2023年2月20日星期一学习笔记
早晨背完50个专八单词。
收到老师发来的学习资料，打印出来用电脑抄一遍，加深印象。之后再大声读出来，加深印象。
WMO Dister Risk Reduction=世界气象组织减灾行动
障碍，阻碍n=obstacle
可持续的adj=sustainable
准确的adj=accurate
危险、危害n=hazard
重点强调n=emphasis
有准备n=preparedness
投资收益率=return on investment
灾难造成的人员伤亡和财产损失严重影响了可持续发展。Human and material losses caused by such disters are a major obstacle to sustainable development.
要保护人们的生命和财产，官方需要在自然灾害形成之前发布准确易懂的预警，教育公众应对灾害的方法。By issuing accurate forecasts and warnings in a form that is readily understood and by educating people on how to prepare against such hazards,before they become disaters ,lives and property can be protected.
降低灾害风险是重中之重：为防灾投入一美元，就能减少价值七美元的相应损失---这笔投资的回报相当可观。Emphasis is on disaster reductuion:one dollar invested in disaster preparedness can prevent seven dollars’ worth of disaster-related economic losses --a considerable return on investment.
Emphasis is on disaster reductuion（黑色部分是句子的主干）:one dollar invested in disaster preparedness can prevent seven dollars’ worth of disaster-related economic losses(红色部分是插入语) --a considerable return on investment.
作业写了之后，老师的批改如下，自己要反复学习，错误的地方不再重犯：
英译汉【2022年下半年CATTI二级笔译实务】
出处：https://www.itf-oecd.org/covid-19/paradigm-shift-transport
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The sole weapon 【we currently possess against the virus】is to constrain human contact as far as possible. 翻译技巧 1词的选择：weapon=武器或手段 2减译：possess=掌握；这里可以不翻译，把possess against当成一个短语，主要翻译介词against的含义，使其成为目标语言中的动词，翻译为“对抗” 3语序的调节 【we currently possess against the virus】放到被修饰词weapon 前翻译 as far as possible放到被修饰词constrain 前翻译 |
我们当前对抗病毒的唯一手段就是尽可能地限制人际接触。 |
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As a result, the world has come to a near standstill. 翻译技巧 1常用词组： come to a standstill=陷入停滞（静止的）状态=停摆 |
于是，整个世界几乎停摆。 |
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From local transport to global supply chains, nothing has been spared. 翻译技巧 1常用词组： nothing has been spared（放过）=无一幸免（spare作为动词时，有“使...幸免”的意思，you'resparedbyGod. 是上帝让你免于这场灾祸） |
从国内运输到全球供应链，无一幸免。 |
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In urban traffic and on global trade routes, bustling movement has given way to weird calm. 翻译技巧 1常用词组：Agives way toB=A给B让路，即“B取代了A” 2 定语的翻译：要注意这句话出现了不太常见的定语前置结构，即“In urban traffic and on global trade routes”其实是“bustling movement”（喧嚣，忙碌）的后置定语，也就是说原句可以被还原为：bustling movement in urban traffic and on global trade routes has given way to weird calm.即weirdcalm（诡异的平静）取代了urban traffic 和 global trade routes的喧嚣。 直译：诡异的平静取代了城市交通和全球贸易的喧嚣。 意译：忙碌的城市交通和全球贸易运输不见了，取而代之的是诡异的平静 |
熙熙攘攘的城市交通和忙碌的全球贸易运输都不见了，取而代之的是诡异的平静。 |
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Activity in the aviation sector has fallen by 90%; car sales have slumped by the same order of magnitude in some countries. 翻译技巧 1词的选择： Activity in the aviation sector（直译：航空业的活动）=航空运输（包括客运和货运）； 2常用词组： Thesameorderofmagnitude 相同数量级；order这里类似数量词的作用 （America and Russia do not face a problem of the same order of magnitude as Japan. 美俄两国没有面临与日本同样级别的问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典） 3语序的调节：in some countries状语提前到句首 |
航空运输下降了90%；在一些国家，汽车销售也下降了相同的数量级。 航空运输下降了90%；在一些国家，汽车销售也大幅下降了90%。 |
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The transport sector finds itself in a totally unprecedented situation. 翻译技巧 1常用词组：finds itself in a ...situation=处于...的境地 |
交通运输业正处于前所未有的困窘。 |
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Now, that function has come to a halt as result of the restrictions in place around the world. 翻译技巧 1常用词组：has come to a halt=陷入停滞（halt停滞） 2增译：that function=thefunctionoftransport=交通运输的功能（本句中，“功能”可以不翻译；或翻译成交通运输的功能已经失效） 3语序的调节：as result of the restrictions in place around the world状语放在居首 |
由于世界各地的限制，交通运输已经停摆。 |
