每一种知识的学习,在勤奋坚持的同时都是有技巧可寻的,在英语语法的学习中,都很多的词汇和语句都可以相互代替,大家要在学习的同事,寻找一些应用的小窍门,这样学起来就轻松多了,知道大家每天跟着耳朵脚步,英语语法的学习就会易如反掌啦。
一、替代表特指的单数名词
替代表特指的单数名词,可用it, that, the one。三者的区别是:
1. 替代单数可数名词时,三者均可用;替代不可数名词时,不能用the one,而要用it或that。此时it与that的区别是:表示同一事物时,用it;表示同类事物时,用that或the one。如:
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了,我不喜欢这儿的天气。(it在此就指前面提到的the weather)
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。(that在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类)
My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典,我非常喜欢它。(it在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典)
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。(the one在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类)
2. 替代事物时,三者均可用;替代人时,只能用the one。如:
Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫?——窗户边的那一位。
注:当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用it。
3. 当有前置定语修饰时,只能用the one。如:
Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的,不要大的。
4. 当有后置定语修饰时,通常用the one。如:
My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。
He said he would have the one near him. 他说他要靠近他的那一个。
Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?
Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的一枚。
但是,若后置定语为of引起的介词短语,则通常用that。如:
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
二、替代表泛指的单数名词
替代表泛指的单数名词,通常用one。如:
Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一架新的。
Did you get a ticket?—Yes, I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的,我设法搞到了一张。
三、替代表特指的复数名词
替代表特指的复数名词,通常用the ones。如:
I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。
Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
注:在口语中,也可用those来替代表特指的复数名词,尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句时。如:
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。
Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。
His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。
Students who do well in examinations are those [the ones] who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。摘自:快速学英语的方法