China's floating population of the AIDS Prevention and Control (Summary)
   At present, the AIDS epidemic in the world wide, since 1985, China was found after the first cases of AIDS, AIDS has spread rapidly in China, has entered a period of rapid growth [1].
In the spread of AIDS and the epidemic, AIDS prevention and control throughout the world have a common understanding of colleagues that the number and size of the floating population is growing to promote a very important factor in the situation in China is no exception. This article from the concept of the floating population, China's population history of the process of migration flows, at this stage, the characteristics of China's floating population, AIDS on the threat of China's floating population and its control measures, etc. were reviewed.
First, the concept of floating population
Because the causes of population movements, a variety of process and outcome, resulting in a number of similar connotation and extension of other floating population on the concept of floating population in order to make domestic and international AIDS prevention and control of coherence of these concepts, we should a unified understanding.
1. Mobile population (mobile population). This concept more common in the international arena, it refers to a variety of employment or security reasons, from one region to another movement, which includes international and internal migration, occupational mobility (such as drivers), travel, refugees, regardless of legal or illegal, either long-term or short-term [2].
2. The floating population (floating population). This concept is currently mainly used in China [2], it refers specifically to people in the place of residence did not change the original account of the circumstances, the location of the accounts to engage in outside work, business, social services and other economic activities, the so-called "person households separation, "but ruled out the tourism, school, friends, relatives, military service and other circumstances. As for how much space, time range of people to be separated from the floating population households, according to the actual work will be to determine the standard [3]. Such as China's "floating population management of family planning work" provides the same in rural township (town) the same town or county (city) administration is not within the list of flows [4].
3. Transfer of population or migration (migrant population). Both at home and abroad, the concept refers to people from one region to another campaign aimed at re-select the settlements, including the voluntary and non-voluntary, such as legal and non-legal cases [2]. In China, different from the flow of migration, should normally be place of residence along with the original account to a new place of residence to change the account, including the school, to mobilize the work of the army, demobilization, etc. [3]. In this paper, the following referred to "the flow of the floating population" is invoked "human family separation" concept.
Second, at this stage, the characteristics of the floating population
As China's socialist market economy, increasing the number of floating population, in 1995, according to one percent national population sample of data, we estimate that China's total of 53.497 million floating population. According to state "the floating population on the macro-control study" [3] analysis of the floating population in China at this stage the main features are:
1. Geographical distribution.
Flow in the counties and cities are 11,211,000 (20.9%), the province has跨县City, the movement of 24,592,000 (or 46.0%), inter-provincial flow of 17,695,000 (33.1%).
2. Age-sex characteristics.
Floating population in male-dominated, accounting for 57.64%, accounting for 42.36% of women, sex ratio is 136, higher than the corresponding ratio of the total population of 104. The vast majority of the mobile population of young adults 15-65-year-old population accounts for 86%, 15-34 years old accounted for 71% of the population.
3. Education.
And above high school level of education, 17%, 41% junior high school level of education, primary and secondary educational level below 41%, other 1%.
4. Occupational characteristics.
In the floating population, 41% of workers engaged in production (such as construction, industrial and mining enterprises), transport workers and other related occupations, accounting for No. 1; 19% engaged in agriculture, forestry, wood and fishery workers, accounting for the first two; 16% work in business, accounting for No. 3.
Third, AIDS, the impact of the floating population
Relatively fixed population, the floating population is a special group, but the mobility of the population and AIDS itself, there is no causal relationship, but population movements and the spread of HIV combination of factors really led to the acceleration of the spread of HIV [6 ]. from analysis of existing literature, AIDS on the impact of China's floating population mainly as follows:
1. To prevent migrant workers lack of knowledge know that blood-borne and sexual transmission of 79 percent, respectively, 84% [7], mobile service, Miss know the route of transmission of AIDS was 73% -78% [8].
