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胡敏华：10年“与艾滋病为邻” 坦言歧视比病毒更令人心寒
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今日是第23个世界艾滋病日。
11月29日，卫生部通报中国艾滋病疫情及防治工作情况时指出，截至10月底，累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者和病人37万余例，其中病人13万余例，死亡6.8万余例。
艾滋病患者的增多，更增加了医护人员的护理难度。。
日前，一位护士长写给艾滋病人秋梅的日记“致秋梅”在网上引发强烈反响，该文迅速被国内众多知名论坛转载。11月30日，该文的作者南昌市第九医院感染外科护士长胡敏华告诉记者：“秋梅得知有那么多的人关心自己后，很高兴，现在已经能够积极地配合治疗了。”
胡敏华（左一）与同事照顾病人
从战战兢兢到镇定自如
“艾滋病并不可怕，它是可以用药物控制的。”
11月29日下午，南昌市第九医院感染外科，护士长胡敏华帮秋梅将被子盖好，叮嘱她“好好休息，过会我再来看你”。小心地将病房门关上后，身着浅蓝色护士服，白鞋、白裤、白口罩的胡敏华看出了记者的疑惑，“我们护士平时跟病人接触时都穿普通的护士服，没有什么特制的防护服”。
这身护士服，胡敏华一穿就是22年。
1988年7月，刚从南昌市卫生学校毕业的胡敏华成为南昌市第九医院的一名助产士。2000年12月，医院经省卫生厅批准挂牌江西省艾滋病治疗中心，工作扎实又具有妇产科工作经验的胡敏华被安排到性病科成为艾滋病病房的首任护士长。
虽然护理有相通之处，但在那个谈“艾”色变的年代，护理艾滋病人，同艾滋病人零距离接触，是一个十分陌生的概念。胡敏华告诉记者，在成为艾滋病病房护士长之前，她只知道艾滋病是一种令人生畏的传染病，所有得了艾滋病的人无一例外要面临死亡。
没有足够的艾滋病知识，没有现成的工作制度，刚成为护士长的胡敏华每一步都走得战战兢兢。机会很快来临，2001年3月，医院派胡敏华远赴香港参加国际艾滋病护理培训。30天的学习，让胡敏华满载而归。
回到医院，胡敏华就立即学以致用，组织护士培训护理知识和院内感染管理知识、制定艾滋病门诊工作制度和患者接诊流程。此时的她已镇定自如，“艾滋病并不可怕，它是可以用药物控制的”。
“歧视比病毒本身更令人心寒”
艾滋病只是一种病毒，人们应该用正确的眼光看待它。对艾滋患者来说，歧视往往比病毒本身更令人心寒。
虽然上岗前接受过培训，也知道遵守操作规程就不会有问题，但心理障碍不是短时间内就可以克服的。
胡敏华坦言，最初接触艾滋病患者时，仍然很紧张。每次进病房，她都“全副武装”：护士服、帽子、口罩、橡皮手套一样不少。“现在想起来自己当时挺可笑的，不过那时真是害怕,”回想起那时的样子，胡敏华自己先笑了。
其他护士对记者谈起自己刚来时进病房的经历，也会忍不住笑起来。但有些事，护士们怎么也笑不出来。许多患者因查出HIV呈阳性即被单位开除；有的患者遭亲人、朋友唾弃，临死也没人探望；更有的患者不敢在家乡生活，流浪外地靠打零工、捡垃圾勉强维生……“记得有一个病人叫王小刚（化名），刚来时怀疑是癌症，在普通病房住院，来看他的亲戚朋友络绎不绝。”谈起病人的遭遇，胡敏华放低了声音,“后来确诊是艾滋病，转到艾滋病房，除了至亲，朋友们再也没有来看他的。我至今记得，他抬起头，像个犯了错误的孩子一样问我：‘护士长，我把自己得艾滋病的消息告诉了朋友，他们就没来看过我，是我做错了吗？’”
“王小刚花了很大的勇气才把自己患艾滋病的消息告诉外界，可结果呢？癌症和艾滋病都是病，但为什么癌症容易引起人们的同情，而艾滋病反而会引发人们的厌恶感？”胡敏华扶了下眼镜，说道，“这是因为艾滋病很容易与道德问题牵扯在一起，一些人对艾滋病人的印象已根深蒂固，你要把旧的思想挖出来，再种上新的种子，很不容易。其实艾滋病只是一种病毒，人们应该用正确的眼光看待它。对艾滋患病者来说，歧视往往比病毒本身更令人心寒。”
“让病人回归正常的生活”
艾滋病患者无论是以何种途径被感染，都生活在被排斥、被歧视的阴影中。这时，如果有亲人能够陪伴、共同面对，相信他们的压力会减小很多，回到正常生活轨道的几率也会增加。
直至目前，胡敏华所在的南昌市第九医院艾滋病门诊已接待了数百位感染者和患者，门诊还为这些感染者和患者建立了健康档案。
捧着健康档案，胡敏华感慨万千，这些患者当中最小的还不到8岁，最大的已经86岁，他们当中有如花的少年，也有已经事业有成的中年人，自从发现患有艾滋病后，大多数人的生活轨迹都发生了改变。
李丽（化名）的丈夫张涛（化名）因与风尘女子发生关系感染上艾滋病，随后张涛又让毫不知情的李丽也感染上了。查出病情后，受到打击的李丽欲与丈夫同归于尽。她的异常举动被家人发现，家人将两人带到南昌市第九医院。
治疗期间，李丽几次想自杀，胡敏华得知情况后，将李丽拉到自己的办公室，同她聊起了家常。
