宋圭武观点61：发展中国家应坚持适度开放原则

个人认为，发展中国家应坚持适度开放原则。下面谈谈理由，供大家参考。

国家不开放，搞封闭，肯定不是好事。封闭必然导致退化，因为这也违背大自然进化的一般原则，任何进化系统都是开放的。但国家如何开放，需要立足自身实际选择开放原则。

若是强者，自然是希望越开放越好。因为强者天下无敌，开放风险小，收益大。但对于弱者，则需要谨慎开放。因为弱者开放，由于自身对抗外界的能力弱，必然面临风险大。所以，弱者更需要多采取保守开放策略。

对国家而言，强国必然多倾向开放主义，因为强国有竞争实力。但当强国遇到强有力的竞争对手时，也会倾向保守主义，也会收缩开放战线。

对于弱国而言，总体应坚持保守主义开放思路。为此，个人认为，发展中国家应坚持适度开放原则。

发展中国家，尤其是发展中人口大国，现代化是一件大事，也是一件难事。

理想很丰满，现实很骨感。国际社会的游戏规则是丛林法则。基于利益竞争需要，任何国家都可能不喜欢自己国家以外的国家强大。发展中国家在发展过程中，对任何国家都不要抱太多幻想。自力更生，艰苦奋斗，自强才是最根本。

发展中国家，在思想文化科学层面，可不妨多一些开放。要多吸收国外的先进文化和先进思想以及先进技术。发展中国家要立足长远发展自己。不能急躁，不能浪漫。要首先打好基础。不能用自己的宝贝换别人的玩具。最重要的，一个是要抓好粮食安全；一个是要抓好武器方面的杀手锏，比如核武器等一些尖端武器，要尽可能拥有；一个是要强文化，要打好文化建设的基础。其它方面，可一步一步来。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 61: Developing Countries Should Adhere to the Principle of Moderate Opening-up

Personally, I believe that developing countries should adhere to the principle of moderate opening-up.Here are the reasons for your reference. It is certainly not a good thing for a country not to open up and close up.Close-up will inevitably lead to degradation, because it also violates the general principle of natural evolution, which holds that any evolutionary system is open.However, how a country opens up needs to be based on its actual situation. If it is a strong country, it naturally hopes that the more open it is, the better.Because the strong is invincible, opening up has small risks and large benefits.But for the weak, it needs to be cautious about opening up.Because the weak opens up, it will inevitably face great risks due to its weak ability to fight against the outside world.Therefore, the weak need to adopt a more conservative open strategy. As for countries, powerful countries will inevitably tend to be more open, because powerful countries have competitive strength.But when powerful countries encounter strong competitors, they will also tend to be conservative and shrink their open front. For weak countries, they should generally adhere to the conservative open approach.Therefore, I personally believe that developing countries should adhere to the principle of moderate opening-up. For developing countries, especially for developing countries with large populations, modernization is a great event and a difficult task. The ideal is full, but the reality is very skinny.The game rule of the international community is the law of the jungle. For the sake of interest competition, no country may like a strong country outside its own.In the process of development, developing countries should not have too many illusions about any country.Self-reliance, hard work and self-strengthening are the most fundamental. Developing countries may wish to be more open in terms of ideology, culture and science.They should absorb more advanced culture, advanced ideas and advanced technology from abroad.Developing countries should focus on long-term development.They should not be impatient or romantic.They should first lay a good foundation.They should not exchange their own baby for others' toys.The most important thing is to ensure food security;to grasp the killer weapons in weapons, such as nuclear weapons and other sophisticated weapons, and to have them as much as possible;to strengthen culture and lay a good foundation for cultural construction.Other aspects can be done step by step.OK, thank you, thank you.