了一顶。母亲坐在里面,面向江水,看到全家人在江边活动游玩。我下水时脱掉裤子和内衣,光着屁股下水游泳。那时我并不会游泳,只在浅水处勉强用双手划水扑腾扑腾。小阿姨会游泳,她让我骑在她背上扑进海水开始划水,但毕竟我比较沉重,沉进海水、呛了几口水,不敢再游泳,赶快回到岸上和母亲坐在一起,直到回家再也没有下水。回家里后,我感到脸上、肩上和背上都刺痛,第二天皮肤开始一点点褪下,三个弟弟也都褪了一层表皮。母亲因坐在帐蓬里没受日光曝晒,没有任何不适感觉。
这次在海水中游泳的经历,使我和三位弟弟产生了对游泳的兴趣。在初中学习时,听说上海青年会在西藏路附近有一个游泳池,且是免费的。干是我们四兄弟在每个星期日都去游泳。每次下水都能蹩着气游一个来回,同时还学会了仰游。但没过几天,我们四兄弟的眼睛都红了,这分明是青年会游泳池的水脏,没消毒,从此我们再也没有去过那里。
在上海交大学习期间、我告诉同班同学沈乙孙我曾在浦东黄浦江中游泳的故亊,引起了他的兴趣,他决定同我一起去浦东黄浦江中游泳。我们俩选择一个星期天,一起带了游泳衣裤去了我幼年时去的黄浦江边,但只见到江水混浊,根本不能下水,只好扫兴地而归。
我小学六年级是在沪光中小学学习,因我是插班生,坐在后面,教室很深,上课时既听不清老师讲课的内容,也看不清黑板上写了些什么,这一年没学到什么知识。
上初中一时功课很松,只有语文老师抓得紧,每课的课文必背,英文教科书正是我在觉民小学学习的英文第一册,一年学习下来,在知识方面,我感到没什么收获。但学校经常组织同学们参加课外活动,丰富了我的生活。
抗战开始后不久,国民党大部队撤离了上海,仅留下谢晋元团长的八百壮士固守在黄浦江畔的四行仑库内,但因势单力薄不得不撤到上海沪西的一个军营内,他们只在在沪西军营内操练。
上海市民对谢团长部队固守四行仑库的战斗,颇为称颂。但不久传来消息,谢团长被日军派遣的汉奸剌死,很多上海市民闻讯前往吊唁。我参加了沪光初中同学组织的一次吊唁活动。进军营后,看到中国军人们仍保持正常操练生活,同学在谢团长灵柩前鞠躬行礼后,才一齐离去。
沪光中学也是个基督敎敎会学校,每个月在大礼堂有一次布道活动。我去听过,觉得牧师讲的基督教教义还比较好,觉民和沪光两个教会学校使我对基督敎的教义和活动有了一些初步的了解。
学校内设有三个乒乓球台的训练室,我在沪光中学学会了打乒乓球,平时课余的活动则是在操场边上打弹子(玻璃球)。
我和六弟在沪光中学走读,因离家较近,每天走路上下学,我和六弟有时还会随着公共汽车奔跑上学,总比赛看谁先到站。
我对在沪光中学的学习效果并不满意,决定转校。我的四个哥哥,都是在光华大学的附属中学毕业。三哥建民告诉我,光华附中的师资强,学风好。于是,我从初二开始就转入光华附中就读。
我在初中学习时,大哥家买了一个乒乓球桌子放在一楼的厢房里,三哥和我经常在那里练习打乒乓球,三哥打乒乓球球技比我好得多。闲暇的时候大哥会来看我和三哥的练习打乒乓球,看到我和三哥来回抽杀推挡,觉得打的不错,于是他萌发了一个想法,约上海青年会的乒乓球队来同呂氏兄弟进行一场乒乓球比赛。
大哥吕建康在上海商界比较有名,青年会对同呂家兄弟的比赛很感兴趣,同大哥约定让我们到青年会比赛。比赛那天,青年会要求第一场要同水平最高的呂氏兄弟比赛,大哥却将我排在第一名,三哥第二名。当时和对方交锋时,我败北,而三哥在比赛中却拔了头筹。后来大哥告诉我,他的排名有意通过第一场比赛让三哥了解青年会赛手的水平,再根据对方的风格和水平找准对方的弱点抽杀,这样才赢得比赛。我听后,对大哥安排的战略真是心服口服。
Life in Jing An Lane.
My mother moved our residence to Jing An Lane. It was located by the crossroad of Jing As xi road and Xi Mo road. I understood how careful her intentions were. From the earliest place of our home Wen An lane located in the district of Zhabei,moved to Yu yuan lane located in the western region of Shanghai,later moved to the more eastern Fu te lane. Finally moved to Jing an lane which located in the English concession. It was a region with better public security. I had lived there until I was graduated from Jiao Tong University in 1948. Altogether,I had lived there for 12 years.
Jin An lane was the property of the Jew’s rich merchant Sa Sun. Our home was located in No. 10 in this lane with two storeies. It was a typical “Shi ku men” type building in that century. A thick wooden main door in its front. A small wooden door placed in the middle of the main door for watching who was standing outside. In the ground floor there was a courtyard,a hall,two rooms, one wash room and a kitchen. In the second storey there were one lounge,two bedrooms and a washroom. Above the kitchen was a bedroom for maidservants. Above this room was a balcony or veranda for hanging washed clothes.
Among our six brothers,I had the most time together with my three younger brothers. And also all of our six brothers had very harmonic relationship with two maidservants. My mother often call us intimately. Ai dang for Jian ming,Jing dang for Jian de,Song dang for me,Mai dang for wei mai,Bai dang for Wei bai and Xue dang for Wei xue.
My mother employed two maidservants,the elder one is Kang a bao. She was the wet nurse of my younger brother wei bai. Her duty was to purchase vegetables and all other requirements needed in the preparation of breakfast,lunch and prepared our breakfast,lunch and refreshments. The other one was sister Cheng,her name was Shiu hua. Her duty was washing all the domestic clothes. They were very warm hearted with all of our four brothers. They also gave us nicknames:For me:Dense brow,Russian,and high forehead. For wei mei:Muddle headed. For wei bai:A young girl. And for wei xue:A small mouse, which meant that he was a intelligent boy. This nickname for him was really rather accurate. My youngest brother really was a very wise and intelligent one. The manifestations in the following ten years of us really showed these nicknames were quite accurate for everyone of us.
In our family,all six brothers of us had very good relations with our aunties(maidservants). In our home,we fed a cat with snow white hair. She was a favorite in our home. Everyday in the daytime she lay on the ground of the hall in the first storey in the sunshine enjoying the warm sunshine. But she would go out and rest on the top of our house. I often heard the sound of her estrus calls in the midnight.
There were three cooking stoves in our kitchen,two large ones and a small one. One of the cooking stove was used everyday,wood was used as it fuel,the other stoves were reserves. Ordinary,the small stove was banked up by fine coal ,a bottle filled with water was placed on it for heating water. When we poked a hole on its surface layer,the bottle of water would soon be boiled.
(英文未完待续)