当李丽谈到丈夫的背叛，自己又无辜受感染时，她双手掩面，泣不成声：“护士长，我活不下去了，我该怎么办？”胡敏华紧握她的手，让她靠在自己的肩上，任由她哭诉。待李丽平静下来，胡敏华对她说：“身为女人，你的痛，我能懂！你要坚强！这个病只要控制得当，你就可以和正常人一样生活！”……那一天，李丽将所有的苦水都倒了出来。此后，胡敏华又多次同李丽聊天，并在谈话中有意识地多次谈到张涛，李丽的心结慢慢打开，张涛也表示了悔改之意。终于，夫妻俩破镜重圆。
看到他们和好，胡敏华很是欣慰：“艾滋病患者无论是以何种途径被感染，都生活在被排斥、被歧视的阴影中。这时，如果有亲人能够陪伴、共同面对，相信他们的压力会减小很多，回到正常生活轨道的几率也会增加。”
“最好的回报是秋梅态度转变了”
当时就是想把自己的心理历程记录下来，每当看见不配合治疗、不珍惜自己生命的艾滋病人，我就有很多话想对他们说。我把这些话也写在微博上，希望能使更多的人关心艾滋病人。
在当护士长的10年时间里，胡敏华不仅帮助过一同患上艾滋病的夫妻，还帮助过因输血而感染的大学生、从出生就开始服用抗艾滋药物的婴儿、因吸食毒品而患上艾滋病的吸毒者……
秋梅也是胡敏华帮助的患者之一。胡敏华告诉记者，秋梅不是患者的真名，“取名秋梅，是因为虽是走向寒冬，却也是该拥有‘梅’之傲骨、该有抵御寒冷的勇气”。
胡敏华与秋梅相识在2008年。当时的秋梅年仅32岁，丈夫因为吸毒被送进了监狱，2岁的儿子在一年前全身皮肤溃烂死亡，只剩不满8岁的女儿陪在她身边。“当时秋梅的女儿被诊断出患有艾滋病，我们判断她一双儿女患病，很有可能是通过母婴传染。”胡敏华说，确诊报告下来后，秋梅痛不欲生，她认为是自己害死了儿子和女儿。
2008年5月，女儿离世后，秋梅逃离家中，再也没有出现在胡敏华的视线中。直到今年11月7日，奄奄一息的秋梅被房东送到第九医院。经过抢救，秋梅活了过来，但却拒绝配合护士的治疗。
看到这样的秋梅，胡敏华很焦急，也很不安。
11月9日，胡敏华开通了微博，取名为“与艾滋病为邻”。
11月19日，胡敏华在微博上发表了“致秋梅”一文，文章引起读者的共鸣，近千条留言中网友纷纷鼓励秋梅要鼓起活下去的勇气。
谈起写博文的初衷，胡敏华表示：“当时就是想把自己的心理历程记录下来，每当看见不配合治疗、不珍惜自己生命的艾滋病人，我就有很多话想对他们说。我把这些话也写在微博上，希望能使更多的人关心艾滋病人。”
对于“致秋梅”引发的反响，胡敏华笑着摇摇头：“如果不是同事告诉我，我也不会知道反响这么大。我把这件事情跟秋梅说了，看见有这么多人关心、鼓励自己，秋梅很高兴，她现在已经能积极配合治疗了。秋梅的态度出现了转变，是我写这篇博文得到得最好的回报。”
“职业暴露是我必须面对的”
10年来，她们每天都处在艾滋病职业暴露的最前沿。“我们没有恐惧，”胡敏华告诉记者，“因为我们没有理由拒绝任何一个艾滋病患者。”
病人能够积极配合治疗，是艾滋病房护士们最开心的事情，这样的开心可以暂时缓解一下她们时刻紧绷的神经。
在医院里，“职业暴露”这4个字是护士们心里绷得最紧的一根“高压线”。护士们必须严格按照护理程序操作，不能有半点马虎，否则就有可能因“职业暴露”而被感染。
“我们平时为患者输液后，处理针头和针管时距离身体最少要有50厘米远，针头不能与身体皮肤接触，针管不能甩，二者都必须谨慎处理，放到专用的收纳箱内。”艾滋病房的欧阳水明护士告诉记者，很多护士都将这份职业谨慎带到了生活中，“比如我，虽然是短发，但剪头发时从来不让理发师用刀刮”。
尽管护士们小心谨慎，但意外还是偶尔会发生。
一天，护士晓莉（化名）在给一个艾滋病人打完针后，拔针头时，针头因为软管反弹而弹到了她的手上，皮肤被刺到。虽然接受过专业训练，但当“职业暴露”真的到来时，晓莉仍旧被吓到。看着晓莉冲到水龙头下不停的冲洗被扎伤的创口、挤出伤口内的血液，很多护士在旁边干着急帮不上忙。
用流水冲洗了近30分钟后，晓莉就被送到疾病控制中心服药。对艾滋病职业暴露来说，“服药”代表的不是每天一杯开水、两个药片那么简单。“几乎每个服药的人都面临极大的挑战——大部分人都会产生恶心、呕吐等严重副反应，药品还会对人的肝、肾功能造成损害。”晓莉在服药期间，承受了巨大的痛苦。幸运的是，6个月后，经过检测，她没有被感染。
“职业暴露，是每一个感染科医护人员都有可能遇到的问题，也是我们这个职业中最大的风险之一。”胡敏华表示，“但作为一名艾滋病房护理人员，职业暴露的危险也我们必须面对的，不能因为对职业暴露的恐惧而不实行基本的医护职责。谁让我选择了这个与艾滋病为邻的职业呢？”
自2000年江西省艾滋病治疗中心成立以来，胡敏华和她的同事们已在艾滋病护理的岗位上工作了10年。10年来，她们每天都处在艾滋病职业暴露的最前沿。“我们没有恐惧，”胡敏华告诉记者，“因为我们没有理由拒绝任何一个艾滋病患者。”
□文/陶巧珍记者刘星□图/记者韩长明
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| 来源： 大江网—新法制报 |
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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Hu Minhua: 10 years "with AIDS as neighbors," admits discrimination is more chilling than the virus
