5 年成功预防献血途径传播艾滋病和肝炎
自 2005年以来，SANBS已经消除了数以千计输血传播感染
约翰内斯堡和中国上海2011年7月25日电 /美通社亚洲/ -- 南非国家血液服务中心（SANBS）公布了一项最新数据，数据显示其目前使用的用于筛查捐献血液中有无艾滋病病毒和肝炎的诺华诊断核酸检测 （Nucleic Acid TESting， NAT）产品显著提高了南非供血的安全性。随着数据的公布，南非国家血液服务中心最近也在举行活动，并表示通过过去5年的努力，成功预防了艾滋病病毒、肝炎通过已感染血液制品进行传播。
这些数据不仅显示了南非国家血液服务中心为保障公众健康所做的努力，也进一步表明，与多人份混样检测相比，每个单位独立的血液核酸检测（称为“单人份核酸检测”）才是检测捐献血液中有无1型艾滋病病毒（造成99.6%的 艾滋病病毒感染的病毒亚型）、丙肝病毒和乙肝病毒最灵敏的方法。
“在采用核酸检测之前，艾滋病病毒和肝炎经输血途径传播在南非绝非罕见”，南非国家血液服务中心首席运营官莱维·雷迪（Ravi Reddy）先生表示，“自从开始实行单人份核酸检测以来，我们几乎已经消除了风险，未曾出现过经输血或血液制品途径感染1型艾滋病病毒的报道。这表明在南非患者的安全性得到了显著提高，并且我希望这可以成为其他国家的榜样。”
自 2005 年以来，南非国家血液服务中心已经通过在 Procleix TigrIS核酸检测血液筛查平台上使用诺华诊断 Procleix Ultrio 试剂筛查了 380 万例献血中有无1型艾滋病病毒的核糖核酸（ HIV-1 RNA）、丙肝病毒的核糖核酸（HCV RNA） 和 乙肝病毒的脱氧核糖核酸（HBV DNA）。由于核酸检测 可以针对病毒本身的遗传物质（RNA 和 DNA）进行高灵敏的检测，所以它可以检测到传统血清学检测可能检测不到的感染，并可以缩短发生感染和检测到该感染之间的时间间隔，同时还能检测到极低水平的慢性感染。核酸检测的所有步骤充分集成和自动化，Procleix TIGRIS可帮助那些每日需要进行大量样本检测的实验室大大提高工作效率。南非国家血液服务中心同时也进行血清学检测，血清学检测即针对所有样品检测机体对感染的免疫应答（抗艾滋病病毒、抗丙肝病毒和乙型肝炎表面抗原）。
南非国家血液服务中心检测结果显示，诺华诊断的 Procleix Ultrio试剂已检测到6，487 份1型艾滋病病毒阳性的捐献血液，其中 96 份未被单独进行的血清学检测和艾滋病病毒 p24 抗原检测所检测到。1此外，在3，007份乙肝阳性单位中，有346 份未被单独进行的血清学检测所检测到，在 250份丙肝阳性单位中，有5份未被单独进行的血清学检测所检测到。这些已感染的血液如果未被核酸检测剔除，可能会呈阴性，而供患者输血使用。
根据联合国艾滋病规划署(UN AIDS) 公布的资料，在 2007 年，南非有 530 万艾滋病病毒感染者，即全国总体艾滋病病毒流行率为11%。这使得艾滋病病毒感染血液进入供血的风险更高，据预测，在南非每600 例献血中就有1例1型艾滋病病毒感染。
“像任何国家的情况一样，并非所有艾滋病病毒或肝炎感染者知道自己已经受到感染或者会意识到艾滋病病毒和肝炎进入供血的危险。这使得我们的血液筛查项目采用尽可能帮我们提供最安全血液的检测方法变得至关重要，”雷迪先生说，“这些数据显示单人份的核酸检测已经在南非取得类似的结果。”
附参考资料
关于艾滋病病毒
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 是一种逆转录病毒，它感染人体免疫系统的细胞，摧毁或破坏其功能。最常见艾滋病病毒类型为1型艾滋病病毒，该病毒很容易传播。
1型艾滋病病毒 是大多数艾滋病病例的罪魁祸首2，造成 99.6% 的艾滋病病毒感染。3，4此外，根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 公布的资料，全球有5-10%的艾滋病病毒感染是通过已感染的血液和血液制品输血获得。5
据估计，在 2009 年，南非有 560 万艾滋病病毒携带者，人数之多超过任何其他国家。6 据认为在 2009 年，估计有 310，000 南非人死于艾滋病。6 在年龄为 15-49 岁的人群中，患病率为 17.8%，有些年龄组极易被感染。6 几乎25-29 岁的三分之一女性以及30-34 岁的超过四分之一男性携带艾滋病病毒。7
关于丙肝病毒 (HCV)
丙肝病毒感染是一种病毒性疾病，它可导致肝脏炎症，并且可造成终身感染、肝硬化（形成伤疤）和肝
癌。8，9 据估计，全球有 1.70 亿人 (3%) 受到丙肝病毒慢性感染。9据估计，每年新增 300 到 400 万感染者。9 感染丙肝病毒的多数人在早期没有症状，并且在许多情况下，可能没有疾病症状直到形成肝硬化。8 南非丙肝病毒感染的患病率未知，但估计在 0.1 (2) 到 1.7% 之间。10 丙肝病毒感染在携带艾滋病病毒的人中更为严重，并且更迅速造成肝损坏。11丙肝病毒共感染可能还会影响艾滋病病毒感染的治疗。11
关于乙肝病毒 (HBV)
乙肝病毒 感染是急性和慢性肝疾病的主要原因之一。全球大约三分之一的人口感染乙肝病毒。12 大多数严重结果出现在患有慢性乙肝感染的人中。每年大约有 100 万慢性乙肝患者死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌。12 乙肝病毒是仅次于烟草的人类患癌症的主要原因。12 据估计，超过 50% 南非人受到该病毒感染，并且至少 300 万人携带慢性乙肝病毒。12
关于南非国家血液服务中心
南非国家血液服务中心是一个非营利性机构，它为南非的 9 个省份中的 8 个省份提供静脉输血服务。南非国家血液服务中心每年采集 780，000 份单位血液（100% 自愿），并且拥有两个检测中心（约翰内斯堡和德班）、七个血液处理中心以及为超过 1000 家医院和诊所服务的 79 个血库。南非国家血液服务中心获得南非国家认证体系 (SANAS) 认证。
参考文献
1) VerMEulen， M.， Reddy， R.， Sensitivity of NAT Options: The SANBS EXperience， South African National Blood Service (SANBS). (2011， June). Symposium conducted at the International Society of Blood TransFusion (ISBT) Congress， Lisbon， Portugal.
2) World Health Organization - About HIV page: http://www.who.int/hiv/abouthiv/en/
3) Kandathil AJ et al. 2005. Molecular epidemiology of HIV. Indian J Med Res. 121:333-344.
4) Buonaguro L et al. 2007. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Distribution in the Worldwide Epidemic: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. J. Virol. 81(19):10209-10219.
5) World Health Organization
http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section980/SectioN1162/Section1167/Section1171_4810.htm
6) UNAIDS (2010) 'UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic'
7) Human SCiences Research Council (2009)， ‘South African National HIV Prevalence， Incidence， Behaviour and Communication Survey， 2008: A Turning Tide Among Teenagers?’
