南非参与艾滋病预防凝胶试验的志愿者在倾听试验结果。

网易探索9月7日报道 据《纽约时报》报道，今年7月问世的可预防艾滋病、显著降低妇女感染HIV几率的的阴道抗病毒凝胶，因缺少研发资金而停滞。

目前，捐赠者没有承诺足够的资金用以完成下一步需要进行的两项研究：一是确认南非抗病毒凝胶实验的有效性，二来是生产出相应的产品投放到妇女手中。根据联合国艾滋病规划署的数据，后续研究所需的1亿美元资金只有大约5800万得到保证。专家们说全球卫生重点转移和西方财政紧张，使募集剩余资金的工作变得非常困难。

资金匮乏带来的隐忧

支持者们说任何的延误都意味生命的消逝。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区有2200万人感染艾滋病毒，其中大多数是女性，并且在非洲大陆每年还新增100万妇女感染者。如果后续的研究发现这种凝胶有效，即使是男人拒绝使用安全套时，妇女们也可以利用它保护自己。

联合国规划署的首席科学顾问凯瑟琳·汉金斯博士认为，人们必须把目光投向真正需要做的事情上，弥补资金缺口刻不容缓。在上周一次会议上，数十名科学家和公共卫生专家一致同意这项研究，认为需要加快抗病毒凝胶的普遍应用。他们呼吁在南非进行另外两项实验，并且通过计划生育项目进一步推动和分发阴道抗病毒凝胶，这种凝胶里面注入了一种抗病毒药物替诺韦福。

最初的抗菌凝胶研究发现在性行为之前和之后使用凝胶的妇女比使用了安慰剂的女性感染艾滋病毒的机率降低了39%。那些有规律的使用凝胶的妇女感染率降低了54%。

转移的投资重点

二十年来，研究人员们一直在寻找一种能够防治艾滋病毒的传播的抗病毒凝胶。英国国际发展部曾是抗病毒凝胶研究的主要支持者，而目前他们的投资重点已经转移到了妇婴保健问题、疟疾和肺结核上， 因此美国和南非政府将要担负起巨大的额外研究费用。

“艾滋病毒、艾滋病被认为是非常昂贵的研究，英国认为是转移投资重点的时候了。”参加会议的世界卫生组织的科学家蒂姆·法利如是说。与此同时，英国机构在一份声明中含糊其辞，对此不置可否，只是说今后的花费将以“从根本上消除贫困”为基础。

研究者同时还担心，最重要的慈善支持者比尔和梅丽达·盖茨基金会也没有对凝胶研究所需的额外资金作出承诺。斯特凡诺·波托滋博士是盖茨基金会艾滋病项目的负责人，他说凝胶研究已经显示出它的有效性，是一项值得信赖的研究，是那种富裕国家可以向纳税人作出证明的项目。他也表示，盖茨基金会对试验的结果感到非常高兴，但基金会想把重点放在长期的更有风险的研究上。盖茨基金会已经在抗病毒凝胶的研究中投入了超过2.5亿美元的资金。

人们希望，另外两项研究能够提供证据允许大规模采用凝胶。三项严密的研究已经证实男性的包皮环切手术至少把男性艾滋病感染率降低一半，非洲各国政府已经开始提供这项手术。

研究人员计划在南非进行一项针对抗病毒凝胶的验证性研究，据估计南非大约有570万感染者，超过其它任何国家。科学家打算把第二项研究安排在非洲南部的五个国家进行。

艾滋病预防更为重要

专家说，投资艾滋病预防远远要比花费在终生治疗上更可取。全球发展中心的卫生经济学家米德·奥弗（Mead Over）表示，给非洲500万艾滋病感染者提供抗病毒转录酶治疗，在接下来的四十年内将花费720亿美元。如果需要治疗的人数继续增加，这个数字可能要升高到2250亿美元。

奥弗说：“捐助者不应该对这项研究斤斤计较，因为只要花1亿美元就可能省下数十亿美元的治疗费用。”

支持者把这件事情归结到人道主义范围。“治疗行动”运动组织的诺姆梵多·伊兰（Nomfundo Eland ）说：“我们每天都会看到有妇女感染HIV，我们希望能够得到一种控制这种情况的方法，越快越好。”

本文译自/纽约时报  译/易言  译言供网易探索独家稿件，未经许可请勿转载。

(本文来源：网易探索 )

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• HIV prevention research and development in South Africa due to lack of funds stalled gel
  2010-09-07 09:27:25 Source: Netease Explore
  Core Tip: When in July, one can prevent AIDS vaginal gel anti-virus finally came, it can significantly reduce a woman's HIV infection rate, when the scientists whom cheered when they found the lack of the most important financial support.
  