http://www.jxnews.com.cn 2010-12-01 09:44
Today is World AIDS Day 23.
November 29, the Ministry of Health AIDS epidemic in China and prevention and control work, pointed out that as of the end of October, the cumulative reported HIV infection and the patient more than 37 cases, of which 13 million cases of patients, the death of 6.8 million cases.
AIDS cases, but also increased the difficulty of nursing staff. .
Recently, a nurse wrote to the journal AIDS Qiumei "To Qiumei" triggered a strong reaction on the Internet, the paper was quickly reproduced in many well-known forums. November 30, the text of the ninth hospital infection Nanchang Hu Minhua surgical nurse, told reporters: "Qiumei that there are so many people are concerned about their own, the very happy now able to actively cooperate with the treatment of."
Hu Minhua (left) and colleagues to take care of the patient
From fear and trepidation to the calm and composed
"AIDS is not terrible, it can be controlled with medication."
November 29 afternoon, the ninth hospital infection Nanchang Surgery, Nursing Hu Minhua will help Qiumei quilt cover, told her "a good rest, I too will look at you." After the room closed the door carefully, dressed in light blue Hu Shifu, white shoes, white pants, white masks doubts Hu Minhua see a reporter, "We are in contact with the patient nurses usually wear ordinary Hu Shifu, no special protective clothing. "
This body Hu Shifu, Hu Minhua is a wear 22 years.
July 1988, fresh out of graduate school health Hu Minhua Nanchang Nanchang ninth hospital as a midwife. December 2000, the hospital listed by the Jiangxi Provincial Health Department approval of AIDS treatment center, work is solid but also has experience in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Hu Minhua Venereology be placed first AIDS ward nurse.
Although care has in common, but in the talk about "Ai" mere mention of the age, care of people with AIDS, with AIDS up close, is a very alien concept. Hu Minhua, told reporters in a AIDS ward nurse, she only knew that AIDS is a formidable infectious diseases, AIDS, without exception, all had to face death.
