宋圭武观点47  制度也存在边际收益递减问题

一般在经济学中，主要讨论要素投入的边际收益递减问题，个人认为，制度也存在边际收益递减问题。

为什么制度也存在边际收益递减问题，根源在于人性的机会主义倾向，会不断蚕食制度的有效空间，最终导致制度的约束效果越来越差，其结果就是边际收益递减。比如，中国历史上的反腐败制度，存在一个钱穆陷阱问题，就是制度边际收益递减的典型案例。

一般而言，越是道德稀缺的社会，制度边际收益递减的速度越快。

由于制度也存在边际收益递减问题，所以，人类应不断进行制度创新。大到市场经济制度要不断进行创新和计划经济制度要不断进行创新，小到一个地方和单位的政策和规章制度，也要不断进行创新。

如何减缓制度边际收益递减的速度，一是需要大大提高制度的违规成本，要重赏重罚；二是需要高度重视文化建设，尤其是要高度重视敬畏意识的培育。

好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 47 Diminishing marginal returns exist in institutions

Generally in economics, the diminishing marginal returns of factor inputs are mainly discussed. Personally, I believe that there is also a diminishing marginal returns in institutions.Why is there a diminishing marginal returns in institutions? The root cause is the opportunistic tendency of human nature, which will continuously encroach on the effective space of institutions and eventually lead to the worsening constraints of institutions, resulting in diminishing marginal returns.For example, in the anti-corruption system in Chinese history, there is a Qianmu trap problem, which is a typical case of diminishing marginal returns in institutions.Generally speaking, the more morally scarce society is, the faster the diminishing marginal returns of institutions will be.Because there is also a diminishing marginal returns in institutions, human beings should continue to make institutional innovation.Large to market economic systems and planned economic systems should continue to innovate, small to local and unit policies and regulations, and also continue to innovate.How to slow down the diminishing marginal returns of institutions? First, we need to greatly increase the cost of violating institutions, and reward and punish severely.Second, we need to attach great importance to cultural construction, especially to the cultivation of awe consciousness.OK, thank you, thank you.