全球基金暂停对华援助，促使人们对公民社会中的政府角色及草根组织自我建设进行反思
□ 本刊记者 戴廉 | 文
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“这
不公平！”国际NGO“互满爱人与人”驻华代表迈克尔试图压制愤怒：“全球基金突然中断，不符合程序，是对我们的不尊重！”
迈克尔所指，是5月27日接到的一份通知。通知来自中国全球基金中央执行机构——中国疾病预防控制中心（中国CDC），通知上白纸黑字地写着：“全球基金将暂停一切项目经费支出。”
在三天前，据法新社报道，全球基金发言人赫斯特（Andrew Hurst）指出，他们已在5月冻结了在中国的所有支出。
接到通知那天，“互满爱人与人”的30名员工正在云南12个县，准备迎战夏季的疟疾发病高峰；协助他们的，还有220个村的214名兼职疟疾员。该组织的另外14名员工则在云南为2009年10月1日启动的肺结核防治项目服务，对昆明农民工进行面对面的健康培训。两个项目的资金，全部来自全球基金。
资金冻结，则意味着迈克尔无法向员工发放薪金，所有的活动无法继续。
受到影响的远不止这一家NGO。“在艾滋病、结核病和疟疾的防治方面，中国对‘全球基金’依赖性相当大。”前中国疾病预防控制中心国际合作处处长、前任中国全球基金中央执行机构执行主任强正富对财新《新世纪(17.37,0.01,0.06%)》表示。
另一位中国结核防治领域的专家也坦言：“麻烦大了。”
总部设在瑞士日内瓦的“全球基金”，是一家政府与私人合作组织，全称是“全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金会”（The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria）。目前，全球四分之一的艾滋病项目、三分之二的结核病项目和四分之三的疟疾项目的国际资金，都由其提供。
全球基金也是中国在卫生领域最大的国际合作项目。卫生部数据显示，项目实施八年来，累计签约资金9.37亿美元，已执行资金5.48亿美元，还有可能得到承诺的经费6.8亿美元。项目覆盖范围已经扩大到全国三分之二以上的县、区。
资助为何暂停，这场“全球基金”风波导火索何来？联合国艾滋病规划署国家协调员、代表马克对财新《新世纪》记者指出，资金如何管理及公民如何参与是主要原因。此前，卫生部疾控局副局长郝阳也回应媒体称，中方与“全球基金”的分歧主要是对“社会组织”的定义不同。
但在强正富看来，“最大的问题在于草根组织如何参与到疾病的防治之中”。
风波由来
风波的到来并非毫无征兆。
早在2010年11月，全球基金已经停止了对艾滋病项目的拨款。
据非政府组织“中国全球基金观察”披露，2010年11月26日，全球基金东亚区基金经理Enkhjin Bavuu向中国国家疾病控制中心主任王宇发出了针对中国全球基金RCC艾滋病项目未满足条款和条件的信。信件称，由于项目执行方未能满足项目协议中规定的一系列前提条件，全球基金将无法继续对该项目进行拨款。
促使Enkhjin Bavuu发出这封信的，是全球基金秘书处委托两家公司对RCC项目开展的外部评估。
2010年8月12日全球基金中国国家协调委员会艾滋病工作组的会议纪要显示，会议决定接受国际专家对于中国全球基金项目进行为期十天的外部评估工作。外部评估最终于2010年10月15日至11月5日期间开展。
这封信指出，中国全球基金艾滋病项目在采购和供应管理计划、项目文件、机构能力建设方案、文件递交时间、公开透明选择社会组织、社会组织参与RCC项目管理和战略规划、社会组织资金分配比例下限等多个方面存在问题。
信中尤其提到，根据协议，RCC项目第一年应该将活动经费的20％下沉到公民社会组织，但这一目标并没有实现。而全球基金中国国家协调委员会也曾向全球基金承诺，每年至少有35%的项目活动经费用于支持NGO类别（第一年为20％，以后逐步提高）。
根据进展报告和拨款申请，一共753个社会组织申请到了8442个项目，用于支持这些项目的资金预计是320万美元，仅为当年项目活动经费4980万美元的6.4%，或报告期内项目活动预算的10.9%。
中国试图扭转资金停拨的厄运。2011年1月，中国疾病控制中心主任王宇给全球基金东亚区基金经理Enkhjin Bavuu回信，承认已经认识到中国全球基金项目面临着挑战，即项目协议以及相关文件的内容存在自相矛盾的地方，同时愿意找到更好的解决方案，履行项目协议；并愿意按照全球基金的要求，将2010年的剩余资金更多地分配给社区组织。
此后，全球基金中国国家协调委员会和中央执行机构的网站上，出现了多个与社会组织相关的公告。比如，2011年3月29日，两家网站都发布了《扩大中国艾滋病防治工作公民社会能力需求独立评估招标公告和工作章程》，4月11日又发布《RCC项目支持公民社会组织经费资助机制的独立评估招标公告和工作章程》。
但局势不仅未能扭转，反而愈演愈烈。5月中旬，全球基金决定，除了挽救生命的药物供应等干预措施继续，暂停对中国艾滋病、结核病和疟疾项目的所有资助。
中国是否应该积极争取援助？
对于迈克尔来说，这一决定难以接受。这个在全球NGO领域浸淫30余年的德国人对财新《新世纪》记者表示，他此前的职业生涯中从未有过这样的遭遇。“如果我们的项目执行出了问题，通常的程序应该是，指出错误但给予一定的时间解释；此后即使决定中断资助，也应提前通知，而不是突然中断。”
“事件可能被政治化了。”迈克尔对此愤愤不平。他的一个证据是，全球基金的创建者之一，曾就职于世界卫生组织的卡耐基·梅隆大学教授Jack Chow博士，曾在2010年7月21日的《外交政策》杂志上对中国的全球基金项目提出质疑。