Do not have enough knowledge about AIDS, there is no ready-made system of work, just as the head nurse Hu Minhua walk every step gingerly. The opportunity is coming soon, in March 2001, the hospital sent Hu Minhua went to Hong Kong in international HIV care training. 30 days of learning, so Hu Minhua rewarding experience.
Back to the hospital, Hu Minhua immediately apply what they learn, organize the training of nurses and hospital infection control in nursing knowledge, knowledge work systems and the development of AIDS patients with out-patient admissions process. This time, she has been calm and composed, "AIDS is not terrible, it can be controlled with medication."
"Discrimination is more chilling than the virus itself"
HIV is a virus, people should look at it with the correct. Of HIV patients, discrimination is often more chilling than the virus itself.
Although pre-service trained and know abide by the rules will have no problems, but the psychological barrier than a short time can be overcome.
Hu Minhua frankly, when the initial contact with AIDS patients, is still very tense. Every time into the ward, she "fully armed": Hu Shifu, hats, masks, rubber gloves, like a lot. "It was quite funny to think of it himself, but I really was scared," recalled the way that time, Hu Minhua their first laugh.
Other nurses told reporters about his experience When I first came into the ward, can not help but laugh. But some things, how can the nurses laugh. Many patients found HIV positive Jibei fired units; some patients were relatives, friends, cast aside, dying and no one to visit; more of patients not living at home, wandering the field by doing odd jobs, barely a living picking up litter ... ... "I remember a patient named Xiao-Gang Wang (a pseudonym), had just arrived when the suspected cancer, in the general ward patient, relatives and friends flocked to see him." about the patient's experience, Hu Minhua lowered his voice, "then diagnosed with AIDS, to AIDS housing, in addition to close relatives and friends no longer see him. I still remember, he looked like a mistake, like a child asked me: 'nurse, I have AIDS themselves the news to friends, they would not see me, I doing wrong? '"
"Xiao-Gang Wang spent a lot of courage only then the news of their suffering from AIDS tell the outside world can be the result? Cancer and AIDS are diseases, but why the sympathy of the people prone to cancer, and AIDS, but will lead to people's sense of disgust?" Hu Minhua help the next glasses, said, "This is because AIDS is easy and ethical issues involved with some people the impression that AIDS has been deeply rooted, you dig out the old ideas, and then planted a new seed, is not easy . In fact, HIV is a virus, people should look at it with the correct. of HIV prevalence are concerned, discrimination is often even more chilling than the virus itself. "
"Let the patient return to normal life"
No matter the means by which AIDS patients are infected are living in marginalized and discriminated against in the shadow. At this time, if their loved ones to accompany to face, I believe they will reduce a lot of pressure back to normal life will increase the chance of the track.
So far, Hu Minhua Nanchang, where the patient has received the ninth hospital AIDS infected and hundreds of patients, patient but also for those infected and patients to establish a health file.
Holding health records, Hu Minhua filled with emotion, the smallest of these patients were less than 8 years of age, the biggest has been 86 years old, the young flower of them, but also middle-aged man had a successful career, since the discovery of AIDS, the Most people's lives have changed trajectory.
Li Li (pseudonym), her husband Zhang Tao (a pseudonym) for a relationship with prostitutes infected with HIV, then no knowledge of letting Tao Li Li also infected with. Identify the disease, there have been hit Li Li and her husband want to die. Her family members found to be unusual move, the family will bring both the ninth hospital in Nanchang.
During treatment, Li Li several times wanted to commit suicide, Hu Minhua that situation, the Lili La to his office, chatted with her homemade.
When Li Li comes to her husband's betrayal, but it is innocent of infection, she bury, broke down in tears: "nurse, I can not live, and how can I do?" Hu Minhua clasped her hands, she leaned their shoulders and let her cry. To be calm Li Li, Hu Minhua said to her: "As a woman, your pain, I can understand! You strong! The disease as long as the control properly, you can live like normal people!" ... ... That day, Lee Korea have all the grievances poured out. Since then, Hu Minhua Li Li chat with on many occasions, and in many conscious conversation about Tao, Li Li's heart was slowly opened, Zhang Tao, also expressed repentance. Finally, the couple reunited.
And good to see them, Hu Minhua was very pleased: "In what way, whether AIDS infected are living in the exclusion, the shadow of discrimination. At this point, if their loved ones to accompany to face, believe that they a lot of pressure will reduce the return to normal life will increase the chance of track. "
"The best reward is Qiumei attitude has changed"
At that time they want to record their own mental processes, Whenever I see do not cooperate with treatment, do not value their own lives of people with AIDS, I have much to say to them. I also wrote these words in the micro-blog, we hope to make more people care about AIDS.
