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艾滋病病毒进入细胞核的关键机理揭开
2011年12月10日01:14 中国网
本报伦敦12月9日电（记者刘海英）一科学小组最新发表在《公共科学图书馆?病原学》期刊上的论文称，他们发现了艾滋病病毒进入细胞核，进而破坏人体免疫系统引发艾滋病的关键机理。这一发现为科学家提供了更有效对抗艾滋病病毒的新标靶，为未来艾滋病的治疗带来了新希望。
艾滋病病毒通过体液，主要是血液和精液传播。病毒一旦进入血液，会感染包括巨噬细胞在内的免疫系统关键部件。病毒会进入巨噬细胞的细胞核，与巨噬细胞的DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）结合，自行复制并扩散到全身各处。艾滋病病毒要进入到细胞核内，必须通过核孔复合体（NPC），这也是病毒通往细胞核的大门。但到目前为止，艾滋病病毒是如何通过核孔复合体的，其机制尚不得而知。
包括英国伦敦大学学院研究人员在内的一研究小组研究发现，艾滋病病毒衣壳会与细胞核孔复合体上的Nup358蛋白绑定，进而让病毒进入细胞核，与DNA结合。这个衣壳蛋白就如同一把钥匙，打开了核孔复合体这把锁，使得艾滋病病毒最终“破门而入”。
论文第一作者、伦敦大学学院的托尔斯滕?夏勒博士指出，过去几乎所有的艾滋病治疗都是瞄准病毒本身，但艾滋病病毒很容易发展变化，从而对药物影响免疫，使药物无效。这一新研究表明，瞄准宿主体内蛋白而不是病毒本身会更加有效。如果能够设计出一种药物，其标靶是蛋白，就会起到阻止病毒进化的效果。
领导该项研究的伦敦大学学院格雷格?托尔斯教授指出，对于艾滋病的治疗来说，能够领先一步来开发出新的治疗策略非常重要。艾滋病发现以来，虽然科学家在治疗艾滋病病毒感染的抗逆转录病毒药物的研究开发上已经取得了巨大的进步，但病毒对这些药物的抵抗力也变得越来越强，使得该疾病的治疗依然难有成效。在新研究中，科学家发现了允许艾滋病病毒进入细胞核的“锁和钥匙”。病毒一旦进入细胞核，就可以开始进行自我复制，然后几乎是毫不受限制地在体内扩散。如果能够使用药物阻断病毒进入细胞核的路径，就能够阻止病毒在体内的扩散，这将是一种对抗艾滋病病毒的新方法。
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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艾滋病新鸡尾酒疗法 附 HIV感染者，早吃药早受益
AIDS virus enters the nucleus reveal the key mechanisms
At 01:14 on December 10, 2011 China Network
December 9 London newspaper (reporter Hai-ying) recently published a scientific group in the "Public Library of Science? Etiology," the journal paper, said they found the AIDS virus into the nucleus, and thus undermine the human immune system caused by AIDS The key mechanism. The discovery gives scientists a more effective against the new targets of HIV, AIDS treatment for the future has brought new hope.
HIV through body fluids, primarily blood and semen. Once in the blood virus that infects macrophages, including the immune system, including key components. Virus into the nucleus of macrophages, and macrophage DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) combined, self-replicating and spread throughout the body. AIDS virus to enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex must (NPC), which is the nucleus of the virus leading to the door. But so far, how HIV is through the nuclear pore complex, and its mechanism is unknown.
Including University College London researchers, including a research team found that HIV capsid with the nuclear pore complex protein Nup358 on the binding, thereby allowing the virus to enter the nucleus, bind to DNA. The capsid protein like a key, opened the nuclear pore complex the lock, making HIV the final "Breaking and Entering."
First author, University College London, Leo Basten? Schaller pointed out that in the past almost all of the HIV treatment is aimed at the virus itself, but the changes are likely to develop HIV, the influence of drugs and thus immune to the drug ineffective. This new study shows that targeting host proteins rather than the virus itself, the body will be more effective. If you can design a drug, its target is a protein, it will play to prevent the effect of viral evolution.
Who led the study at University College London, Greg? Towers professor pointed out that for AIDS treatment, the ability to step ahead to develop new treatment strategies is very important. AIDS found that, although the scientists in the treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral drug research and development has been made great progress, but the virus has become resistant to these drugs is growing, making the treatment of the disease is still difficult effective. In the new study, scientists found that allow HIV to enter the nucleus of the "lock and key." Once the virus into the nucleus, you can begin to replicate themselves, then almost unrestricted cents spread in the body. If you can use drugs block the path of the virus into the nucleus, it can prevent the spread of the virus in the body, it would be a new method against HIV.
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