8) PubMed Health: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001329/
9) World Health Organization - Hepatitis C page http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/Hepc.pdf
10) WHO Weekly Epidemiologic Record. 1999;74:412-28
11) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/faCTSheets/coinfection.htm
12) South African Vaccine and Immunisation Centre http://www.savic.ac.za/disease.php?sub3=88
消息来源 南非国家血液服务中心
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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South African National Blood Service (SANBS) released the latest data
At 9:02 on July 25, 2011 Source: PR Newswire
5 years of successful prevention of blood transmission of HIV and hepatitis
Since 2005, SANBS has eliminated thousands of transfusion-transmitted infection
Johannesburg and Shanghai, China July 25, 2011 / PRNewswire-FirstCall / - South African National Blood Service (SANBS) announced a new data, showing the current screening of donated blood for HIV without virus and hepatitis diagnostic nucleic acid test Novartis (Nucleic Acid TESting, NAT) products significantly improve the safety of blood supply in South Africa. With the publication of the data, the South African National Blood Service has also recently held events, and that through the efforts of the past five years, successful prevention of HIV and hepatitis through infected blood products to spread.
These data not only show the South African National Blood Services to protect public health efforts, but also further evidence that people were mixed with sample test compared independent of blood per unit nucleic acid testing (called "single-copy nucleic acid testing ") is testing whether donated blood in HIV-1 (resulting in 99.6% of the HIV virus subtype infection), hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus, the most sensitive methods.
"Before the introduction of nucleic acid detection, HIV and hepatitis transmitted by blood transfusion in South Africa by no means rare," the South African National Blood Services Chief Operating Officer Levi Reddy (Ravi Reddy), said, "Since the introduction of single copies of nucleic acid detection, we have almost eliminated the risk of not appeared by transfusion of blood or blood products means of infection HIV-1 reports, which show that in South Africa, patient safety has been significantly improved, and I hope this can become a model for other countries . "
Since 2005, the South African National Blood Service has been detected by Procleix TigrIS nucleic acid blood screening platforms Novartis Diagnostics Procleix Ultrio reagent screening 3.8 million blood donors in the availability of HIV-1 RNA (HIV-1 RNA), hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV RNA) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA). Because nucleic acid test for the virus itself can be the genetic material (RNA and DNA) for highly sensitive detection, it can detect conventional serological tests may not detect infection, and can shorten the infection and the infection is detected between time interval, while to detect very low levels of chronic infection. Nucleic acid testing of fully integrated and automated all steps, Procleix TIGRIS help those who need large number of samples per day of laboratory testing greatly improve work efficiency. South African National Blood Service also carried out serological testing, serological testing for all samples that test the body's immune response to infection (anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B surface antigen).
