宋圭武观点17：探索利用货币政策手段促进共同富裕  

下面跟大家交流一下如何推进共同富裕问题。

解决发展不平衡和不充分的问题，最关键是要推进共同富裕。但推进共同富裕是一项艰巨任务，是一块难啃的硬骨头，需要全面深度持久发力，需要充分发挥好党的领导权威优势和社会主义的制度优势，需要政府进一步运用好自身的职能优势。

这里本人建议，在缩小贫富差距手段方面，除了利用好常规政策手段，比如，努力增加贫困人口就业、增加高收入人群税收、增加社会保障支出、协调发挥好三次分配机制等手段外，还可以积极探索利用国家掌握货币发行权这个职能优势，通过实施定向的货币扩张政策来促进共同富裕。

具体思路是，国家可每年超发一定数额的货币，其中超发的部分，可一部分定向用于补贴低收入群体。但直接发货币可能会引发通货膨胀，补发的货币的部分可用购物券的形式代替。同时，规定购物券只能主要用于购买国内企业的产品，且主要用于低收入群体日常消费，包括吃饭、购买衣服、孩子上学、交水电费和房租费、交通花费等。

具体如何补贴到个人，需要有关部门制定详细补贴规则。这里不仅要补贴农村低收入群体，也要补贴城市低收入群体。同时，收入越低的群体，补贴额应越高。

另外，对贫困人口的补贴政策，不一定每年都执行，可隔年执行一次，或三、四年执行一次，或国家每遇到重大事件，比如疫情、战争等情况执行一次。

运用购物券方式补贴贫困人口群体，有多方面的好处。一是可以有效抑制通货膨胀；二是由于低收入群体主要在农村，通过这种方式有助于缩小城乡差距；三是有助于缩小贫富差距；四是有助于形成国内经济良性大循环，并带动国内企业生产；五是由于购物券的边际消费倾向是1，这会最大程度促进经济增长率；六是有助于推进社会和谐；七是推进面临社会阻力小；八是有利于刺激人口增长。总之，是一举八得。

从理论上来说，上述定向直接补贴贫困人口的经济政策，也是对凯恩斯主义刺激需求经济政策的一种纠正和创新。凯恩斯主义的经济扩张政策，包括货币扩张政策，虽然能促进经济增长，但由于缺乏定向性，所以，其在缩小贫富差距方面的功能很弱，甚至由于经济增长的大部分被富人所占有，还有扩大贫富差距的作用，同时，由于其刺激需求的功能主要在于促进公共工程建设和促进企业生产等生产供给方面，这会进一步扩大无效供给，最终导致滞胀等问题。并且长期下去，还会导致严重的负债问题以及金融危机等问题。所以，凯恩斯主义刺激需求的经济学，需要改变为精准定向刺激贫困群体需求的经济学。这不仅有利于实现经济均衡，还有利于实现社会均衡。

好，谢谢各位，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 17: Exploring Monetary Policy to Promote Common Prosperity

 Now I'd like to talk about how to promote common prosperity. To solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, the most important thing is to promote common prosperity.However, promoting common prosperity is a difficult task, a hard nut to crack. It requires comprehensive, in-depth and sustained efforts, full play of the Party's leadership authority and socialist system advantages, and the government's further use of its functional advantages. Here I suggest that in terms of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, in addition to using conventional policy means, such as increasing employment of the poor, increasing tax revenue from high-income groups, increasing social security spending, and coordinating the third distribution mechanism, we can also actively explore the functional advantage of the state's currency issuance right to promote common prosperity through the implementation of targeted monetary expansion policies. The specific idea is that the state can issue a certain amount of excess currency each year, and part of the excess currency can be used to subsidize low-income groups.But direct issuance of currency may cause inflation, and part of the excess currency can be replaced by shopping vouchers. At the same time, the provisions of the shopping voucher can only be used to buy products of domestic enterprises, and mainly used for daily consumption of low-income groups, including eating, buying clothes, children's school, paying electricity and water fees and rent, transportation costs, etc..How to subsidize individuals needs to be formulated in detail by relevant departments.Here not only to subsidize the rural low-income groups, but also to subsidize the urban low-income groups.At the same time, the lower the income group, the higher the subsidy should be.In addition, the subsidy policy for the poor population is not necessarily implemented every year, but can be implemented every other year, or three or four years, or once a country encounters major events, such as epidemics, wars and so on.The use of shopping vouchers to subsidize the poor population has many advantages.First, it can effectively curb inflation;second, because the low-income groups are mainly in rural areas, it helps to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas in this way;third, it helps to narrow the gap between rich and poor;fourth, it helps to form a benign cycle of the domestic economy and drive the production of domestic enterprises;fifth, because the marginal propensity to consume of shopping vouchers is 1, it will promote the economic growth rate to the greatest extent;sixth, it helps to promote social harmony;seventh, it faces little social resistance;eighth, it is conducive to stimulating population growth.In short, it is a one-shot deal. Theoretically speaking, the above direct subsidies to the poor population of the economic policy, is also a Keynesian stimulus demand economic policy of correction and innovation.Keynesian economic expansion policy, including monetary expansion policy, although can promote economic growth, but due to the lack of directionality, so, it is very weak in narrowing the gap between the rich and poor, and even due to the majority of economic growth by the rich, there is a role in expanding the gap between the rich and poor, at the same time, because the function of stimulating demand is mainly to promote the construction of public projects and promote enterprise production and other production supply, it will further expand the ineffective supply, and eventually lead to stagflation and other issues.And in the long run, it will also lead to serious debt problems and financial crisis and other issues.Therefore, Keynesian stimulus demand economics, need to change to accurate targeted stimulus demand of the poor group economics.This is not only conducive to achieving economic equilibrium, but also conducive to achieving social equilibrium.OK, thank you, thank you.