已有60多所高校成立青春红丝带社团,注册在校大学生会员超过1.4万多人———
●调查显示
大学生艾滋病毒携带者每年都有新增病例,已经成为高危人群
从8月18日到8月22日,北京市卫生局等单位组织近20所首都高校首次集体到河南艾滋病村进行考察。调查显示,尽管大学生艾滋病毒携带者总数很少,但每年却都有新增病例,大学生已经成为艾滋病危害的高危人群。
北京佑安医院爱心家园护士长福燕介绍,大学生所处的年龄,一些人会有性经历。但是,大学生的性知识只是通过同学之间的讲述,没有更多渠道了解更科学的知识,比如如何怀孕、如何预防性病等。
调查显示,本市大学生中已经有艾滋病毒携带者,大二、大三等年级以及男女性别都有。尽管人数不是很多,占大学生总数的比例也很低,但每年都有新增确诊病例,加上社会人群艾滋病毒携带者人数增加,使得在校大学生危险性也在增加。
根据北京市防艾委的统计数据,截至2009年5月,全市累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人6383例,其中本市居民1343例、外省市居民4722例、外籍人员247例,不详71例。2009年1月到5月,全市报告发现艾滋病感染者和艾滋病病人共计501例,较去年同期的411例增加了90例。
为了保障大学生的身心健康,北京市卫生局、市教育工委、市教委、团市委、市红十字会下发通知,要求高校成立青春红丝带社团组织,通过志愿者以及同伴教育的方式,在大学生中普及艾滋病防护知识。“目前,已经有67所高校成立青春红丝带社团,注册的在校大学生团员超过1.4万人。”首都高校“青春红丝带”社团工作领导小组办公室许建农说,“不少高校通过展板、走访等方式开展活动,并与区县结成互帮互助小组。”
许建农介绍,今年年底,本市还将组织大规模的高校防艾教育骨干志愿者培训,同时还将与地坛医院、佑安医院等合作建立实践基地,每年暑假组织骨干团员到艾滋病村进行真实的体验等,从而使防艾教育在大学生中的普及率超过80%。
●现场
零距离与艾滋病携带者交流
8月21日上午,包括北京大学、北京科技大学、北京航空航天大学等近20所首都高校青春红丝带社团骨干成员,来到河南省上蔡县芦岗乡文楼村卫生所,零距离与该村正在就诊的艾滋病毒携带者进行了交流。
文楼村是全国著名的艾滋病毒重灾区。“全村3900多人,艾滋病毒携带者358人,约占全村总数的10%。”文楼村卫生所所长程小段说,“这些村民染上艾滋病毒,主要在于上世纪90年代初期有偿卖血。另外还有少数母婴传播以及不明原因传播。”
听完程小段所长的介绍,在征得卫生所同意后,大学生们随后与艾滋病毒携带者进行了零距离交流。对如何患病、家庭生活怎样、孩子身体是否健康……就这些最敏感的问题,中央民族大学女生钟韵与患者进行了交流。令大学生感到意外的是,原本以为他们都不愿谈起艾滋病,但事实却是他们已经能平静地面对现实。
“我能和您合张影吗?”钟韵提出了一个更加敏感的要求。
“可以!”一名快50岁的艾滋病毒携带者微笑着说。
在卫生所的输液室,六七名艾滋病毒携带者正在输液。首都经济贸易大学女生李蕊与一名正在输液的大妈攀谈起来。尽管大妈还有一定顾虑,但还是回答了大学生的不少问题:“两个孩子都没有染上,他们也正在上大学。”
村民告诉首都高校青春红丝带社团团员,现在谁携带艾滋病毒大家都很清楚,没有一点歧视和“隔离”的感觉,但以前却不这样,艾滋病曾经非常“恐怖”:“一个艾滋病毒携带者与别人一起打牌,当别人听说他携带病毒后,随后就把他坐的小板凳用开水冲洗,后来还不放心干脆把小板凳烧了。因为大家不知道艾滋病通过什么途径传播。”
现在,每年都有村民主动前来咨询,健康的人还主动到县疾控中心进行检测,通过两次检测确诊身体健康。“艾滋病毒携带者现在前来卫生所看病,就像平常感冒、发烧、拉肚子一样。”程小段说,“由于多年的有效宣传,尽管大家依然重视艾滋病的防控,但已经不像前些年那么恐慌。另外,近几年来,村里也没有新增的艾滋病病例了。”
记者了解到,首都高校“青春红丝带”社团河南考察团除了零距离接触艾滋病毒携带者外,还与河南驻马店市艾滋病防治机构工作人员进行了座谈,参观了该市疾控中心和血站,同时还就艾滋病知识以及传播途径等在村庄、车站等进行了问卷调查。
●对话
高校“防艾”宣传任重道远
作为首都高校防艾宣传圈内的名人,中央财经大学大三学生王聪参加了这次考察。关于首都高校防艾宣传,记者与王聪进行了对话。
记者:大学生艾滋病毒携带者实际情况如何?
