你知道为什么害怕“艾滋病”这三个字么?艾滋病不同感染期症状
本是帮助艾滋病患者消除恐惧心理的国内首个艾滋病心理关怀门诊,没想到门诊运行两个月来,接诊的50人当中,艾滋病患者不到一成,九成光临者却是艾滋病恐惧症患者。
去年12月1日,武汉大学中南医院开设了国内首个艾滋病心理关怀门诊,旨在对艾滋病患者进行心理疏导
门诊负责人、武汉大学中南医院咨询室副教授肖劲松说:“专为艾滋病患者开设的心理门诊,却来了很多身体健康的人,这让我们始料未及。”
大年初三,肖劲松曾接诊了一位“恐艾”患者。这是位刚走上工作岗位的大学生,在与一个网友发生性关系不久后,便出现发烧、浑身乏力、失眠、食欲下降、淋巴结肿大等症状。
他上网一查,与艾滋病的早期症状十分相似,他认为自己一定是得了艾滋病,虽然到医院做了相关检查,排除了感染的可能,但他仍不相信,对生活几乎绝望。
听说有艾滋病心理关怀门诊,他正月初三就来到门诊,希望解除恐艾心理。
“恐艾症”(艾滋病恐惧症)是由于对艾滋病强烈恐惧,出现焦虑、抑郁等多种心理症状和行为异常的心理障碍疾病,是最近几年才出现的一种新病。
肖劲松指出,随着我国艾滋病感染人群由血液传播为主向性传播为主的转变,“恐艾”症患者逐渐增多,患者包涵有过高危行为的人,也有没发生过高危行为的人,并以高学历的白领居多。
一年又一年,在我们年龄增长的同时,我们肩负的责任也越来越大,我们不得不拼命去工作,只为了养活我们心爱的那个家,然而,随着我们投入到工作的时间越来越多,而分给爱人的时间越来越少时,我们是否感觉其实爱人很需要你?你是否也感觉自己花费在夫妻生活方面的时间也在逐渐减少?你是否感觉自己的性趣在逐渐下降?也许你不该让生活为工作让路......
艾滋病不同感染期症状
从感染艾滋病病毒到发病有一个完整的自然过程,临床上将这个过程分为四期:急性感染期、潜伏期、艾滋病前期、典型艾滋病期。不是每个感染者都会完整的出现四期表现,但每个疾病阶段的患者在临床上都可以见到。四个时期不同的临床表现是一个渐进的和连贯的病程发展过程。
1、急性感染期 窗口期也在这个时间。HIV侵袭人体后对机体的刺激所引起的反应。病人发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、还会发生乏力、出汗、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、咽炎等。有的还出现急性无菌性脑膜炎,表现为头痛、神经性症状和脑膜刺激症。末梢血检查,白细胞总数正常,或淋巴细胞减少,单核细胞增加。急性感染期时,症状常较轻微,容易被忽略。当这种发热等周身不适症状出现后5周左右,血清HIV抗体可呈现阳性反应。此后,临床上出现一个长短不等的、相对健康的、无症状的潜伏期。
2、潜伏期 感染者可以没有任何临床症状,但潜伏期不是静止期,更不是安期,病毒在持续繁殖,具有强烈的破坏作用。潜伏期指的是从感染HIV开始,到出现艾病临床症状和体征的时间。艾滋病的平均潜伏期,现在认为是2-10年。这对早期发现病人及预防都造成很大困难。
3、艾滋病前期 潜伏期后开始出现与艾滋病有关的症状和体征,直至发展成典型的艾滋病的一段时间。这个时期,有很多命名,包括"艾滋病相关综合症"、"淋巴结病相关综合症"、"持续性泛发性淋巴结病"、"艾滋病前综合症"等。这时,病人已具备了艾滋病的最基本特点,即细胞免疫缺陷,只是症状较轻而已。主要的临床表现有:
A。淋巴结肿大 此期最主要的临床表现之一。主要是浅表淋巴结肿大。发生的部位多见于头颈部、腋窝、腹股沟、颈后、耳前、耳后、股淋巴结、颌下淋巴结等。一般至少有两处以上的部位,有的多达十几处。肿大的淋巴结对一般治疗无反应,常持续肿大超过半年以上。约30%的病人临床上只有浅表淋巴结肿大,而无其他全身症状。
B、全身症状 病人常有病毒性疾病的全身不适,肌肉疼痛等症状。约50%的病有疲倦无力及周期性低热,常持续数月。夜间盗汗,1月内多于5次。约1/3的病人体重减轻10%以上,这种体重减轻不能单纯用发热解释,补充足够的热量也不能控制这种体重减轻。有的病人头痛、抑郁或焦虑,有的出现感觉神经末梢病变,可能与病毒侵犯神经系统有关,有的可出现反应性精神紊乱。3/4的病人可出现脾肿大。
C、各种感染 此期除了上述的浅表淋巴结肿大和全身症状外,患者经常出现各种特殊性或复发性的非致命性感染。反复感染会加速病情的发展,使疾病进入典型的艾滋病期。约有半数病人有比较严重的脚癣,通常是单侧的,对局部治疗缺乏有效的反应,病人的腋窝和腹股沟部位常发生葡萄球菌感染大疱性脓庖疮,病人的肛周、生殖器、负重部位和口腔黏膜常发生尖锐湿疣和寻常疣病毒感染。口唇单纯疱疹和胸部带状疱疹的发生率也较正常人群明显增加。口腔白色念菌也相当常见,主要表现为口腔黏膜糜烂、充血、有乳酪状覆盖物。
其他常见的感染有非链球菌性咽炎,急性和慢性鼻窦炎和肠道寄生虫感染。许多病人排便次数增多,变稀、带有黏液。可能与直肠炎及多种病原微生物对肠道的侵袭有关。此外,口腔可出现毛状白斑,毛状白斑的存在是早期诊断艾滋病的重要线索。
4、典型的艾滋病期 有的学者称其为致死性艾滋病,是艾滋病病毒感染的最终阶段。此期具有三个基本特点:
严重的细胞免疫缺陷。
发生各种致命性机会性感染。
发生各种恶性肿瘤。
艾滋病的终期,免疫功能全面崩溃,病人出现各种严重的综合病症,直至死亡。
确诊艾滋病不能光靠临床表现,最重要的根据是检查者的血液检测是否为阳性结果,所以怀疑自身感染HIV后应当及时到当地的卫生检疫部门做检查,千万不要自己乱下诊断。
Do you know why Afraid "AIDS" This is what three words? Different symptoms of AIDS infection
