高考版块英语基础语法讲解第31期(2010年9月13日)


  情态动词表推测的用法小结

  (一)情态动词表推测的三种句式

  1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也许,或许)。

  (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?

  他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

  (2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.

  屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。

  2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。

  (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.

  这不可能是校长,他去美国了。

  (2)He may not/might not know the scientist.

  他也许不认识那位科学家。

  3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。

  (1)Could he have finished the task?

  他可能把任务完成了吗?

  (2)Can he be at home now?

  他现在能在家吗?

  注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

  (二)情态动词表推测的三种时态

  1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。

  (1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.

  5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。

  (2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.

  她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。

  2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。

  (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.

  他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

  (2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.

  这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

  (3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?

  布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?

  3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。

  (1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.

  地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。

  (2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .

  门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。

  (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book?

  难道他找到书了吗?

  注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:

  (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.

  现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)

  (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟)

  她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。

  (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟)

  汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。

  1. —Is Jack on duty today?

  —It __________ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. (2006四川卷)

  A. mustn’t                         B. won’t

  C. can’t                             D. needn’t

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案:C 句子说Jack是今天值日吗?不可能吧,他是明天的。根据下文的It’s his turn tomorrow可知,Jack今天“不可能”(can’t)当班,故应选C ,没有mustn't be表推测的用法。

  2. Some aspects of a pilot’s job __________ be boring, and pilots often __________ work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南卷)

  A. can; have to                  B. may; can

  C. have to; may                 D. ought to; must

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案: A 句子说从某些方面讲飞行员的工作很心烦,而且要连续工作好几个小时。第一空填can,表示推测——can用于肯定句表示推测,主要指理论上的推测,常可译为“有时会”,又如:Children can be very trying. 孩子有时很令人头疼。In winter the winds can be pretty cold. 冬天风有时很冷。第二空填have to指客观上的要求使得飞行员不得不这样做