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At the same time, it must continue to function 【where moving people and goods is an imperative, not a choice】. 翻译技巧 1代替原则：it 的指代关系要翻译出来，即transport sector 2语序的调节：where moving people and goods is an imperative状语从句放在it前翻译 直译：在那些人和物必须流通的领域 意译：在某些必要的领域（没必要一定翻译“moving people and goods”因为它指的就是“交通运输”） 3减译imperative=not a choice翻译一次即可，即“必要的” |
但与此同时，在某些必要的领域，交通运输业仍要继续发挥作用。 |
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Doctors and nurses must be able to get to work. 翻译技巧 无 |
医生和护士必须能上班。 |
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Hospitals must be able to receive the supplies 【they need】. 翻译技巧 1语序的调节：they need放到supplies之前翻译 |
医院必须获得所需的物资。 |
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Confined citizens rely on provisions being delivered to shops. 翻译技巧 1词的选择：provision=补给=物资 2 being delivered为provisions 的宾语补足语，进一步说明provisions的状态，是正在不断地被送往商店 |
被隔离的市民还指望着物资被不断地送往商店。 |
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Not least, international supply chains must continue to move as seamlessly as possible //（此处断句，由于修饰成分太长，可以采用后置法翻译）to keep the inevitable economic impact as limited as possible. 翻译技巧 1常用词组：Not least=尤其重要的是...；as seamlessly as possible尽可能地无缝 2增译：增译逻辑连接词“虽然/尽管” 3后置法：to keep the inevitable economic impact as limited as possible独立成句，增译keep动作的发出者，即“我们” |
特别值得注意的是，国际供应链也必须尽可能地无缝运转。虽然运输停滞对经济方面的影响在所难免，但我们要尽量将其控制到最小范围。 |
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The sole weapon we currently possess against the virus is to constrain human contact as far as possible. |
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As a result, the world has come to a near standstill. |
结果是，这个世界到了一个几乎停滞不前的状态。 |
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From local transport to global supply chains, nothing has been spared. |
从国内运输到全球供应链，我们都不遗余力地努力[A2] 。 |
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In urban traffic and on global trade routes, bustling movement has given way to weird calm. |
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Activity in the aviation sector has fallen by 90%; car sales have slumped by the same order of magnitude（巨大） in some countries. |
航空业的业务减少了90%；在一些国家，同一批巨大数量的客户导致小汽车销售订单锐减[A4] 。 |
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The transport sector finds itself in a totally unprecedented situation. |
运输业发现自己彻底到了一个史无前例的状态。 |
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Now, that function has come to a halt as result of the restrictions in place around the world. |
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At the same time, it must continue to function where moving people and goods is an imperative, not a choice. |
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Doctors and nurses must be able to get to work. |
医护人员必须投入工作。 |
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Hospitals must be able to receive the supplies they need. |
医院需要的物[A7] 必须到位。 |
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Confined citizens rely on provisions being delivered to shops. |
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Not least, international supply chains must continue to move as seamlessly as possible to keep the inevitable economic impact as limited as possible. |
尤其是全球供应链必须尽可能像以前一样继续[A10] 运转，将疫情对经济造成的不可避免的影响控制到最小范围。 |
表达欠佳。In urban traffic and on global trade routes, bustling movement这句话其实是不太常见的定语前置结构，In urban traffic and on global trade routes其实是bustling movement的后置定语，所以原句可以被还原为：bustling movement in urban traffic and on global trade routes has given way to weird calm；而A gives way to B是常见词组，意思是“A给B让路”，也可理解为是“B取代了A”。按照字面意思的翻译是“诡异的平静取代了城市交通和全球贸易的喧嚣”，结合语境，意为“忙碌的城市交通和全球贸易运输不见了，取而代之的是诡异的平静”。