美科学家发现两种新抗体可阻止90%艾滋病病毒侵袭 艾滋病疫苗研究获“大进展”


美科学家发现两种新抗体可阻止90%艾滋病病毒侵袭

 
 
 
 
 
美科学家发现两种新抗体可阻止90%艾滋病病毒侵袭
   
科技部门户网站  www.most.gov.cn      2010年07月16日     来源:科技日报 来源:科技日报
   

 

    据7月9日(北京时间)《科学》杂志网络版报道,美国科学家发现了两种可有效中和艾滋病病毒的人体抗体,能阻止90%以上已知的艾滋病病毒菌株侵袭人体细胞。这两种抗体可用于研发更有效的艾滋病疫苗,阻止艾滋病病毒感染人体细胞。

  美国国家过敏与传染病研究所疫苗研究中心领导的研究小组,借助附着在特定细胞上的新型分子设备,在一位艾滋病病人的血液中发现了VRC01和VRC02两种自然生成的强大抗体,这些抗体比之前发现的抗体具有更强劲的艾滋病病毒菌株中和能力。

  研究人员还在VRC01抗体附着于艾滋病病毒时确定了它的原子级结构。这有助于研究小组明确这一抗体的作用机理,并可在抗体附着于病毒时,对其进行准确定位。基于以上发现,研究人员已着手设计能“教授”人体免疫系统产生类似强劲抗体的新型疫苗的成分,用来防止绝大部分艾滋病病毒菌株的感染。

  疫苗研究中心主任加里·诺贝尔博士表示:“基于对病毒结构的充分理解,我们能利用分子设备在艾滋病病毒外表精确定位病毒易受攻击的位置,并找到附着在这些薄弱点上、可有效阻止病毒感染健康细胞的抗体。”

  事实上,寻找可中和众多艾滋病病毒菌株的单个抗体一直十分困难,这是因为这类病毒能不断改变自身表面的蛋白来“蒙蔽”免疫系统,从而成功入侵人体。但即使如此,科学家仍然确定了艾滋病病毒表面小部分几乎不变的区域,如名为CD4的结合部位。VRC01和VRC02抗体就可附着在稳定的CD4区域内,阻止病毒“搭上”人体免疫细胞,而这也解释了,为什么此两种新抗体能够中和高达90%的艾滋病病毒菌株。

  领导这一研究的彼得·邝博士表示,VRC01抗体不会附着于人体细胞之上,并在免疫系统的进化中消失,抗体最终将产生可识别病原体特定部位的B淋巴细胞,并在变异、成熟后,更稳固地附着于病原体之上。这一发现将有望打破长久以来阻碍基于抗体的艾滋病疫苗的设计局限。

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  • U.S. scientists have discovered two new antibodies can prevent 90% of the AIDS virus attacks
      
    Science and Technology Portal www.most.gov.cn 2010 年 07 月 16 First Stage: Science and Technology Daily
      

        
    According to July 9 (Beijing Time) "Science" magazine online edition reported that two American scientists have discovered an effective AIDS virus in human antibody, can prevent over 90% of HIV strains are known to attack human cells. These two antibodies can be used to develop more effective AIDS vaccine to prevent HIV infection of human cells.

    National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Center led the research team attached to the specific cells with a new type of molecular device, in an AIDS patient's blood found VRC01 and VRC02 two powerful naturally occurring antibodies, these antibodies than previously found in antibodies with a more robust and capacity of HIV strains.

    The researchers also VRC01 antibody attached to AIDS virus to determine its atomic structure. This helps team a clear mechanism of this antibody, and may in the antibody attached to a virus, its accurate positioning. Based on these findings, researchers have embarked on the design can "teach" the immune system to produce antibodies similar to the strong element of the new vaccine, to prevent the vast majority of strains of HIV infection.

    Vaccine Research Center Director Dr. Gary Nobel, said: "Based on the full understanding of the virus structure, molecular devices that we can look at the precise location of HIV virus vulnerable position, and find the weak points attached, which can effectively prevent virus antibodies of healthy cells. "

    In fact, looking for and the number of HIV strains in a single antibody has been very difficult, because such viruses can constantly change their surface proteins to "hoodwink" the immune system to successfully invade Ren Ti. Even so, scientists have identified the AIDS virus is still a small part of the nearly constant surface area, such as the binding site, called CD4. VRC01 and VRC02 antibody can be attached to the stability of CD4 in the region, prevent the virus "jumped on the" human immune cells, which explains why these two new antibody can neutralize up to 90% of HIV strains.

    Led the study, said Dr. Peter Kwong, VRC01 antibody will attach to human cells above, and immune system evolution in the disappearance of antibodies could identify pathogens will eventually generate a specific part of the B lymphocytes, and in the variation, mature , the more firmly attached to the above pathogens. The discovery is expected to break the long-standing obstruction of the AIDS vaccine based on antibody design limitations.