“中国越来越大的胃口会降低全球基金的整体贡献。”Jack Chow在这篇题为《吞鲸十亿，中国的胃口》（China’s Billion-Dollar Aid Appetite）的文章中写道，中国在过去八年里积极争取了全球基金的资助，但其捐款数额仅1600万美元。“相反，最大的捐赠国美国，已经捐助了55亿美元，法国则捐助了25亿美元。这些国家不想从中获得任何资金馈赠，但中国却获得了相当于其捐赠60倍的回报。”
他进一步写道：“当捐款人意识到，其捐款有一大笔给了一个完全有能力负担本国卫生项目的国家时，他们将越来越不愿意捐款。”
这封信在西方主要捐赠国之间产生了巨大影响，压力也直接传导到全球基金。
NGO“中国全球基金观察”项目首席执行官贾平在接受记者采访时指出，全球金融危机以来，几个主要的捐款国财政吃紧，全球基金也面临着巨大的财政压力，“他们找不到充足的捐赠承诺。”而在全球范围内，对于提升艾滋病和公共卫生国际援助项目的治理水平和透明度的呼声也日渐高涨。
贾平指出，“20世纪90年代，克林顿提出艾滋病是一个事关国际和国家安全的问题，甚至比战争更有理由得到捐款。一时间，许多资金都投入到这个领域。从目前几个新兴国家的情况看，艾滋病的传播率在下降，这说明项目起作用了；但同时，对于艾滋病的筹资是否仍然那么重要也存在着质疑。”
“目前的大趋势是在全球的卫生援助项目中加强治理水平，这是金融危机后各国财政紧缩的必然结果。”贾平说，“以往那种奢侈花钱的援助形式注定一去不复返了。”
许多NGO也担忧，如果“全球基金”撤出，其它基金会是否会竞相效仿？
清华大学公共管理学院NGO研究所所长邓国胜认为，中国仍然应该积极争取全球基金的援助，因为“中国仍然不够富裕，而且地区差异很大” 。
在去信反驳Jack Chow时，迈克尔说：“是的，仅凭上海和北京街头的奔驰、宝马豪车，一个外国游客可以轻易遗忘掉中国的7亿农民，但是，这个国家的基尼系数高达0.5，还有1.3亿—1.6亿人生活在世界银行的贫困线以下。”
然而，许多人似乎已经对申请全球基金资助丧失了信心。
5 月20 日下午在北京德宝饭店召开“中国全球基金项目国家协调委员会第三十六次全体会议”纪要显示，对于中国是否计划申请第十一轮结核病项目，结核病工作组组织成员进行电子邮件投票。14名成员中共有10名成员投票，其中9名成员反对申请，1名成员要求申请。当天会议上，美国使馆代表也提出，目前国际社会认为中国不应申请新的全球基金项目。
在如此境况下，中国公共卫生领域的筹资模式是否应适时调整？
现实着实令人尴尬。2011年3月21日下午，卫生部公布全国肺结核疫情现状时指出，各级政府积极履行承诺，不断加大防治经费投入，中央财政结核病防治专项经费从2001年的4000万元，逐渐增加到2010年的5.6亿元左右，地方财政投入从2001年的7250万元，增加到2010年的4亿元左右。
在强正富看来，相比中国居高不下的结核病发病率，这样的资助是杯水车薪。
一位肺结核领域的卫生官员还指出，尽管国家制定了防治计划，但仍有省份并未作相应投入。而迈克尔则指出，“中国的县级财政负担了大多数卫生开支，其50%的财政收入来自土地出售，根本无力负担。”
割裂的政府与公民社会
全球基金的压力，不仅来自国际社会，也来自中国的艾滋病草根组织。“许多草根组织申请不到经费，就向全球基金告状。”多位接受采访人士对财新《新世纪》记者说。
中国全球基金项目国家协调委员会（CCM）主席、卫生部国际合作司司长任明辉6月1日对新华社记者表示，中国和全球基金对于“社会组织”概念的理解不尽一致，中方认为社会组织包括协会、学会、人民团体、社区组织和感染者组织，而全球基金认为社会组织仅包括社区组织和感染者组织。双方就此问题多次沟通，目前已就社会组织参与项目问题基本达成一致意见。
“中国全球基金项目国家协调委员会已经作出了承诺，会在2011年度将25%的预算用于社区组织。”联合国艾滋病规划署的马克在接受财新《新世纪》记者采访时说， “中国政府已经表示了更强的承诺。”
邓国胜指出，全球基金进入中国后，催生了一大批草根组织，尤其是防艾NGO，其中大多数没有登记注册。有统计显示，中国防艾领域NGO已达到了500多家甚至上千家。但这场草根组织大发展的历程中也伴随着诸多深深的裂痕。
“政府和草根组织之间是割裂的。”曾在中国全球基金国家协调委员会中担任艾滋病患者代表的Thomas对财新《新世纪》记者说，“尽管政府一直在说要和草根组织合作，但这种合作很多时候是象征性的，双方的沟通合作机制匮乏。”
双方诉求不一。“政府认为草根组织应该支持国家的工作，帮助控制艾滋病；但草根组织认为，全球基金的钱就是指明给草根组织的，就应该拿到这笔钱。”Thomas说，其结果是，“一旦有人拿不到这笔钱，就会对政府进行指责。”
而在强正富看来，这种裂痕的出现仍与政府重视不够有关。
强正富认为，“政府现在必须拿出诚意，与草根组织切实交流，而不仅仅是把合作放在口头上”。在2009年退休之前，强正富的身份是中国疾病预防控制中心国际合作处处长，同时兼任中国全球基金中央执行机构执行主任。
在他看来，对于疾病，尤其是艾滋病的防控，草根组织的角色无法取代。“除了治疗，艾滋病防控的重要任务是阻断传染源。这就需要找到感染者。但是，在中国，除了卖血感染者，大部分感染者都是边缘人群，包括同性恋、性工作者、吸毒人员等等。他们中的很多人从事的是非法工作，政府无法接近他们，只能依靠草根组织，也就是这些人群自己。”
草根组织的另一个不可取代之处是维权。中国社会科学院教授李楯指出，早期艾滋病人很多是输血感染，他们的权益无法得到保障，只能通过草根组织。