This is to help eliminate the fear of AIDS in China's first AIDS outpatient psychological care, patient did not expect to run the past two months, reception 50 persons, AIDS patients into less than 1,九成to those who are patients with AIDS-phobia .
December 1 last year, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital opened China's first AIDS outpatient psychological care to AIDS patients with psychological
Out-patient person in charge, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, associate professor of counseling rooms肖劲松said: "The creation of AIDS patients for the psychological out-patient, but to a lot of healthy people, which gives us unexpected."
Three big early, reception肖劲松had a "fear of AIDS" patients. This is a bit left on the work of university students, a netizen with the sexual relationship happened shortly after, they developed symptoms of fever, body weakness, insomnia, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes and other symptoms.
上网him one investigation, with the early symptoms of AIDS are very similar, he believes he must have had AIDS, although the hospital to do the relevant checks, ruled out the possibility of infection, but he does not believe that almost despair of life.
Have heard of AIDS outpatient psychological care, came to him three days of out-patient day, hoping to lift the psychological fear of AIDS.
"Ai fear syndrome" (AIDS-phobia) are strong because of AIDS, fear, anxiety, depression and other psychological symptoms and behavioral abnormalities of mental disorders is only in recent years a new disease.
肖劲松pointed out that with China's AIDS population mainly by blood-borne dissemination of the main changes in tropism, "fear of AIDS" patients gradually increased, the patient has had high-risk behavior includes people who have not been high-risk behavior, and to highly educated white-collar majority.
Year after year, in our age, we shoulder the responsibility of growing, we have to go work hard, only for that to feed our beloved home, however, as we invest more time to work to many more, and points to the increasingly fewer time lover, do we feel is necessary in fact love you? Do you also feel that they spent on the time of married life is also gradually reduced? Do you feel interested in the steady decline? Perhaps you work to make way for the Living不该让......
