九成网友不识自体输血(图) 异体输血感染HIV


九成网友不识自体输血(图) 异体输血感染HIV

 
 
 
 
 

九成网友不识自体输血(图)异体输血感染HIV

来源:京华时报 2011年04月17日01:20
 
图/CFP

  近年来,“血荒”在各地频繁出现,面对用血紧张的问题,有专家提出采用“自体输血”,用自己的血救自己的命。不过,人民网调查显示,近九成的被调查网友不了解“自体输血”,48.5%的网友表示第一次听说“自体输血”。

  异体输血风险较多

  中日友好医院中西医结合心内科副主任医师曹永彤告诉记者,除了面临可能的供血紧张、血源不足外,异体输血还存在一定的风险。

  异体输血一是有被传染疾病的风险,如我国面临日益严重的艾滋病的威胁,由于病毒感染到血液中可检测到相应抗原/抗体这一“窗口期”的存在,已经造成多例输血感染丙肝、艾滋病的发生,重庆就曾经发生过一袋因在“窗口期”而未被检测出来的血导致感染艾滋病的事件。

  除了传染疾病外,异体输血还可能发生溶血反应、非溶血性发热反应、输血引起的急性肺损伤、输血引起的心肌损伤、细菌污染、过敏反应、大量输血后凝血病等风险。

  输血并非有利恢复

  除了不了解异体输血的风险,曹永彤指出,有些患者对于输血有很多误解。

  专家指出,有人以为输血可使患者更早出院,其实大量证据表明:输血可使心脏手术患者术后ICU停留时间和住院时间延长,生存率降低。还有人认为输血有利于患者康复,而文献表明:输血可增加伤口感染发生率,显著增加术后并发症(如肾衰、肺损伤、死亡)。而且,血液捐献时是无偿的,随后的储存、运输、检验、管理包括输血引起的并发症的治疗都不是免费的。

  择期手术患者可提前反复采血

  “自体输血”到底是怎么回事呢?曹永彤指出,自体血回输在国外已开展20多年,择期手术患者近60%病员接受了自体输血。

  自体输血就是病人需要输血时,输入病人自己预先储存的血液或失血回收的血液。与异体输血相比,自体输血可以节约用血,而且能避免输血传播疾病,减少患者医疗经费开支。

  一般来说,自体输血分为三种,一种医学上称为“术中急性等溶血液稀释”,是在麻醉后、手术开始前实行患者自体采血,只要没有禁忌证,血液稀释回输对预计术中失血达1-2L的大多数手术都适用。第二种是术前自体储血,择期手术前2-3周对病人采取自体血,可反复采血贮存,然后在手术时或急需时输还病人。采取的血液可预存于血库内,时间一般不宜超过10日。很多患者可以采取这种方式,如心功能Ⅱ级以上、身体状况好,准备择期手术而预期术中出血多需要输血者;孕妇和计划怀孕者;有过严重输血反应病史者;稀有血型或曾经配血发生困难者等。

  第三种自体输血方式是血液回收式自体输血,就是以机械吸引装置将患者手术中流失的血液收集、过滤,分离清洗、净化后再回输给患者。适合腹腔或胸腔内出血患者,或是估计出血量在100ml以上的大手术,如大血管手术、肝叶切除手术等。

  专家还提醒,自体输血要根据患者的身体情况、手术类型来决定。采血次数一般每周不得超过一次,最好采至术前一周。

  本报记者杨凤立

  作者:杨凤立

艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复

 
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

红津液饮料面世 或将能预防艾滋病

更多来源∶新浪商业登载
http://vic.sina.com.cn/news/27/2010/1231/26801.html


TOM新闻登载

http://post-social.news.tom.com/s/63000AD83310.html

中国青年网 健康频道

http://news.youth.cn/jk/201012/t20101231_1447239.htm

 环球时报-环球网

http://news.163.com/10/1231/15/6P8B7PTU00014JB6.html


 环球网

http://china.huanqiu.com/hot/2010-12/1390550.html

 

 

Jiucheng friends did not know of autologous blood transfusion (Figure)
 

Source: Beijing Times at 01:20 on April 17, 2011


 

Figure / CFP

In recent years, "hematic barren" appears frequently in the country, faced with the problem of the shortage of blood, some experts have proposed a "autologous blood transfusion", with his own blood to save his life. However, the PRC survey, Nearly nine out of surveyed users do not understand the "autologous blood transfusion", 48.5% of users said the first time I heard "autologous blood transfusion."