王聪:目前,还没有一个来自权威部门的统计数据,但事实却是大学生艾滋病毒携带者数字确实在增加。发现这些病例的主要途径是大学的常规体检、献血体检、大病住院等。可以说,大学生已经成为艾滋病爆发的危险人群,但没有进入快速爆发期。
记者:据你近几年的调查和研究,大学生染上艾滋病毒途径有哪些?
王聪:艾滋病毒传播的主要途径有三种:性、母婴传播、输血。对于大学生来说,不存在母婴传播,输血感染的概率也非常小,因此主要是性。一方面大学生处于性冲动活跃期,男女之间发生性行为不可避免,另外还存在一些性交易行为。但由于大学生性知识缺乏,大多不戴避孕套等,从而导致容易染上各种性病病毒。
记者:高校进行“防艾”宣传容易吗?
王聪:高校进行“防艾”宣传困惑很多。第一,有的学校领导不重视,学校的防艾宣传没有场地、没有经费、没有人力。第二,同学不理解我们的工作,不少同学认为艾滋病与我无关,同时艾滋病这个话题也与传统的家庭教育相违背,认为讨论这些感到很别扭。第三,大学生的学业、实践、打工等安排充实,没有时间参加这样的宣传。为了达到宣传目的,我们除了把展板放置在人流较多的路段外,还经常追着向别人做宣传。另外,我们举办的防艾主题讲座,必须通过邀请名人参与吸引同学参加,比如濮存昕、鞠萍等,这样才让400多人的大会场座无虚席;如果没有名人参与,自愿参加的最多能来100多人。
记者:你们的宣传被质疑过吗?
王聪:经常受到质疑。比如他们会质疑我们按照生产厂家提供的安全套的正确使用方法,还质疑我们提供的艾滋病毒携带者的数据以及传播率等。这次能来河南艾滋病村考察,让我们的宣传有了些底气,对于我们这些没有经验的志愿者来说,“去过”这两个字很重要。
●记者手记
谁应该给大学生进行“脱敏教育”
说实在的,写这篇稿子的顾虑很多。因为性教育仍然是最为敏感的问题,何况这个话题还跟性病有了牵连。但是,艾滋病却不因我们过于敏感而远离我们的大学生。在采访过程中,我也一直在思考一个问题:谁应该给大学生进行“脱敏教育”?
这个“脱敏教育”更多的是给学生进行一种生活教育。现代学生在应试教育的片面引导下,不会做饭、不会交朋友、不会玩耍、不会生活……但是,他们都将走向社会,一些问题必须面对:比如恋爱、结婚、教育孩子等。
我们在呼唤家长注重对孩子生活技能教育的同时,在有些问题上还需要学校和政府的积极参与,创造一些途径和机会让大学生们深入参与。
正如大学生考察文楼村所时说:“我们回去能做些什么?我想,作为志愿者,首先要学会保护自己,这也是去保护别人的基础;其次,就是真正地去影响身边的人,把我们知道的真正落实到生活中,让他们对艾滋病不再一无所知;最后,更伟大些,开拓思路,用更多的方式去影响那些陌生人。”
University Village volunteers up close and AIDS
2009/08/25 00:00 Source: YNET.com North Youth Beijing Youth Daily Dengxing Jun
More than 60 colleges and universities have set up Youth Red Ribbon association, registered in more than 14,000 college students than members ---
● survey
Students living with HIV new cases each year, has become a high-risk groups
From August 18 to August 22, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau have organized nearly 20 colleges and universities for the first time a group to the capital of Henan AIDS village in the province. Survey shows that despite the overall low number of students living with HIV, but they have new cases every year, college students has become a hazard to high-risk groups of AIDS.