迈克尔表示，中国目前的社会矛盾日益凸显，“面对市场带来的各种问题，必须允许人们组织起来自我救助，否则他们会选择以极端行为的方式去与现实对抗。”
硬币两面
在2010年之前，政府和草根组织曾经有过一段合作甚欢的时候。“那时候开过一个好头，后来有所倒退。”贾平说。
强正富认为，部分原因是，2010年之后，全球基金在中国的管理出现变化，“以往草根组织申请经费都是通过中央执行机构，但现在，要通过地方执行机构进行申请。各地对草根组织的认识参差不齐，有些地方政府拼命打压草根组织，激起了反弹。”
中国艾滋病工作民间组织全国联席会议秘书处负责人、浙江爱心工作组组长王龙指出，有些地方CDC人员，让自己的亲戚捏造草根组织申领经费；还有些地方，本该给草根组织的经费被公安局、财政局等政府机构挪用。
现实的另一面是，裂痕也在草根组织内部越演越烈。“全球基金之后一下子冒出成千的草根，但有几个是真正做事的？”Thomas认为，当前的抗艾草根组织中存在一种产业化倾向，“大家像做生意一样，最关心的是能不能申请到经费，而不是公共卫生的最终效果。”
长期观察抗艾草根组织的李楯则指出，早期草根组织是自发形成的，其主要的目的是相互抱团取暖，尽管备受政府打压，但自助色彩很浓，比如一些男男同性恋组织就是如此。后来，当越来越多的援助资金进入中国，政府“半承认”其合法性后，这些组织之间开始矛盾重重。
“对外高喊民主、人权；对内实行专制、独裁的草根组织领袖有很多。”李楯说，“民间社会同样缺乏公民社会。”
在李楯看来，中国公民社会难以健康成长，不仅是政府的问题，也是社会本身出了问题。“中国改革开放30年，但基本的制度没有变，社会的权力运行机制和治理结构没有变，形成了一套强权力、弱市场、无社会的格局。这些是问题的根源。”
不过，在强正富看来，这些都是发展过程中的问题。他强调，政府以更开放的心态看待草根组织，是解决问题的第一步。
目前，令他最为担忧的是，草根组织的许多能力“还停留在原始状态”。在他看来，随着日后更多资金将拨付给草根组织，对政府而言，如何帮助草根组织提高能力、对其项目工作进行监管、与草根组织进行更加有效的沟通协调，同样是一个很大的挑战，而政府此前“并未作过这方面的准备”。
“政府必须加强和草根组织的沟通、交流，否则只会引起更大的风波。” 强正富说。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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Interrupt the grass-roots anti-AIDS NGO funds caught screeching survival
http://www.sina.com.cn 2011 年 06 月 07 日 08:57 "New Century" magazine
The Global Fund suspended aid to China, prompting the government on the role of civil society and grassroots organizations to reflect self-construction
□ reporter Dai Lian | text
blog.caing.com / dailian
"This
Not fair! "International NGO" Humana People to People "on behalf of Michael trying to suppress the anger in China:" The Global Fund at its sudden interruption does not fit, is disrespectful to us! "
Michael pointed out, is May 27 received a notice. Notice from the Global Fund to central executive body in China - China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), in black and white notice reads: "The Global Fund to suspend all project expenditures."
In three days, according to Agence France-Presse reported that a spokesman for the Global Fund Hurst (Andrew Hurst) pointed out that in May they had to freeze all spending in China.
Notified that day, "Humana People to People," the 30 employees are 12 counties in Yunnan Province, to prepare against malaria during the summer peak; to help them, and 214 220 part-time village malaria workers. The organization's other 14 employees in Yunnan Province, Oct. 1, 2009 start of the tuberculosis control project services, to Kunming, the health of migrant workers face to face training. Funding two projects, all from the Global Fund.
