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阻止艾滋病病毒破坏免疫系统有新招
2011年09月22日07:26 来源：《科技日报》
一国际研究小组近日称，他们找到了一种阻止艾滋病病毒破坏免疫系统的方法，通过移除艾滋病病毒外膜中的胆固醇，即可有效阻止病毒对人体免疫系统的损害。这一发表在最新一期《血液》杂志上的研究成果对开发艾滋病疫苗具有重大意义。
艾滋病是由感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）所引起。通常，当一个人被某种病毒或细菌感染时，其免疫系统会自然而然地进行防御。而一些研究人员认为，艾滋病病毒会使人体防卫功能的第一道防线——非特异性免疫反应过度，从而削弱免疫系统的下一道防线——特异性免疫反应，进而使人体整个免疫机制遭到破坏。
英美意等国科学家在《血液》杂志上发表的论文表明，如果将病毒外膜中的胆固醇去除，会阻止艾滋病病毒引发非特异性免疫反应，这样艾滋病病毒就不能损害免疫系统了。当研究人员将胆固醇移除后，他们发现这阻止了艾滋病病毒引发非特异性免疫反应，并导致了由免疫细胞T细胞介导的特异性反应更加强烈。这一结果支持了科学家的上述假设，即艾滋病病毒通过过度刺激非特异性免疫反应，从而削弱免疫系统的防御能力。
论文作者之一、英国帝国理工学院的阿德里亚诺·博厄索博士指出，艾滋病病毒通过刺激人的过度免疫反应来破坏免疫系统，这可能也是为什么培养艾滋病疫苗如此困难的原因之一。大多数疫苗主要通过非特异性反应来识别入侵者，但如果病毒引发了其他机制，削弱了非特异性反应，疫苗就会很难起到作用。
通常，免疫细胞浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDCs）能够快速识别艾滋病病毒，并产生信号分子——干扰素来反应。这些信号会激活各种生理流程，其一开始虽然十分有益，但长时间作用则会损害免疫系统。研究人员发现，如果移除艾滋病病毒包膜中的胆固醇，艾滋病病毒就不能再激活pDCs，这样，T细胞就会更有效地对抗病毒。研究人员使用不同浓度的β-环糊精移除胆固醇，进而生产出外膜有着孔洞的艾滋病病毒。这种有穿孔的病毒没有传染性，不能刺激pDCs，但仍能被T细胞识别。
“这就像是军队失去了武器，但仍有旗帜在，其他队伍一样可以识别并对其进行攻击。”博厄索说。他的科研团队目前正在研究是否可利用这种不活化病毒开发艾滋病疫苗。
总编辑圈点
靠着自损三百、伤敌八千的诡异特性而横行天下的艾滋病病毒，今天似乎终于碰到能够击破自己软肋的克星，并且这种疗法的独特之处在于，它并非一位人们通常料想的万能“侠客”，而更像是一种目标清晰、制导精确的外科手术式打击——通过缴械病毒最有力的“武器”胆固醇，来使其丧失兴风作浪的本领，再利用人体自身的免疫机能打扫战场。理论上看，无论如何都比借助药物的现有疗法更值得寄予厚望，至少，是在对多种疗法的探索上，指出一个颇为靠谱的方向。（刘海英）
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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Prevent HIV damage to the immune system with new tactics
At 07:26 on September 22, 2011 Source: "Technology Daily"
Recently, an international research team said they found a way to prevent HIV damage to the immune system approach, by removing the outer membrane cholesterol HIV, the virus can effectively prevent damage to the immune system. This was published in the latest issue of "blood" magazine on the development of AIDS vaccine research is of great significance.
AIDS is infected with AIDS virus (HIV) which causes. Typically, when a person is some kind of virus or bacterial infection, the immune system will naturally be defensive. Some researchers believe that HIV causes the body's first line of defense capabilities - over non-specific immune response, thus weakening the immune system to the next line of defense - specific immune response, thereby enabling the body's entire immune system destruction.
British and American scientists in Italy and other countries, "blood" magazine published papers show that if the virus's outer membrane cholesterol removal, will cause non-stop HIV-specific immune response, so HIV can not impair the immune system. When the researchers removed cholesterol, they found that it prevents HIV cause non-specific immune response and lead to immune cells by specific T-cell-mediated response is more intense. This result supports the hypothesis of scientists that over-stimulation of HIV through non-specific immune response, thus weakening the immune system defenses.
Author of the thesis, Imperial College London Dr. Adriano Boe Suo, HIV by stimulating the human immune response to destroy the excessive immune system, which could also be why so difficult to develop an AIDS vaccine one of the reasons. Most vaccines, mainly through non-specific reaction to identify the intruder, but if the virus led to other mechanisms, weakening the non-specific response, the vaccine will be very difficult to play a role.
Typically, the immune cells like dendritic cells, plasma cells (pDCs) to quickly identify the AIDS virus, and produce signaling molecules - to the interferon response. These signals activate a variety of physiological processes, although one very useful start, but the effect is damage to the immune system a long time. The researchers found that if the removal of cholesterol in the HIV envelope, HIV no longer activated pDCs, so, T cells would be more effective against the virus. The researchers used different concentrations of β-cyclodextrin to remove cholesterol, thus producing a membrane with pores of HIV. Such a perforation is not contagious virus, not stimulate pDCs, T cells but can still be identified.
"It's like the army lost weapons, but there is still the banner, as other teams can identify and attack them." Boe Suo said. His research team is studying whether this inactivated virus can use the development of AIDS vaccines.
Editor punctuate
Relying on since the loss of three hundred, the enemy 8000 injury characteristics strange world of rampant HIV, appears to have finally met today to break the soft underbelly of his nemesis, and this therapy is unique in that it is not a commonly expect universal "knight", but rather is a definite goal, guided precision surgical strikes - to disarm the virus by the most powerful "weapon" cholesterol, to make it lose the ability to stir up trouble, and then use the body's own immune function sweep the battlefield. In theory, any case of drug use than existing therapies more worthy of high hopes, at least, is the exploration of a variety of therapies, that the direction of a rather tricky. (Hai-ying)
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