宋圭武观点144圈子文化泛滥的根源
所谓圈子，实质就是一个基于某种关系原则自动形成或有意识建立的一个松散或紧密的团队，圈子里一般会有核心人物，也可能没有。当圈子成为社会游戏的一种主要力量时，则圈子形成圈子文化。
圈子文化为什么会泛滥，个人认为，与社会正式规则稀缺或社会无序度大有关。当社会正式规则稀缺或无序度大时，人们为了弥补这种高风险缺陷，必然客观需要通过建立更多的圈子或通过建立更多的关系网来保护个人利益。圈子在这里既有降低风险的作用，也有提高收益的作用。
一般而言，若社会缺乏敬畏意识，必然人格很难实现内在自觉。人格没有内在自觉，社会机会主义必然泛滥，社会必然正式规则稀缺或无序度大，这就容易滋生圈子文化。另外，在战乱年代，由于社会无序度增加，圈子文化也容易泛滥。
圈子靠什么纽带形成，一个是靠天然纽带，这主要是血缘纽带。基于血缘纽带形成的圈子，具有天然的特征，这也是任何人都回避不了的。还有一个是靠后天的纽带。地缘是一个纽带。比如，基于老乡，可形成圈子。业缘是一个纽带，比如，基于职业关系可形成圈子。学缘是一个纽带，比如，基于同学关系也可形成圈子。这多种纽带形成的圈子有松有紧，互相加总，最终全社会圈子套圈子、大圈子套小圈子、小圈子套大圈子，各种圈子互相嵌套，形成一个密密麻麻的圈子网络。这里圈子网络既为个人提供收益增加渠道，也为个人提供降低风险保障。
圈子为什么往往比较稳固，因为基于圈子的博弈多是熟人博弈，而熟人博弈具有多次重复博弈特征，这不同于陌生人之间的一次性博弈。由于多次重复博弈必然存在违规惩罚的机会，所以，圈子里的人必然大多具有自觉遵守规则的特征。凝固圈子的水泥是利益，当圈子内部成员存在严重利益冲突时，圈子大多会解散。社会中的关系文化，组织生活中的宗派主义等，都是圈子文化的不同表现。
如何破解圈子文化，社会讲规则是基础，这需要社会绝大部分人实现人格自觉，而实现人格自觉客观需要建设有浓厚敬畏意识的文化。
上述看法仅供参考。好，谢谢，谢谢。
Song Guiwu's Viewpoint144 The Root of Circle Culture's Spread
The so-called circle， in essence， is a loose or tight team that is automatically formed or consciously established based on a certain relationship principle. There will be a core figure in the circle， but there may not be.When the circle becomes a major force in social games， the circle forms circle culture.Why circle culture will spread？ Personally， it is related to the scarcity of social formal rules or the degree of social disorder.When social formal rules are scarce or disordered， in order to make up for this high-risk defect， people will inevitably need to build more circles or more relationship networks to protect their personal interests.The circle here has the function of reducing risks and increasing returns.Generally speaking， if the society lacks the sense of awe， it will be difficult for the personality to realize inherent self-consciousness.Without inherent self-consciousness， social opportunism will certainly spread， and the society will inevitably have a scarcity of formal rules or disorder. This will easily breed circle culture.In addition， in wartime， circle culture is also easy to spread because of the increase of social disorder. Circles are formed by what bonds. One is formed by natural bonds， mainly by blood ties.The circle formed based on blood ties has natural characteristics， which no one can avoid. There is also a link that depends on the acquired.Geographical proximity is a link.For example， a circle can be formed based on the hometown.Industrial proximity is a link， for example， a circle can be formed based on professional relations.Academic proximity is a link， for example， a circle can also be formed based on classmate relations.The circles formed by these various ties are loose or tight， and add up to each other. Finally， the whole society covers a circle， a large circle covers a small circle， and a small circle covers a large circle. All kinds of circles are nested each other， forming a dense circle network.Here， the circle network not only provides individuals with a channel for increasing income， but also provides individuals with a guarantee for reducing risks.Why is the circle often more stable？ Because the game based on the circle is mostly a game between acquaintances， and the game between acquaintances has the characteristics of repeated games， which is different from the one-time game between strangers.Because there is an opportunity for punishment for violations in repeated games， most people in the circle will consciously abide by the rules.The cement that solidifies the circle is interests. When there is a serious conflict of interest among the members of the circle， the circle will mostly dissolve.The relationship culture in society and the sectarianism in organizational life are different manifestations of the circle culture. How to break the circle culture， the society rules is the foundation， which requires the vast majority of the society to realize the personality consciousness， and the realization of personality consciousness objectively needs to build a culture with a strong sense of awe.The above views are for reference only.OK， thank you， thank you.