2. More high-risk behavior occurs. Wu Zunyou, Jarman red in the number of surveys conducted in Yunnan shows, bars, hair salon services, 80%, respectively, Miss, 83% admitted to provide services [9]; services when Miss prostitution and having sex with her boyfriend to use condoms the proportion is 41.3%, respectively, 11.7% [10] Liao Susu reports, Hainan in 1997 on the roadside shop waitress in the use of a condom when having sex with the man-made 53%, while in 1995 the results of the survey have a 22 percent increase but still very low [11] .3. venereal disease, a higher incidence of AIDS in a city, Jiangsu Province, 5892 to return the medical reports of construction workers, sexually transmitted diseases, detection rate of 4.34 percent; temporary residents of the detection rate of sexually transmitted diseases 6.41%, 2.71% for the driver, and the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases for the same year the city 28.80/10 million [12]. county of Yunnan Province in 1190 long-distance truck drivers 1.51% HIV positive [13].徐臣such as 1, 517 villagers go out to flow and the study of HIV infection, resulting in the history of those who go out to the 15.6 percent HIV infection rate was significantly higher than that without going out the history of the 8.8% [14]. Shanxi Province in 1995-1999 found that HIV-infected persons, 66.7% for the floating population [15].
Fourth, China's floating population of the AIDS Prevention and Control Measures
Floating population of AIDS prevention and control problem has been caused by our government and domestic and international organizations full attention. In 1997, the Ministry of Health and UNAIDS and its sponsoring organizations with the preparation of the "face of AIDS - AIDS in China report the status and needs" to population movement as a potential risk of the AIDS epidemic and social factors, and stressed: Only the risk reduction efforts and actions to reduce susceptibility to combine control of the effect of the spread of HIV would be more extensive and in-depth [16] .1998, the State Council issued "China's AIDS prevention and control of long-term program (1998-2010)" clearly, "By 2002, ... ... business entertainment, service establishments and mobile population and organizations gather more units to go abroad to staff the necessary publicity materials.". In January 2000, the Ministry of Health held a "China's mobile population of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS prevention and control countermeasures Seminar", on the current problems, the work of recent years, lessons learned and future direction of work to reach a consensus.
Current and next period, China's floating population of AIDS prevention and control work should focus on the following measures:
1. To strengthen inter-organizational coordination and cooperation in April 2000, the State Council convened a coordination meeting of sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, the Deputy Prime Minister Li pointed out at the meeting: "the prevention and control of AIDS is a need for comprehensive management of social engineering, we must rely on the leadership of the Government , the relevant departments and the participation of society as a whole and helping each other to complete. ". Floating population of AIDS prevention and control should be with the existing management system to combine, such as public security departments of the temporary residents of law and order management, labor departments of labor to foreign labor management training, family planning departments in the reproductive management of the floating population, health departments of the floating population management and disease prevention, but also role of trade unions, women's federations, industry associations, organizations, AIDS prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases such as the role of non-governmental organizations.
2. To find out the laws of population movement as a result of "human family separation" phenomenon of the increase in 1984, China's third census in the first survey of the "migration of population mobility project", followed by the fourth national census in 1990 and 1995 National sample survey of 1% of the population also continue to pay attention to the contents of the floating population. 1 November, 2000, China's fifth census began, more prominent is that migration flows are the focus of this survey is one of [17]. That the work can reveal the inherent law of population movements, for the Government various departments to develop relevant policies to provide a scientific basis.
3. Strengthen publicity and education, as mentioned above, and the spread of the AIDS epidemic, the rural population and the floating population is the focus of AIDS groups. Through a large number of floating population outflow from secondary schools in rural areas began to conduct extensive, in-depth, long-lasting health education, AIDS prevention to raise awareness of the rural population and self-protection ability, it will be the floating population of AIDS prevention and control of a positive impetus to the work of role. In addition, the use of rail for the floating population of AIDS health education should continue to adhere to well-established practice [18], and actively explore the characteristics of the floating population for a variety of forms of education.
4. To expand the scope of intervention in high-risk populations in the floating population of intravenous drug users, AIDS, prostitution, such as high-risk population, should actively learn from foreign countries generally proved effective interventions, combined with China's national research carried out in high-risk population policies and interventions measures to step up pilot projects, sum up experience, as soon as possible遏止住AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases spread quickly among the crowd momentum.
5. Improve the management of patients infected with the floating population with HIV infection and AIDS continues to increase in their health education and health counseling, medical services, as well as fixed-point monitoring of various practical problems such as no time to lose in front of us , given the current status of our country, the officer made the improvement of legislation to prevent discrimination, to strengthen the management proposals, both infected and patient care and basic human rights for humanitarian needs, but also to prevent HIV spread through the movement of population to protect the health of the masses interests.