大连理工大学考博英语真题2007
Part I (15 points)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. She is a very_______student. She's always talking about traveling to outer space.
A) imaginary C) imaginable
B) imaginative D) imagining
2. I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I ______a rest.
A) deserve C) conceive
B) preserve D) receive
3. The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under_______.
A) conclusion C) continuation
B) contribution D) consideration
4. She remains confident and ________untroubled by our present problems.
A) indefinitely C) infinitely
B) optimistically D) seemingly
5. The presidential candidate________ his position by winning several primary elections.
A) consolidated C) enforced
B) intensified D) enriched
6. The company_______ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yer.
A) is promised C) is promising
B) has been promised D) promised
7. It's time_______ about the traffic problem downtown.
A) something was done C) anything will be done
B) everything is done D) nothing to be done
8. Physics is the present-day equivalent of ______ used to be called natural philosophy, from which most of the present-day science arose.
A) that C) which
B) all D) what
9. There is no easy solution to Japan's labor_______.
A) decline C) vacancy
B) rarity D) shortage
10. Visions are asked to with the regulations.
A) conflict C) comply
B) consult D) contrast
11. There was not a single person there thought you were right.
A) whom C) but
B) as D) whose
12. He failed to supply the facts relevant the case in question.
A) for C) to
B) with D) of
13. The girl was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department.
A) preliminarily C) formally
B) presumably D) formerly
14. The police are suspicious his words because he already has a record.
A) to C) on
B) at D) of
15. Very few scientists _______completely new answers to the world's problems.
A) come up with C) come round
B) come out D) come up to
16. The ______on this apartment expires in a year's time.
A) treaty C)lease
B) engagement D) subsidy
17. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally________ .
A) deteriorated C) dispersed
B) dissipated D) drained
18. By________ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.
A) coarse C) average
B) rude D) general
19. The political future of the president is now hanging by a_________.
A) thread C) string
B) cord D) rope
20. Many tourists were ______by the city's complicated traffic system.
A) degraded C) evoked
B) bewildered D) diverted
21. I didn't sent our my application form last week, but I________.
A) had to C) would do
B) should have D) might have to
22. We ________Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work..
A) subject C) owe
B) attribute D) refer
23. No one needs to feel awkward in _______his own customs.
A) pursuing C) chasing
B) following D) seeking
24. I am sure you would have seen her if you________ that evening.
A) had turned out C) had turned in
B) had turned on D) had turned up
25. The wings of the bird still_______ after it had been shot down.
A) slapped C) flapped
B) scratched D) fluctuated
26. Most people travel in the course of their work are given traveling________.
A) income C) wages
B) allowances D) pay
27. Children always are ______about things they do not know.
A) curious C) strange
B) queer D) quaint
28. Beijing is a ______city, and still more people are pouring in.
A) popular C) populace
B) populate D) populous
29. The direction were so_______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.
A) ingenious C) notorious
B) ambitious D) ambiguous
30. All the finished products stored in a_______ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.
A) garage C) capsule
B) cabinet D) warehouse
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: In this part, there are six passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that fallow. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.
Passage one
Questions 1—5 are based on the following passage
Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem of how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings-theatres and offices as well as classrooms-are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-condition even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery". A few modern building recover heat but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.本资料由博宸教育考博英语辅导提供，更多真题请访问 www.aimedu.com
Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off, Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johunstown campus would be a hard-working, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it______.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The best is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel
3. At Johnstown campus, how many of the buildings are heated entirely by the heat collection system?
A. none B. two C. four D. six
4. In line 6, "conventional" most nearly means_______.
A. ordinary B. powerful C. electrical D. extra
5. According to the passage ,which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
A. A fat female who studies hard
B. a fat male who does not study
C. A thin female who does not study
D. A thin male who studies hard
Passage two
Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage
A new kind of radar has been developed for space-age travelers. A working laboratory model of a new system of radar that makers use of a beam of light is said to be ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves.
The model has shown that this radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbital injection velocities of five miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thousandth of an inch per second. According to the scientists who are developing this system, such fine measures of velocity are of prime importance in space missions. In a rendezvous between two spaceships, or in a landing approach by a vehicle onto an orbiting space station, a bump could rip(划破) open a ship's skin, or a nudge could knock the station out of its orbit.
