波粒二象性
胡 良
摘要，科学的发展就是对于光子的理解及应用的过程。光子具有经典波的折射,干涉及衍射等属性；这意味着，光子具有波动性。光子具有光电效应及散射等属性；这意味着，光子具有粒子属性。显然，光子具有波粒二象性。光子是最小的孤立量子体系（物质的最小单元）。
关键词，光子，粒子性，波动性，基本粒子，波粒二象性
作者，总工，高工，硕士
1引言
科学的发展就是对于光子的理解及应用的过程。光子具有经典波的折射,干涉及衍射等属性；这意味着，光子具有波动性。
光子具有光电效应及散射等属性；这意味着，光子具有粒子属性。显然，光子具有波粒二象性。
光子是最小的孤立量子体系（物质的最小单元）。
1 Introduction
The development of science is the process of understanding and applying photons. Photons have properties such as refraction, interference, and diffraction of classical waves; This means that photons have wave properties.
Photons have properties such as photoelectric effect and scattering; This means that photons have particle properties. Obviously, photons have wave particle duality.
Photons are the smallest isolated quantum system (the smallest unit of matter).
2光子具有波粒二象性
光子可描述成为粒子；其理由就是当光子从物体表面反射时，就像一个弹球（刚性的小球体），它接近反射面的夹角等于它弹出去的角度。
2 photons have wave particle duality
Photons can be described as particles; The reason is that when photons reflect off the surface of an object, they are like a pinball (a rigid small sphere), with an angle close to the reflecting surface equal to the angle at which they bounce out.
此外，一块棱镜可将一束白光折射成缤纷的彩虹颜色。当光子通过第二个棱镜并再次折射时，就不再进一步分裂，彩虹的颜色将保持不变。
这意味着，白光是由许多不同频率的微粒（刚性的空间荷）组成来解释。红光是由振动频率较小（振动波长较长）的微粒组成的，而紫光是由振动频率较大（振动波长较短）的微粒组成的。
光子振动频率大小的差异导致了微粒（刚性的空间荷）以不同的速度通过玻璃，就使它们分散开来，并产生不能被第二个棱镜进一步分解的彩虹。
In addition, a prism can refract a beam of white light into a colorful rainbow color. When photons pass through the second prism and refract again, they no longer split further and the color of the rainbow remains unchanged.
This means that white light is explained by the composition of many particles of different frequencies (rigid spatial charges). Red light is composed of particles with lower vibration frequencies (longer vibration wavelengths), while purple light is composed of particles with higher vibration frequencies (shorter vibration wavelengths).
The difference in the frequency of photon vibration leads to particles (rigid space charges) passing through the glass at different speeds, causing them to disperse and producing a rainbow that cannot be further decomposed by a second prism.
高能光子射向材料，可预测碰撞出来的电子的散射角度，揭示了光具有粒子性。
High energy photons directed towards materials can predict the scattering angle of electrons colliding, revealing the particle nature of light.
光子也可描述为成为波；当光子穿过一个小孔时，光子将像水中的波纹一样扩散开来。
双缝干涉实验，将一束光通过两个并排的小孔，光子通过小孔后将会形成有规律的图案。
在有规律的间隔中，从两个孔中产生的交叠波纹（相互结合产生更亮的光或相互抵消掉）。
光子在密度更大的介质中，其速度将变慢。
Photons can also be described as waves; When photons pass through a small hole, they will diffuse like ripples in water.
The double slit interference experiment involves passing a beam of light through two parallel small holes, and photons passing through these holes will form a regular pattern.
The overlapping ripples generated from two holes at regular intervals (combining to produce brighter light or counteracting each other).
Photons will slow down in media with higher density.
3光子的真实结构
根据量子三维常数理论，光子是由空间荷（普朗克空间，体现为信号速度）及相应的场（能量-动量场，体现为纠缠）组成的。可表达为：
Vp*C^3=(Vp*f)*C^2*λ=m*C^2*λ=Vp*fp)*C^2*λp=mp*C^2*λp
=h*C=(h*f)*λ==(h*fp)*λp
光子是最基本的基本粒子，光子相互碰撞可形成其它基本粒子（电子，质子及中子等），再由基本粒子（光子，电子，质子及中子等）形成原子（或分子），并进一步构成宇宙中的星系等。
3，The Real Structure of Three Photons
According to the theory of quantum three-dimensional constants, photons are composed of spatial charges (Planck space, represented by signal velocity) and corresponding fields (energy momentum field, represented by entanglement). It can be expressed as:
Vp*C^3=(Vp*f)*C^2* λ= m*C^2* λ= Vp*fp)*C^2* λ p=mp*C^2* λ p
=h*C=(h*f)* λ== (h*fp)* λ p
Photons are the most basic elementary particle. Photons can collide with each other to form other elementary particle (electrons, protons and neutrons, etc.), and then form atoms (or molecules) from elementary particle (photons, electrons, protons and neutrons, etc.), and further form galaxies in the universe.
4结论
光子（无线电波，微波，红外线，紫外线，X射线及伽马射线等）属于规范玻色子。光子（电磁波）具有粒子的性质，也具有波的性质；每个光子的能量对应于波的频率。体现为光子具有波粒二象性。
4 Conclusion
Photons (radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-ray and gamma rays, etc.) belong to the gauge boson. Photons (electromagnetic waves) have the properties of particles as well as the properties of waves; The energy of each photon corresponds to the frequency of the wave. Reflected in the wave particle duality of photons.