When the head nurse in the 10 years, Hu Minhua not only helped with a couple suffering from AIDS, but also helped students were infected through blood transfusion, from birth to start taking anti-HIV drugs to infants, because of suffering from AIDS drugs drug users ... ...
Qiu Mei is one of Hu Minhua help patients. Hu Minhua told reporters Qiumei not the real name of patients, "named Qiumei, because although towards winter, it is also the owner 'plum' of the proud and the have the courage to withstand the cold."
Hu Minhua and Qiumei met in 2008. Qiumei only 32 years old at the time, her husband sent to prison because of drug use, 2-year-old son died a year ago, the body skin ulcers, 8-year-old daughter left unhappy stay with her. "At the time Qiumei daughter was diagnosed with AIDS, we determine the prevalence of her son and daughter, most likely through mother to child transmission." Hu Minhua, said the report confirmed down, Qiumei'd rather die, she thought killed himself son and daughter.
May 2008, his daughter upon his death, Qiumei fled home, no longer appear in the Hu Minhua of sight. Until November 7 this year, the landlord sent the dying Qiumei was the ninth hospital. After rescue, Qiumei come alive, but refused to cooperate with the treatment of nurses.
See this Qiumei, Hu Minhua very anxious and very upset.
November 9, Hu Minhua opened to it, and is known as "neighbors and AIDS."
November 19, Hu Minhua published in the micro-blog "To Qiumei" article, the article arouse the reader's sympathy, nearly a thousand shouts of encouragement Qiumei User have to muster the courage to live.
Bowen's original intention to write about, Hu Minhua, said: "At the time they want to record their own mental processes, Whenever I see do not cooperate with treatment, do not value their own lives of people with AIDS, I have much to say to them. I put them words are written in the micro-blog, we hope to make more people care about AIDS. "
For "To Qiumei" trigger a response, Hu Minhua smiled and shook his head: "If it is not my colleagues told me that I would not know such a big response. I said this thing with the Qiumei, and saw so many people concerned about encourage their own, Qiumei very happy, she is now able to actively cooperate with treatment. Qiumei change in attitude there is to write this blog I get the best return. "
"Occupational exposure that I have to face"
10 years, they are in daily occupational exposure to the forefront of AIDS. "We do not fear," Hu Minhua told reporters, "because we have no reason to reject any of the AIDS."
Able to actively cooperate with the treatment of patients, nurses, AIDS Housing happiest thing that can temporarily ease about their happy moments frayed nerves.
In the hospital, "occupational exposure" This word is 4 nurses stretched most tight heart a "high-tension line." Care nurses must be strictly in accordance with operating procedures, can not have any slack, otherwise it is likely to "occupational exposure" and to be infected.
"We are usual in patients after infusion, when dealing with needles and syringes need at least 50 cm away from the body away, the needle can not be physical contact with the skin, the needle can not be dumped, both of which must be handled carefully incorporated into a dedicated box." AIDS Ming Ouyang water room nurse told reporters that many nurses will be brought to the professional care of life, "like me, though short hair, but never let the barber cut my hair when using Daogua."
Although the nurses are careful, but accidents still occasionally occur.
One day, nurses Xiao-li (a pseudonym) was giving an AIDS after a shot, pulling the needle, the needle elastic rebound due to the hose to her hands, was stabbed to the skin. Although trained, but "occupational exposure" really comes, Xiaoli still scared. Xiao-Li rushed to stop looking at it under the tap and rinse the wound was stabbed, the blood out of the wound, many nurses in the next anxious not help.
With running water for nearly 30 minutes, Xiaoli was sent to the Centers for Disease Control medication. Occupational exposure to AIDS, the "drug" represents not a glass of water every day, two pills that simple. "Almost every medication people are facing a great challenge - most people will have nausea, vomiting and other serious side effects, drugs will be on human liver and kidney damage." Xiao-li in the medication, suffered great pain. Fortunately, 6 months, after testing, she had not been infected.
"Occupational exposure, subjects of each and every infected health care workers are likely to encounter problems, but also our profession one of the biggest risk." Hu Minhua said, "but as an AIDS house nurses, occupational exposure to danger that we must face, not because of fear of occupational exposure to the implementation of basic health care duties. Who I chose this career and AIDS is adjacent to it? "
Since 2000, Jiangxi Province since the establishment of AIDS treatment center, Hu Minhua and her colleagues in AIDS care 10 years on the job. 10 years, they are in daily occupational exposure to the forefront of AIDS. "We do not fear," Hu Minhua told reporters, "because we have no reason to reject any of the AIDS."
□ Text / Taoqiao Zhen Xing □ Figure journalists / reporters Han Changming
Source: Dajiang Wang - New Legal News
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