The light-beam radar, which operates at a frequency of trillions(万亿) of cycles per second, could easily detect and measure the movement of a vehicle edging up to a satellite space station even at a small fraction of an inch per second. A control systems using so precise a signal as this H W allow a huge vehicle to dock at a space station as lightly as a feather.
6. This radar system is significant because it .
A. is the first radar system to work in space
B. is more precise than microwave radar
C. is easier to operate than microwave radar
D. will work on the earth's surface as well as in space
7. Light-beam radar has proved capable of measuring speeds that_ .
A. are virtually negligible
B. cannot be detected visually
C. are of extremely high velocity
D. all of the above
8. Precision in measuring slow speeds will help space pilots to_______.
A. attain orbital
B. make rendezvous in space
C. land at space stations
D. both B) and C)
9. This radar will be especially valuable in space because_______.
A. accurate measurements are essential in space
B. the speeds of space vehicles will vary greatly
C. inaccuracies in measurement could cause accidents in space
D. all of above
10. An appropriate title for this selection would be_____.
A. Radar for the Space age
B. Rendezvous in space
C. The Function of Radar
D. Problems in Space Navigation
Passage Three
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage
"There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsim. Today unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of NorthwesternUniversity, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight mouths.
Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away -from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.
Living at home, says Kinghton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It make sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. They are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times-and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol Problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so either had to hide away or meet them at friends' house."
Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.
11. According to the author, there was once a trend in the U.S. .
A. for young adults to leave their parents an live independently
B. for middle class young adults to stay with their parents
C. for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence
D. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents
12. Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest______.
A. Young adults find housing costs too high
B. Young adults are psychologically and intellectually inmature
C. Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.
D. Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.
13. One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that .
A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday life
B. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family going
C. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parents
D. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents
14. The word "hassles" in the passage (Para.3,Line 4) probably means_______.
A. agreements B disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels
15. According to the passage what is the best for both parents and children?
A. They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expense.
B. Children should leave their parents when they are grown up.
C. Adult children should visit their parents from time to time.
D. Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.
Passage Four
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage
Ours is a society that tries to keep the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this division. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language.
Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear than change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive girls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk.
This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so interesting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who set out to find the stereotyped
sex differences in language, few have had any positive results. It deems that our images of serious
taciturn(沉默的) male speakers and gossipy garrulous(饶舌的) female speakers are just that: images.
Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be discarded as more has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around.
None of these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when sexdifferences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye-or ear-of the beholder, rather than in the language.
Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitched voices in
high pitched voices. We also believe that low pitch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that
this difference cannot be explained by anatomy.
If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they are unable to do is more likely to be that there are penalties. Males with high pitched voices are the object of ridicule. But pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to
country.
16. The passage implies that the author's attitude towards the division of feminine talk
and masculine talk is______.
A. assertive.
B. snobbish.
C. approving.
D. critical.
17. What does the word "effeminate"(Para 2) mean?
A. Unfeminine
B. Powerful
C. Obedient
D. Unmasculine
18. The author uses pitch as an example in order to indicate ________.?
A. that pitch is not a good example to explain the sex difference in language.
B. that males should talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voices.
C. that sex differences in language can not be well illustrated.
D. that sex differences lies in eye or ear of the beholder, rather than in the language.
19. Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk?
A. Always using trivial words
B. Repeat the same thing over and over
C. Stop talking when the sentence is not finished.
D. None of the above
20. Males do not speak loudly because_______.
A. males are unable to do so
B. males are afraid of being laughed at
C. high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than male speech
D. anatomy has proved that males tend to have lower pitches than females
Passage Five
Questions 21-26 are based on the following passage
Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Besesement and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J.Edgar Thomson steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products.
Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the social Farwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Charitist ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must save as a steward for the fortune; he has earned and used that fortune to provide great opportunity for all and to increase man's knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress to the community's responsibility for its own people.
When Carnegie died in Lenox, Mass, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.
21. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes________.
A. with the act of five enterprise system
B. through large loans from the American government
C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry
D. because he had relatives in the English and industry
22. Carnegie followed his ancestor's footsteps .
A. by developing a large industrial company
B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor
C. by furthering Spencer's philosoghy
D. by being a follower of social Darwinism
23. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was _______.