Beijing You'an Hospital nurse caring to their homes Fu Yan introduced the age in which college students, some people have sexual experiences. However, only through the knowledge of university students among the students to talk, there is no more channels for more scientific knowledge, such as how the pregnancy, how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
Survey shows that students in the city have been living with HIV, sophomore, junior grade, etc., as well as both male and female gender. Although the number is not a lot, accounting for a very low proportion of the total number of university students, but new cases diagnosed each year, coupled with the number of people living with HIV increased, the risk in college students are also increasing.
According to Beijing Municipal AIDS Prevention Committee of the statistical data, as of May 2009, the city's total reported HIV infected persons and AIDS patients in 6383 cases, of which 1343 cases of city residents, residents of other provinces and cities 4722 cases, 247 cases of foreign workers, 71 cases of unknown . In January 2009 to May, the city's report found that HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients, a total of 501 cases compared with 411 cases last year increased by 90 cases.
In order to protect the physical and mental health of university students, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, the Municipal Committee, and Municipal Education Commission, the Youth League, the Urban Red Cross issued a circular calling for the establishment of Youth Red Ribbon College community organizations, volunteers and peer education through the way universal access to AIDS prevention among college students of knowledge. "At present, there are 67 colleges and universities have set up Youth Red Ribbon societies, registered members in more than 14,000 college students were." Capital University "Youth Red Ribbon" Leading Group Office of the Societies Jiannong Xu said, "Many colleges and universities through the panels , visited, etc. to carry out activities and mutual help groups formed with the districts and counties. "
Xu Jian-Nong introduction, by the end of this year the city will organize a large-scale AIDS Prevention Education in Colleges and Universities backbone of volunteer training, but also will work with Ditan Hospital, You'an Hospital of cooperation such as the establishment of the practice base of the backbone during the summer months the village members to AIDS, the real experience, so as to make AIDS Prevention Education in College Students in the penetration rate of over 80%.
● Field
Zero-distance carriers and AIDS communication
The morning of August 21, including Beijing University, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, nearly 20 colleges and universities capital, key members of the Youth Red Ribbon association came to Lu Gang Xiang Wenlou Village in Henan Province Shangcai clinics, zero distance treatment with the village people living with HIV are being conducted exchanges.
Man is a famous village of HIV-stricken area. "3900 the village more than 358 people living with HIV, accounting for about 10% of the total number of the village." Clinic director Cheng Wen village of sub-paragraph says, "these villagers are infected with HIV, mainly in the early 90s of the last century paid selling blood. There are also a small number of mother to child transmission and spread of unknown causes. "
After listening to the Director-way sub-paragraph introduction, with the approval of clinic approval, followed by college students and people living with HIV had zero distance communication. On how to illness, family life and what the child's body is healthy ... ... on these most sensitive issues, the Central University for Nationalities, Iong girls conducted exchanges with patients. So surprised that the students originally thought that they were unwilling to talk about AIDS, but the fact is that they are able to calmly face the reality.
"I can do with your co-Zhang Ying?" Yun Chung presented a more sensitive requirements.
"Can be!" A quick 50-year-old HIV-positive with a smile.
In the clinic's infusion room, 67 people living with HIV are infusion. Capital University of Economics and a female Li Rui are infusion Aunt conversation. Although Aunt still have a certain apprehension, but still a lot of university students answered the question: "two children are not infected, they are on the university."