South African National Blood Services test results show, the Procleix Ultrio Novartis diagnostic reagents has been detected 6,487 copies of HIV-1-positive blood donors, of which 96 were not alone in serological testing and detection of HIV p24 antigen detected. 1 In addition, 3,007 units were positive for hepatitis B, there were not 346 separate serological tests detected in 250 HCV-positive units, 5 were not separately detected by serological testing to. If you have been infected with the blood of these nucleic acid testing has not been removed, may be negative, and for use in patients with blood transfusion.
According to UNAIDS (UN AIDS) data released in 2007, South Africa has 5.3 million HIV infected people, that country's overall HIV prevalence rate was 11%. This makes HIV infected blood entering the blood supply are at higher risk, according to forecasts, in every 600 blood donors in South Africa, 1 in cases of type 1 HIV.
"Like any country in the case, not all HIV or hepatitis infection or know they are infected with HIV and hepatitis will be aware of the danger of entering the blood supply, which makes our blood screening program used to help us provide the safest possible blood testing methods becomes critical, "Reddy said Mr.," These data show that single copies of the nucleic acid detection has been achieved similar results in South Africa. "
With reference
About HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, it infects the human immune system cells, destroy or damage its function. The most common type of HIV type 1 HIV, the virus spread easily.
Most HIV-1 is the culprit of AIDS cases 2, resulting in 99.6% of HIV infection. 3,4 In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) released data, there are 5-10% of global HIV infection is through infected blood and blood products transfusion received. 5
It is estimated that in 2009, South Africa has 5.6 million HIV carriers, number of people than any other country. 6 It is believed that in 2009, an estimated 310,000 South Africans died of AIDS. 6 At the age of 15-49 year-olds, the prevalence rate of 17.8%, some groups are vulnerable to infection. 6 Almost one-third of women aged 25-29 and more than a quarter of men aged 30-34 living with HIV. 7
About hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatitis C virus infection is a viral disease that can lead to liver inflammation and can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scar formation), and liver
Cancer. 8,9 It is estimated that 170 million people worldwide (3%) were hepatitis C virus chronic infection. 9 It is estimated that an annual increase 300-4000000 infection. 9 The majority of people infected with hepatitis C virus have no symptoms in early, and in many cases, may not have symptoms of the disease until cirrhosis. 8 South Africa, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is unknown, but estimates range from 0.1 (2) to 1.7%. 10 hepatitis C virus infection in people with HIV are more serious and cause liver damage more quickly. A total of 11 hepatitis C virus infection may also affect the treatment of HIV infection. 11
On hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis B virus infection is acute and chronic liver disease, one of the main. Approximately one-third of the world's population infected with hepatitis B virus. 12 The results appear in the most serious of those infected with chronic hepatitis. Each year, about 1 million chronic hepatitis B patients died of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 12 HBV is second only to tobacco, the main reason for human cancer. 12 It is estimated that over 50% of South Africans are infected by the virus, and at least 300 million people living with chronic hepatitis B virus. 12
South African National Blood Service on
South African National Blood Services is a non-profit organization, it is South Africa's nine provinces in the eight provinces to provide intravenous blood transfusion services. South African National Blood Services units of blood were collected annually 780,000 (100% voluntary), and has two testing centers (Johannesburg and Durban), seven blood processing center as well as more than 1,000 hospitals and clinics in 79 blood banks . South African National Blood Service Center received national certification system in South Africa (SANAS) certification.
References
1) VerMEulen, M., Reddy, R., Sensitivity of NAT Options: The SANBS EXperience, South African National Blood Service (SANBS). (2011, June). Symposium conducted at the International Society of Blood TransFusion (ISBT) Congress, Lisbon, Portugal.
2) World Health Organization - About HIV page: http://www.who.int/hiv/abouthiv/en/
3) Kandathil AJ et al. 2005. Molecular epidemiology of HIV. Indian J Med Res. 121:333-344.
4) Buonaguro L et al. 2007. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Distribution in the Worldwide Epidemic: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. J. Virol. 81 (19) :10209-10219.
5) World Health Organization
http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section980/SectioN1162/Section1167/Section1171_4810.htm
6) UNAIDS (2010) 'UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic'
7) Human SCiences Research Council (2009), 'South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2008: A Turning Tide Among Teenagers?'
8) PubMed Health: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001329/
9) World Health Organization - Hepatitis C page http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/Hepc.pdf
10) WHO Weekly Epidemiologic Record. 1999; 74:412-28
11) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/faCTSheets/coinfection.htm
12) South African Vaccine and Immunisation Centre http://www.savic.ac.za/disease.php?sub3=88
Source South African National Blood Services