A. the manufacturing of steel
B. the transporting of the finished product
C. the movement of raw materials
D. the lumber business
24. Carnegie's trips to England_______.
A. were purely for pleasure and visiting relatives.
B. introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his life.
C. helped him gain steel contracts with British industrialists
D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel
25. Which happened first?
A. The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.
B. The introduction of Charitist ideals
C. The foundation of the J. Edgan Thomson Steel mills.
D. Andrew Carnegie's trips to Great Britain
26. Andrew Carnegie's Philanthropic ideals_______.
A. developed from his introduction to social Darwinism
B. developed through his education under Bessemer
C. developed form the Charitist ideals of his boyhood
D. resulted form union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company
Passage Six
Questions 27-30 are based on the following passage
Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.本资料由博宸教育考博英语辅导提供，更多真题请访问 www.aimedu.com
Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are available encyclopaedias that contain video programs depicting animal behaviours, geomorphic processes, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used, CD-ROMS of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks, enhancing the effectiveness of communication.
This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems is becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000 workstations are in use whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Because of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.
27. Multimedia computers ______.
A. can process anything but digital data
B. can even process television images
C. are rarely used in education
D. has few business applications
28. The underlined word "annotated" in the second paragraph most probably means______.
A .explain C. prepared
B. forwarded D. presented
29. According to this passage__________.
A. the market for multimedia computers has become saturated
B. most mainframes have been transformed into personal computers
C. most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframes
D. the now costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-volume production
30. Winch of the following is a proper title for this passage?
A. Multimedia Computers
B. Microprocessor Technology
C. Computer Networks
D. Changing Role of Computers
Part III Translation (30 points)
Directions: There are two parts. Please put the following English paper into Chinese or Chinese news items of science and technology into English. Write your English or Chinese version clearly and neatly on your Answer Sheet.
Section A (15 points)
The most intensive forms of rural land use for agricultural purposes are those concerned with harvestable crops or with the production of animal products. Unlike primitive agriculture, which involved only the temporary removal of natural vegetation and depended for a short period of time natural soil fertility, conventional agriculture today uses large inputs of chemicals, energy and technical skills to produce increased yields of crops or animals. In the technologically advanced countries food production is often greater than population growth, and it is possible to retire former farmlands from use and to produce crops according to demand without approaching the maximum yields obtainable. The so-called Green Revolution has been based on the spread such farming methods to less developed nations of the world. It has been made possible by the breeding of high-yielding forms of grain specifically adapted to the ecological conditions of the countries involved. The decision to use an area of land for high-yield agriculture essentially rules out its use for attar purposes. The intensive production of farm crops in an agricultural region may also have side effects; as has been previously noted, these may include the pollution of other the pesticides, herbicides, or other agricultural chemicals blown or washed from farmlands affect vegetation and animal life elsewhere. Nevertheless, committing an area to intensive agricultural production does not rule out its future restoration for other uses. As long as the soils are well cared for, such areas can be convened quickly to other purposes if it is not necessary to keep them in farm production. Abandoned farmlands in the southern United States, far example, are now highly productive forest areas, and former farming lands elsewhere are being used to support wildlife and outdoor recreation. In general planning for conservation of natural resuources, intensive use and high production in those areas best suited for farming must be of course, that the polluting effects of these activities on the general environment are avoided. Such concentration can spare the destruction of other resources through to use inadequate lands for marginal farming activities.
Section B (15 points)
1. 大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存得更久。
2. 上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当选择，更不是唯一的选择。
3. 仅碳氢两种元素能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的愿意可以不同的方式进行连接。
4. 所有这些都促使学生认真的学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。
5. 经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。本资料由博宸教育考博英语辅导提供，更多真题请访问 www.aimedu.com
Part IV Writing (15 points)
Directions: you are requires to write an essay of about 180-200 words according to the following topic.
Topic
Some people believe that attending a college or a university in a foreign country has many advantages; others believe that the disadvantages outweigh the advantage. Write a composition on the topic Studying Abroad in three paragraphs, in which you briefly discuss both side of this issue, and give your point of view.