The freezing of funds, it means that Michael can not be awarded to staff salaries, all the activities can not continue.
Affected much more than that, a NGO. "In AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria prevention and treatment, China's 'Global Fund' dependence considerable." Former Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Director of International Cooperation, the former Global Fund Executive Director of the central executive body of the financial strength are the new rich " New Century (17.37,0.01,0.06%), "said.
Another Chinese experts in the field of TB control, admits: "big trouble."
Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, "Global Fund", is a collaboration between the Government and private organizations, called the "Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria" (The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria). Currently, a quarter of the global AIDS program, two thirds of the TB program and three-quarters of international funding for malaria programs, are provided by.
The Global Fund is the largest in the health sector of China's international cooperation projects. Ministry of Health data show that implementation of the project for eight years, $ 937,000,000 total contract funds, $ 548,000,000 of funds has been implemented, there is likely to be committed to funding $ 680,000,000. Project coverage has been expanded to more than two thirds of the counties and districts.
The reasons for suspending funding, this "Global Fund" storm fuse come from? UNAIDS Country Coordinator, on behalf of Mark of the fiscal new "New Century" reporter pointed out that the management of capital and civic participation is the main reason how. Earlier, Deputy Secretary for the Ministry of Health Disease Control also responded to media, said Hao Yang, China and the "Global Fund" differences are mainly on the "social organization" is defined differently.
However, being rich in strong view, "the biggest problem is how to participate in grassroots organizations to combat the disease into."
Origin of storm
Sign of the arrival was not without controversy.
Back in November 2010, the Global Fund on AIDS, has stopped funding the project.
