受重大灾害袭击后的心理调节


人体如同一个生化工厂,面对如此巨大灾害的精神刺激和物理伤害,会产生各种对身心健康不利的负面反应。如同刚下战场的军人和刚经历激烈枪战的特警一样,心理需要不可缺少的调节和休整,重新复位,为灾后家园复位做好心理准备。所谓坚强的性格是建立在对自身弱点抑制调节和情绪的合理控制的基础之上,而非空中楼阁。摘录相关原文如下,供参考。

Getting Through

Tough Times

 

Controlling Stress

 

Unexpected income changes are among the most stressful events a person can experience. Unemployment, a disaster, divorce or the death of someone you love can be personally devastating and can trigger the same reactions.

 

Personal Crises Are Stressful

 

In a personal crisis, you may feel tense and angry. You may have mood swings and find yourself lashing out at others. Feelings of frustration can lead to family arguments. Or you may feel depressed and discouraged. These feelings may be normal and common. Other family members usually share some or all of your emotions, either directly or indirectly.  While sharing your feelings of loss and despair, they may also have to deal with your depression, frustration and anger.

 

Allow yourself and other family members to express feelings.  Don’t talk about “snapping out of it.”  This denies the seriousness of someone’s feelings.

 

A personal crisis may force you to make rapid changes in your life. It can disrupt your habits and normal routines and give you too much or not enough free time. Maintain your daily routines as much as you possibly can. Try to fill your time in satisfying and rewarding ways.

 

Unemployment may mean you can spend time with your children, spouse or other family members. Work on household projects that you haven’t had time to do. Read up on a topic you’ve wanted to learn more about.

 

Every member of the family feels stress during tough times.  Support and communicate with one another. Some roles and responsibilities may need
to be changed until the crisis is over. Be flexible and willing to try new things.  Studies show that families who meet challenges head-on are the most likely to successfully cope with crises.

 

Change can be difficult, but all family members need to pull together during a crisis. 

 

Take Care of Yourself

In order to better cope with stress, keep your body healthy.  Eat balanced meals, get enough sleep and exercise regularly.

 

One approach to coping with stress overload is to take a break from the stressful situation.  Here are some suggestions:

l       Take a walk.

l       Watch a movie.

l       Spend time on yourself — take a long bubble bath or shower.

l       Listen to music.

l       Work in the yard or garden.

l       Work on your favorite hobby, or start a new one.

l       Jog, dance or participate in some other physical activity.

 

Another approach is to take action to reduce excess muscle tension by using relaxation exercises.  Although relaxation exercises do not get at the causes of stress overload, they provide a physical release from tension.

 

Learning to achieve the relaxation response is a skill that takes practice. Practice the technique at least twice a day. Follow these guidelines:

l       Find a quiet place.

l       Get into a comfortable position — lie down on the floor or sit with uncrossed legs.

l       Breathe easily and naturally.

l       Keep muscles loose, limp and relaxed.

 

Easy Relaxation Techniques

 

Belly Breathing

Sit or lie comfortably in a relaxed position. As you slowly breathe in, let your belly expand. Think of it as a balloon filling with air. As you exhale, let the air out of your “balloon” slowly. Place your hands on your stomach. You should feel it rise and fall as you breathe.

 

Slower Respiration Rate

Slow down your breathing rate by seeing how few times you can breathe each 60 seconds. When you begin to get tense, take a few minutes and simply slow your breathing down to about three to six breaths per minute.

 

Shoulder Exercise

Try to touch your ears with your shoulders. Hold it for a count of 4. Then let your shoulders drop. Now rotate each shoulder separately toward the rear. Do each shoulder 5 to 10 times. Then do both shoulders together.

 

Massage

Massage the back of your neck, concentrating on the part that feels tense. Cup your thumbs at the front of your neck and massage on both sides of your spinal column, letting your head fall limply back against your rotating fingers. Use your fingers to massage around your hairline and under your jaw and your cheekbones.

 

Mental Vacation

Enjoy the pleasures of a vacation through your imagination. First, close your eyes and think of some place where you would like to be. Then go there in your mind. Perhaps you will go alone. Or you might imagine being with someone. You may be quietly watching the sunset, a mountain, the woods or an ocean. Or you may be active in hunting shells or rocks, hiking, playing some sport or game, climbing a mountain or cycling. Enjoy the experience.

 

When To Get Help

 

Sometimes things may get so difficult and out of control that you may need to get professional help. In every community, resources such as the family doctor, mental health professionals, support groups and clergy exist. They can help you deal with extreme levels of stress and the physical and emotional trauma that often accompany them.

The following symptoms indicate a need for outside help:

 

l       Feeling depressed.  (Some signs are crying for no reason, lack of personal care, feeling as if you don’t want to do anything, fatigue, unreasonable fears, inability to concentrate, change in appetite.)

l       Changed sleeping patterns.  (Sleeping too much, difficulty falling asleep, waking a lot during the night and too early in the morning.)

l       Abusing family members.

l       Thinking about suicide.

l       Disciplining too harshly.

l       Hallucinating (you hear voices or see things that are not there).

l       Considering separation from your spouse.

l       Thinking of nothing good to say.

l       Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.  (This could be drinking in the morning, hiding liquor so no one knows you are drinking, drinking more than two or three drinks or beers every night.)

l       Feeling guilty, as though you aren’t being a good parent to your kids.

l       Experiencing isolation.  (You don’t know anyone to talk to and you have a strong need to talk to someone.)

l       Making excuses for your situation or lying about your situation.

l       Having attacks when you feel extremely panicky (may also have high pulse rate and difficulty breathing).

l       Feeling overwhelmed by life.

 

Before your problems become too big to handle, find a trained, skilled counselor to help you and your family cope with this crisis.  A family counselor can help you handle your fears, adjust to your present situation, and plan adequately for the future.