The villagers told the capital, the Red Ribbon community college youth members, who are now living with HIV will all be clear, with no discrimination and "isolation" feeling, but did not do so, AIDS has been a very "terror": "an AIDS virus carrier those who play cards with others, when people heard that he was carrying the virus, and then put a small stool he was sitting flush with boiling water, then do not worry just put a small bench burned. because we do not know what the transmission of AIDS through. "
Now, every year the villagers take the initiative to come to counseling, healthy people also took the initiative to the county CDC for testing through two test confirmed good health. "HIV is now a doctor to come to clinics, like ordinary flu, fever, diarrhea and the same." Subparagraph Cheng said, "because of years of effective advocacy, even though we still attach importance to AIDS prevention and control, but unlike in previous years has been Then panic. In addition, in recent years, the village has had no new cases of AIDS. "
This reporter has learned, the capital of colleges and universities, "Youth Red Ribbon" Apart from up close and Societies delegation of Henan people living with HIV, but also to Zhumadian City, Henan Province AIDS prevention and control agency staff held a forum, visited the city's CDC and the Blood , and also on the route of transmission of AIDS knowledge, and so on in the village and train stations conducted a survey.
● Dialogue
Colleges and Universities, "AIDS Prevention" propaganda long way to go
Colleges and universities as the capital of anti-aids publicity circle of celebrity, Central University of Finance Wang Cong juniors took part in the study. With regard to the capital, anti-aids publicity universities, journalists engaged in a dialogue with the Cong.
Reporter: college students living with HIV has actually happened?
Cong: At present, there is no one from the authority of the department of statistics, but the fact is that college students living with HIV figures are indeed on the rise. Found that the main way these cases are the University of routine physical examination, blood examination, serious illness hospitalization. It can be said of university students has become an AIDS outbreak at-risk populations, but did not enter the fast-burst period.
Reporter: According to your research and studies in recent years, students infected with HIV means what?
Wang Cong: HIV transmission There are three main ways: sexually, mother to child transmission, blood transfusion. For university students, there is no mother to child transmission, blood transfusion probability of infection is very small, so it's mainly sex.一方面大学生处于性冲动活跃期,男女之间发生性行为不可避免,另外还存在一些性交易行为。 However, due to a lack of knowledge of university students, most of them do not wear a condom and so on, resulting in a variety of sexually transmitted diseases vulnerable to the virus.
Reporter: Colleges and Universities for "AIDS Prevention" propaganda easy?
Cong: Colleges and Universities for "AIDS Prevention" propaganda confused a lot. First, some school leaders did not attach importance to the school anti-aids publicity is not the venue, no money, no manpower. Secondly, the students do not understand our work, many students believe that AIDS has nothing to do with me, while the topic of AIDS is also contrary to the traditional family education that was very awkward to discuss these. Third, the students of the school, practice, working and other arrangements for full, did not have time to participate in such publicity. For propaganda purposes, in addition to more display panels placed in the passenger section, but also often chasing advertise to others. In addition, we organized the AIDS Prevention theme-based seminars, to be by inviting celebrities to attract students to participate in, such as Pu Cunxin, Ju Ping, etc. to be allowed more than 400 people packed the Assembly field; If there are no celebrities involved, voluntary participation can come up to more than 100 people.
Reporter: Are you the propaganda was challenged before?
Cong: frequently been questioned. For example, they would question our provided by the manufacturer in accordance with the proper use of condoms, but also challenge we provide people living with HIV as well as data transmission rate. This could come to Henan AIDS village visits, let us have more emboldened propaganda, for those of us who have no experience of volunteers, the "visited" This word is very important.
● Journalist's notes
Who should give students a "desensitization education"
Indeed, the concerns of a lot of writing this manuscript. Because sex education is still the most sensitive issue, not to mention sexually transmitted diseases, this topic was kind enough to have involved. However, AIDS is not because we are too sensitive and away from our students. In the interview process, I have been pondering a question: Who should give students a "desensitization education"?
This "desensitization education" is to give students more of a life education. Modern students under the guidance of the one-sided test-oriented education will not cook, will not make friends, do not play, will not live ... ... but they will be returning to society, a number of issues must be faced: for example, love, marriage, education, child and so on.
We call parents to pay attention to their children life skills education in the same time, some issues still need the active participation of schools and government to create a number of ways and opportunities for the students of deep involvement.
Students examine the text, as when the village of which said: "We go back can we do?, I think, as a volunteer, we should first learn how to protect themselves, which is to protect someone else's foundation; secondly, that is really to influence people around them and know the real implementation of our daily life, so that they are no longer ignorant of AIDS; and finally, greater more, explore new ideas, with more ways to influence those strangers. "