According to the non-governmental organizations "China Global Fund Watch" Disclosure, November 26, 2010, the Global Fund fund manager Enkhjin Bavuu East Asia to the Chinese Center for Disease Control Director Wang Yu of China issued by the Global Fund against AIDS project RCC terms and conditions are not met letter. The letter said failure to meet the project implementation under the project agreement in a series of prerequisites, the Global Fund will not be able to continue funding the project.
Send this letter to promote Enkhjin Bavuu, is the Global Fund Secretariat on the RCC project commissioned by the two companies to carry out an external evaluation.
August 12, 2010 Coordinating Committee of the Global Fund China AIDS Working Group minutes of the meeting, the meeting decided to accept the international experts the Global Fund project for the Chinese ten-day external assessment. Final external evaluation in October 15, 2010 to November 5 was carried out between.
The letter pointed out that China Global Fund AIDS project in the procurement and supply management plan, project documents, institutional capacity building programs, files, submit time, open and transparent selection of social organizations, social organizations in the RCC project management and strategic planning, social organizations, the ratio of funds lower limit, and other aspects of a problem.
The letter referred in particular, under the agreement, RCC project activities should be funded the first year 20% of sinking to the civil society organizations, but this goal was not achieved. The National Coordinating Committee of the Global Fund Global Fund commitments had also, at least 35% of the project funding to support NGO activities in class (20% first year, after gradually increase).
According to progress reports and funding applications for a total of 753 social organizations to the 8442 project, the funds used to support these projects is expected to be $ 3,200,000, funding for project activities only for the year 6.4% of $ 49,800,000, or project activities during the reporting period 10.9% of the budget.
China is trying to reverse the bad luck of funds Tingbo. January 2011, Wang Yu, director of Chinese Center for Disease Control to the Global Fund in East Asia, fund managers Enkhjin Bavuu reply to recognize China, the Global Fund has recognized the challenges facing the project, that project agreement and related documents, the contents of the existence of the paradox of At the same time willing to find a better solution to fulfill the project agreement; and are willing to in accordance with the requirements of the Global Fund, in 2010 the remaining funds will be allocated to community organizations for more.
Since then, the Global Fund Country Coordinating Committee and the Chinese central executive body of the site, there a number of related announcements and social organizations. For example, March 29, 2011, the two sites have published the "expansion of China's AIDS prevention and control capacity of civil society needs an independent assessment of tenders and work rules," April 11 issued the "RCC project support funding mechanism for civil society organizations independent evaluation of tenders and work rules. "
However, not only failed to reverse the situation, but worse. In mid-May, the Global Fund decided, in addition to life-saving interventions such as drug supply continues, the suspension of China's AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria all project funding.
Whether China should actively seek assistance?
For Michael, it is difficult to accept this decision. The area steeped in the global NGO people in more than 30 years of the German financial new "New Century", told reporters that his career had never had such an experience. "If we project implementation is a problem, the usual procedure should be pointed out that the error but to give some time to explain; then decided to discontinue funding if, should also be notified in advance, rather than suddenly interrupted."
"Incident may be politicized." Michael this angry. One of his evidence, the founder of the Global Fund, the World Health Organization has worked at Carnegie Mellon University professor, Dr. Jack Chow, who in July 21, 2010 the "Foreign Policy" magazine in China Global Fund questioned.
"China's growing appetite will reduce the overall contribution to the Global Fund." Jack Chow in the article, entitled "swallow the whale billion, China's appetite" (China's Billion-Dollar Aid Appetite) wrote an article, China positive for the past eight years the Global Fund funding, but the amount of their contributions is only $ 16,000,000. "Instead, the United States the largest donor, has contributed 5.5 billion, France contributed 2.5 billion. These countries do not want to receive any funds from gifts, but China has received the equivalent of 60 times the return of their donation."
He further wrote: "When the donors realize that their contributions have a huge ability to afford a fully national health project country, they will be increasingly reluctant to contribute."
This letter is among the major Western donors had a tremendous impact, pressure is directly transmitted to the Global Fund.
NGO "Observation of the Global Fund in China" project Jia Ping, chief executive officer told reporters that the global financial crisis, several major financial donors tight, the Global Fund is also facing enormous financial pressure, "they could not find sufficient donor commitments. "In the global context, for enhancing the AIDS and public health level of international aid projects and transparency of governance are increasing calls.