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-7-16    文章录入:nnb ]

 

艾滋病疫苗研究获“大进展”

 
 
 
 
 

艾滋病疫苗研究获“大进展”

2010/07/16 00:45    来源:YNET.com 北青网  北京青年报    

■资料照片显示一名艾滋病患者在距泰国首都曼谷以北150公里处的一座寺庙内接受治疗■新华/法新
■资料照片显示一名艾滋病患者在距泰国首都曼谷以北150公里处的一座寺庙内接受治疗■新华/法新   美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所专家14日说,历经数十年努力,全球卫生机构开始在艾滋病疫苗研制方面取得“重大进展”,使科学家对这类疫苗投放市场信心倍增。

  ■有方向

  国家过敏症和传染病研究所负责人安东尼·福西说,尽管致力于艾滋病疫苗研究的科学家过去数年间不断探索,但对努力方向是否正确并无太大把握。

  “我们虽然已从事(艾滋病)疫苗研制数十年,”福西告诉法新社记者,“但直到几年前,仍没有一丝线索显示我们行进的方向正确。”

  然而,过去几年间发生的两起“转折性”事件,令科学家看到曙光。

  第一件,是美国和泰国联合开发试验的新型艾滋病疫苗可使人体感染艾滋病病毒风险降低31.2%。

  美国和泰国公共卫生部等机构2003年实施RV144项目,旨在研究疫苗防止感染艾滋病病毒的能力。超过1.6万名泰国志愿者参加疫苗测试。

  “结果显示,(疫苗)对预防感染艾滋病病毒起到较小至适度的积极作用,”福西说,“这虽不至于好到能让这种疫苗广为发放,但至少使我们感到,(研制)疫苗有可能。”

  ■现抗体

  第二件,是国家过敏症和传染病研究所专家上周在美国《科学》期刊上发表最新研究成果,称发现两种能“绑定”并打击90%以上艾滋病病毒变异毒株的抗体。

  研究人员在一名艾滋病病毒携带者的血液中发现这两种对病毒具有广谱抑制能力的抗体。

  福西说,这两种抗体“绑定”部分病毒信息后能打击这种病毒。研究人员下一步将着手把这部分病毒信息植入个体,以期保护这一个体免于感染艾滋病病毒。

  尽管不知艾滋病疫苗何时能投放市场,但福西表示,上述两起转折性事件使科学家信心倍增。

  国家过敏症和传染病研究所是美国卫生和公众服务部下属国家卫生研究院的一个研究机构。

  ■重防控

  按福西的说法,艾滋病疫苗投放市场前,防控工作仍是各国抗击艾滋病的重点。

  他建议各国政府和卫生机构提高艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病人的收治率,继续探索艾滋病防控新途径,如着力开发杀微生物剂等。

  “(我们)应让尽可能多的病人获得治疗,”福西说,“因为我们知道,收治率越高,这些病人传染其他人的可能性就越低。疫苗投放市场前,治疗也是一种预防。”

  美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马13日公布抗击艾滋病战略,着眼减少新感染者人数、关怀艾滋病病毒携带者、消除社会不平等。战略提出明确目标,力争今后5年把国内新增艾滋病感染人数降低25%。

  ■文/闫洁(新华社特稿)

2010/07/16 00:45 Source: YNET.com North Youth Beijing Youth Daily

■ data images show an AIDS patient from the Thai capital Bangkok, 150 kilometers north of treatment within a temple ■ Xinhua / AFP National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said an expert on the 14th, after decades of efforts, the global Health authorities have been made in AIDS vaccine development, "significant progress", so that scientists of such vaccines to market confidence.

■ have a direction

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases head Anthony Fauci said that although the commitment to AIDS vaccine research, scientists continue to explore the past few years, but not too hard to grasp the correct direction.

"Although we have been engaged (AIDS) vaccine development for decades," Fauci told AFP, "but until a few years ago, still no trace of clues show us moving in the right direction."

However, occurred in the past two years, "turning point" of the event, so scientists can see the dawn.

The first is the United States and Thailand joint development of new experimental human AIDS vaccine can reduce the risk of HIV infection 31.2%.

The United States and Thailand Ministry of Public Health and other agencies to implement RV144 project in 2003 to study the vaccine's ability to prevent HIV infection. More than 16,000 volunteers to participate in vaccine trials in Thailand.

"The results show, (the vaccine) in preventing HIV infection has played an active role in small to moderate," Fauci said, "This is although not good enough to make the vaccine widely released, but at least we are, (development ) vaccine may be. "

■ are antibody

The second is the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases experts last week in the U.S. "Science" journal published in the latest research, said the two can be found in "binding" and the fight against more than 90% variation of strains of HIV antibodies.

Researchers in the blood of an AIDS virus carriers of the virus found in two antibodies with broad-spectrum inhibition.

Fauci said that the two antibodies "bind" part of the virus message to combat the virus. The next step will proceed to this part of the implantation of the individual virus information, in order to protect the individual from infection with HIV.

Although I do not know when to put on the market an AIDS vaccine, but Fauci said the two incidents turn enables scientists confidence.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States under the Ministry of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health, a research institution.

■ re prevention and control

Statement by Fauci, an AIDS vaccine on the market before, prevention and control is still the focus countries to fight AIDS.

He recommended that governments and health agencies to increase HIV and AIDS 感染 De admitted rate, continue to explore new ways of AIDS prevention and control, Ru focus Kaifa kill Weisheng Wu agents.

"(We) should allow as many patients receive treatment," Fauci said, "because we know that treated higher the rate of transmission of these patients the lower the possibility of other people. Vaccine on the market before the treatment is a preventive . "

13th U.S. President Barack Obama announced strategy to fight AIDS, focusing on reducing the number of new infections, care for AIDS virus carriers, elimination of social inequalities. Strategy with clear objectives, and strive to the next 5 years the number of domestic new HIV infections by 25%.

■ Wen / Yan Jie (AP)
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-7-16    文章录入:nnb ]