Greater risk of allogeneic blood transfusion

Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Integrative Medicine, Associate Chief Physician Caoyong Tong told reporters, in addition to facing possible blood tension, blood deficiency, the allogeneic blood transfusion there is still a risk.

First, allogeneic blood transfusion has been the risk of infectious diseases such as AIDS in China is facing increasingly serious threats to the blood because the virus infection could be detected in the corresponding antigen / antibody of this "window period" exists, which has caused more cases of blood transfusion infection C liver, the incidence of AIDS, there had been a bag of Chongqing to result in the "window period" and was not detected in the blood causes AIDS events.

In addition to infectious diseases, allogeneic blood transfusion hemolysis may occur, non-hemolytic febrile reactions, acute lung injury caused by blood transfusion, blood transfusion induced myocardial injury, bacterial contamination, allergic reactions, a large number of diseases such as post-transfusion risk of clotting.

Blood transfusion is not conducive to recovery

In addition to not understand the risks of allogeneic blood transfusion, Caoyong Tong pointed out that some patients have many misunderstandings for blood transfusion.

Experts point out that some people think that blood transfusion can discharge patients earlier, in fact, considerable evidence: blood transfusion can stay in ICU patients after cardiac surgery and prolonged hospitalization time, the survival rate decreased. Others believe that is conducive to rehabilitation of patients with blood transfusion, but the literature shows that: blood transfusion can increase the incidence of wound infection, a significant increase in postoperative complications (such as renal failure, lung injury, death). Moreover, when the blood donation is free, and subsequent storage, transport, inspection, management, including treatment of complications caused by blood transfusion is not free.

Patients undergoing elective surgery can be repeated early blood

"Autologous blood transfusion" in the end is how the case? Caoyong Tong pointed out that autologous blood transfusion has been carried out in foreign countries more than 20 years, elective surgery patients received nearly 60% of the patient autologous blood transfusion.

Autologous blood transfusion is the patient required blood transfusion, enter the patient's own blood or blood loss pre-stored blood collected. Compared with allogeneic blood transfusion, autologous blood transfusion can save, and to avoid transfusion-transmitted diseases, reduce health care expenses incurred patients.

Generally, three types of autologous blood transfusion, a medicine known as "Acute intraoperative hemodilution solution" is in anesthesia, surgical patients before the start of the implementation of autologous blood, as long as no contraindications, transfusion of blood dilution on estimated blood loss of 1-2L are applicable to most operations. The second is preoperative autologous blood storage, 2-3 weeks before elective surgery patients to autologous blood, stored blood can be repeated, and then lost during surgery or in time of need but also patients. To be stored in blood banks of blood, the time normally should not exceed 10 days. Many patients can take this approach, such as heart function Ⅱ or above, good physical condition, ready to elective surgery and expected blood loss requiring transfusion were more; pregnant women and those planning a pregnancy; have had a history of severe transfusion reaction; rare blood group or have been have difficulty with blood persons.

A third approach is autologous blood transfusion Autologous blood transfusion recovery, that is, the mechanical device will attract the loss surgery patients blood collection, filtration, separation cleaning, purifying and then back to the patient. For patients with abdominal or thoracic bleeding, or estimated blood loss in major surgery more than 100ml, such as major vascular surgery, liver resection surgery.

Experts also warned that autologous blood transfusion should be based on the patient's physical condition, type of surgery to decide. The number of blood generally no more than once a week, preferably taken to surgery the previous week.

Reporter Yang Fengli

Of: Yang Fengli
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2011-4-17    文章录入:nnb ]