Different symptoms of AIDS infection
From the incidence of HIV infection have a complete natural processes, clinical general this process is divided into four phases: acute infection period, incubation period, pre-AIDS, a view typical of AIDS. Not every infected person will complete the performance of the emergence of four, but each disease stage of patients in clinical practice can all see. Four different clinical manifestations of the period is a gradual and consistent course of development process.
1, acute infection window period is the time. HIV attacks the human body to stimulate the body caused by the reaction. Patients with fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, but also happened weakness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pharyngitis, etc.. Some acute aseptic meningitis, manifested as headache, nerve disorder symptoms and meningeal irritation. Peripheral blood examination, the total number of normal leukocytes, or lymphocytes decreased monocyte increase. Period of acute infection, the symptoms often relatively minor, easily ignored. When the fever, such as whole body symptoms after about 5 weeks, serum HIV antibody positive. Since then, the clinical emergence of a length ranging from a relatively healthy, asymptomatic incubation period.
2, the incubation period can be infected without any clinical symptoms, but the latency is not a quiescent period, and certainly not security period, the virus continues to reproduce, with a strong role in the destruction. The incubation period refers to the HIV infection from the beginning to the emergence of AI disease clinical symptoms and signs of time. The average incubation period of AIDS is now considered to be 2-10 years. This is the early detection of patients and the prevention of all cause great difficulties.
3, AIDS began to appear after pre-incubation period of AIDS-related symptoms and signs until AIDS developed into a typical period of time. This period, there are many names, including "AIDS-related syndrome," "lymphadenopathy associated syndrome", "persistent generalized lymphadenopathy", "pre-AIDS syndrome" and so on. At this time, AIDS patients have already met the most basic characteristics, namely, cellular immune defects, but no more than minor symptoms. The main clinical manifestations are:
A. Lymph nodes in this period one of the most important clinical manifestations. Mainly superficial lymphadenopathy. Site happened was particularly prevalent in the head and neck, armpits, groin, neck, preauricular, retroauricular, stock lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes and so on. Generally has at least two or more parts, some as many as a dozen Department. Swollen lymph node on the general treatment of non-response, often sustained for more than six months or more nodes. About 30% of patients clinically only superficial lymphadenopathy, without other systemic symptoms.
B, patients often have systemic symptoms of viral diseases of general malaise, muscle pain and other symptoms. About 50% of the patients have low heat cyclical weakness and fatigue, often continuing for several months. Night sweats, one month more than 5 times. About 1 / 3 of patients more than 10% weight loss, such weight loss can not simply explain the use of heat, add enough heat not be able to control this weight loss. Some patients with headaches, depression or anxiety, and some lesions appeared sensory nerve endings may be related to HIV-related violations of the nervous system, and some may be reactive mental disorders. 3 / 4 of patients may be splenomegaly.
C, a variety of infections in this period apart from the superficial lymph nodes and systemic symptoms, the patients with a variety of particularity or recurrent non-fatal recurrent infections. Repeated infection may accelerate the disease progresses, so that the disease entered the typical period of AIDS. About half of patients have more serious athlete's foot, usually unilateral, and the lack of an effective local treatment of the reaction, the patient's armpit and groin sites often happen aureus infection bullous kitchen septic sores, the patient's perianal, genital, weight-bearing location and oral mucosa often happen Condyloma and verruca vulgaris virus. Lips and chest herpes simplex herpes zoster incidence than the normal population increased significantly. Oral bacteria also read quite common, mainly manifested erosive oral mucosa, hyperemia, have cheese-like cover.
Other common infections have non-streptococci pharyngitis, acute and chronic sinusitis and intestinal parasitic infections. Many patients the increased frequency of defecation,-thinning, with mucus. May be related to proctitis and a variety of pathogenic microorganisms relevant to intestinal invasion. In addition, oral hairy leukoplakia can occur, the existence of hairy leukoplakia are the early diagnosis of AIDS is an important clue.
4, typical of AIDS, some scholars view it as fatal AIDS, HIV infection are the final stage. This period has three basic characteristics:
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