  
  South Africa's participation in AIDS prevention gel for volunteers in the listening test results.
  
  NetEase reported exploration on September 7, according to "The New York Times," came out in July this year, can prevent HIV, significantly reducing the probability of HIV infection in women, vaginal anti-HIV gel, due to a lack of research funds stagnate.
  
  Currently, donors have not committed sufficient funds to complete the next step carried out two studies: First, the South African anti-viral gel experiments confirm the validity of the second to the production of the corresponding products into the hands of women. According to UNAIDS data, follow-up study of 100 million U.S. dollars needed to fund only about 58 million guaranteed. Focus on global health experts say the financial stress transfer and the West, so that the work of raising the remaining funds become very difficult.
  
  Lack of funds caused by hidden
  
  Supporters say the delays mean any loss of life. In sub-Saharan Africa there are 2,200 people living with HIV, most of them women, and in the African continent has added one million women each year infected. If the follow-up study found that the gel effective, even when the men refused to use condoms, women can also use it to protect themselves.
  
  United Nations Programme of the chief scientific adviser, Dr. 凯瑟琳汉金斯 that one must turn our gaze really needs to be done on the urgent need to make up funding gaps. Meeting last week, dozens of scientists and public health experts agreed that the study, the need to accelerate the widespread application of anti-viral gel. They called two other experiments in South Africa, and through family planning programs to further promote and distribute anti-viral vaginal gel, the gel inside the injection of an antiviral drug for Nuowei Fu.
  
  The initial study found that antibacterial gel before and after the sexual behavior of women using the gel than the women using the placebo, lower risk of HIV infection by 39%. Those who regularly use the gel reduces infection rates for women 54%.
  
  Transfer of investment focus
  
  Two decades, researchers have been looking for a way to combat the spread of HIV anti-viral gel. United Kingdom Department for International Development was the main anti-viral gel of supporters present their investment focus has moved to the mother and child health, malaria and tuberculosis, the United States and South Africa will have to shoulder huge costs of additional studies.
  
  "HIV, AIDS is considered a very expensive research, the United Kingdom that is the time shift investment focus." Participate in the meeting of the World Health Organization scientists Dimufali says. At the same time, the British agency said in a statement vague, this noncommittal, but said the cost of the future will be "fundamentally the eradication of poverty" basis.
  
  The researchers also worry that the most important philanthropic supporter of Bill and 梅丽达盖茨 Foundation also does not gel of additional funds required to make commitments. Dr. Stefan Nuobotuozi Gates Foundation AIDS Project of the head, said gel studies have shown its effectiveness, is a reliable study is available to taxpayers in rich countries that to prove the project. He also said the test results of the Gates Foundation was very pleased, but the foundation wanted to focus on more long-term risks of research. Gates Foundation has been the study of antiviral gel invested over 250 million U.S. dollars of capital.
  
  It is hoped that two further research can provide evidence to allow large-scale use of gel. Rigorous studies have confirmed that the three male circumcision reduced HIV infection rates at least half of the men, African governments have started to provide the surgery.
  
  The researchers plan to conduct a South African anti-viral gel for the verification study, it is estimated that about 5.7 million infected in South Africa who, more than any other country. The second study, scientists intend to arrange the five southern African countries.
  
  AIDS prevention is more important
  
  
  Experts say investment in AIDS prevention is far better than a lifetime spent in treatment is preferable. Center for Global Development's health economist Mideaofu (Mead Over) said that 5 million to AIDS in Africa to provide anti-virus transcriptase treatment, in the next 40 years will spend 72 billion U.S. dollars. If the number of people in need of treatment continues to increase, this figure may rise to 225 billion U.S. dollars.
  
  Ofer said: "Donors should not be preoccupied with the study, spent 100 million U.S. dollars as long as possible to save billions of dollars in treatment costs."
  
  Supporters of this thing comes down to the humanitarian area. "Treatment Action" campaign organized by Norm Van dojran (Nomfundo Eland) said: "Every day we see women infected with HIV, we hope to acquire a way to control this situation, the sooner the better. "
  
  This translated / New York Times translation / translated word for word NetEase easily explore exclusive articles, please do not reprint without permission.
  
  (This article Source: NetEase Exploration)