什么是博士(PhD),很难用几句话说清楚。美国犹他大学的助理教授Matt Might用图片的形式给大家做了一个解释,以下是全文:
The illustrated guide to a Ph.D.
Every fall, I explain to a fresh batch of Ph.D. students what a Ph.D. is.
It's hard to describe it in words.
So, I use pictures.
Read below for the illustrated guide to a Ph.D.
Imagine a circle that contains all of human knowledge:

By the time you finish elementary school, you know a little:

By the time you finish high school, you know a bit more:

With a bachelor's degree, you gain a specialty:

A master's degree deepens that specialty:

Reading research papers takes you to the edge of human knowledge:

Once you're at the boundary, you focus:

You push at the boundary for a few years:

Until one day, the boundary gives way:

And, that dent you've made is called a Ph.D.:

Of course, the world looks different to you now:

So, don't forget the bigger picture:

Keep pushing.
关于美国的博士学位PhD,请参考陆亦琦在唐骏学历门事件后的一篇博文:
方舟子自己是Michigan
State的博士,他很清楚美国的博士其实蛮难拿的,尤其是加州理工学院这种顶级名校,所以才会去“好事”查一查唐骏的学历。其实美国的研究生教育制度和中国很像,有不少大大小小考试,也是100分制,准备稍不到位就会被淘汰(公开答辩时请好几个朋友专门来问些“好问题”Good
Question,目的就是帮忙消耗掉点这漫长的2小时)。进入北美博士计划Ph.D.
Program的中国留学生,最终没能获得博士学位应该是多数,在美国大概超过一半以上,也就是说一半以上的人会因为种种原因而没能最终获得博士学位。这不是谁比谁更聪明或笨的问题,个中原因很多,导师如何、研究选题如何、是否顺利、是否幸运、等等等等。如果你想博士好拿一点,最好去欧洲,尤其是北欧,那里的博士据说是没有课程要求,只要实验做出,在规定的杂志(也不一定是最好的杂志)发表了文章,博士就拿下了。遇到几位来北美做博士后的在欧洲拿博士都是这么告诉我的,是否属实也可请有欧洲读博经历的朋友好事共分享一下。
(陆亦琦简介:八十年代赴美留学,获美国西北大学凯洛格管理学院工商管理硕士与范德比尔特大学博士。常年在全球各地跨国企业总部与分支机构市场部任职。)