艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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Sub-generation HIV assay performance and the generation of reagents described
Source: Qinghai News Posted: 2011-09-19 10:31:38 Editor: Han Li
In recent years, the world's HIV-infected people is still a further increase in national AIDS prevention work still faces many problems, as China's efforts to increase AIDS awareness, some previously neglected aspects of AIDS knowledge, been paying attention. An obvious change is the HIV voluntary testing more and more people, the recent detection of HIV prevention center (www.wxdz.cn) received a lot of friends counseling and testing reagents generational issues, our staff will be summed up this problem look for the majority of users learning and reference.
HIV test kit is only for the sub-generation ELISA reagents to distinguish, in addition to ELISA assay, the world and China is also commonly used gold standard hospital rapid diagnostic reagents, high sensitivity, simple, accurate and reliable, the test results time is short, etc., that is, we often say that the AIDS test strip. Regardless of generation of rapid diagnostic reagents, the effect is equivalent to third-generation enzyme-linked detection reagents, imported reagents (eg, Abbott HIV dipstick) testing time even close to the fourth generation enzyme-linked reagents, detection range and the same ELISA assay, detection of HIV1, HIV2 antibodies.
The first generation of reagents
In March 1985, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first HIV antibody screening reagents and applied to the screening of blood donors, the reagent is the first generation of HIV diagnostics. Principle of the first generation of HIV diagnostic reagents for the indirect ELISA coating antigen used for the in vitro lysate of HIV, the virus lysate antigens not only contain many complex, and contains the main structure and expression of HIV protein concentration can not be guaranteed, and the natural structure and expression of proteins that contains a lot of cross-epitopes, and thus, the sensitivity and specificity is not high, there are many false negatives and false positives. Nevertheless, the first generation of diagnostic reagents, the emergence of HIV is still a landmark change, which effectively blocked the spread of HIV through blood.
Second-generation reagent
With the rapid development of genetic engineering techniques, the second generation in May 1990 using recombinant or synthetic peptide antigens in HIV diagnostic reagents interview. While still using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay principle, but the second generation of diagnostic reagents window period shorter than the first generation of diagnostic reagents for about 20 days also increased the sensitivity and specificity. At the same time as the first generation of HIV-1 kit contains only antigen, and HIV-1 antigen and HIV-2 antigens of the nucleotide sequence difference of 40% of the HIV-1 antibody detection reagents for HIV-2 antibody-positive specimens lower sensitivity , often occurs undetected, in such cases the second generation of diagnostic reagents appeared HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody diagnostic kits, the kits in the coating material, he also joined the HIV-2 antigen (gp36 peptides ), so in a test can detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, which saves time and manpower, and cost savings. Second-generation agents compared with first generation, have significantly improved specificity.
Third-generation reagents
Appeared in 1994, the third generation of HIV diagnostic reagents to detect a change in the past indirect principle, the use of double antigen sandwich assay samples of antibodies, enzyme markers also by anti-human lgG antibody (the second antibody) to specific HIV antigens. In addition, in Cameroon found a group of HIV-1O, the researchers HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody reagents to detect HIV-1 O group specimens often found in false-negative, it is also added to the reagent antigen group of HIV-1O (gp41 peptide). Therefore, the third generation of reagents to improve sensitivity, further narrowing the window period, is internationally recognized as a better mode of HIV antibody testing, is currently the international and domestic mainstream products on the market, often regarded as the gold standard. At present, China-made third-generation HIV diagnostic kit in the sensitivity, specificity has reached the international advanced level.
The fourth generation of reagents
The fourth-generation HIV antibody diagnostic reagent is a HIV-1/HIV-2 and HIV-1O subsets combined p24 antigen and antibody detection methods. This kit eliminates the need for increased p24 antibodies and p24 antigen testing, does not affect HIV antibody testing. In the fourth generation of reagents for the study found that p24 antigen seroconversion titer reduction and the process does not reduce the S / CO ratio, have not been found negative for the fourth-generation and third-generation reagent kit samples test positive, it is not p24 antigenemia and serum antibodies to switch between the introduction of the first two diagnostic window period. As the fourth generation can detect HIV antigen and antibodies, HIV infection does not improve screening reagents, and therefore, screening of blood donors, it is recommended to use the fourth generation of reagents for testing to maximize the safety of blood transfusion.
