哎呀,孩子们啊,今天来说说不定式的句法功能吧:先介绍四个,明天是后三个句法功能:不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。
He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。
1.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
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答案:A 句子说小吉姆我晚上应该想要去剧院吧。根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除。Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A。
2.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
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答案:C 根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项;又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C。
高考版块英语基础语法讲解第38期(2010年9月20日)
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