Jia Ping pointed out that "the 20th century, 90 years, Clinton AIDS is a matter of international and national security, even more reason than war to get donations. For a time, many funds are put into the field. From the current number of emerging countries situation, the spread of AIDS rate is declining, indicating that the project works out; the same time, funding for AIDS is still as important as there are doubts. "
"The current trend in global health assistance project to strengthen governance, the financial crisis is the inevitable result of national fiscal austerity." Jia-ping said, "In the past the kind of assistance in the form of luxury to spend money gone forever doomed a. "
Many NGO also worried that, if the "Global Fund" to withdraw, and other foundations will follow the race?
Tsinghua University NGO Research Institute of Deng Guosheng that China should still be actively seek assistance from the Global Fund, because "China is still far off, and the great regional differences."
In a letter to refute the Jack Chow, Michael said: "Yes, the streets of Shanghai and Beijing alone Mercedes-Benz, BMW luxury cars, a foreign visitor can easily forget about China's 700 million farmers, however, the country's Gini coefficient up to 0.5 , there are 130 million -1.6 million people living in the World Bank's poverty line. "
However, many people seem to have the application for the Global Fund lost confidence.
May 20 Double Hotel in Beijing, held in the afternoon, "China Global Fund Country Coordinating Committee at its thirty-sixth plenary session," the minutes show that the Chinese plan to apply for the tenth round of the TB program, TB working group members to e-mail vote. A total of 14 members 10 members voted against the application of which nine members, one member requested application. The day of the meeting, representatives of the U.S. Embassy raised the international community that China should not apply for a new Global Fund project.
In such circumstances, the Chinese public health financing model should adjust?
Reality really embarrassing. March 21, 2011 afternoon, the Ministry of Health announced the current situation of the national tuberculosis epidemic that governments at all levels fulfill their commitments, increasing financial input control, the central government special funds from the TB 4,000 million in 2001 and gradually increased to 2010 5.6 billion yuan of local financial investment of 72.5 million yuan in 2001, increased to 4 billion yuan in 2010.
Is rich in strong opinion, compared to the high incidence of TB in China, such funding is inadequate.
A Tuberculosis Health officials also pointed out the field, although the state developed a control program, but the province still does not make the appropriate investment. And Michael pointed out that "China's financial burden for most county health expenditure, 50% of its revenue from land sales, simply can not afford."
Fragmented government and civil society
The pressure of the Global Fund, not only from the international community, but also from China's AIDS grassroots organizations. "Many grassroots organizations are not eligible for funding, to complain to the Global Fund." Many people interviewed on the wealth of new "New Century" told reporters.
China Global Fund Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM) President, International Cooperation Division Ministry of Health, June 1 Ren Minghui told Xinhua that China and the Global Fund for the "social organizations" are not the same understanding of the concept, the Chinese side that the social organization including associations, societies, people's organizations, community organizations and infected tissue, while the Global Fund that include community organizations, social organizations and the only infected tissue. The two sides communicate on this issue many times, has been involved in the project of social organizations have basically reached a consensus.
"China's Global Fund Country Coordinating Committee has made a commitment in 2011 to 25% of the budget for community-based organizations." UNAIDS Mark told financial new "New Century" told reporters, "The Chinese government has expressed a stronger commitment. "
Deng Guosheng pointed out that the Global Fund to enter China, gave birth to a large number of grassroots organizations, in particular AIDS prevention NGO, most of them not registered. Statistics show that the field of AIDS prevention NGO in China has reached more than 500 or even thousands. But this process of great development of grass-roots organizations are also associated with many deep cracks.
"The government and grassroots organizations is fragmented." Countries, in China Global Fund AIDS Coordination Committee as the representative of the new fiscal Thomas on the "New Century," told reporters, "Although the Government has been saying that we should and grass-roots organizations, but Such cooperation is often symbolic in nature, lack of communication between the two mechanisms of cooperation. "
Demands of different parties. "The government should support the national grass-roots organizations that work to help control AIDS; but the grassroots organization that is specified in the Global Fund money to the grass-roots organizations, they should get the money." Thomas said, the result is that "if someone can not get the money, it will be blamed on the government. "
Which is rich in strong view, the emergence of such cracks is still insufficient attention on the Government.
Strong is the rich that the "government must now show its sincerity, and grassroots organizations communicate effectively, not just the co-operation on the lip." Before retiring in 2009, the strong identity of being rich is the International Cooperation Center for Disease Control and Prevention Director, also serves as the central executive body in China Global Fund Executive Director.
In his view, for the disease, especially AIDS prevention and control, the role of grassroots organizations can not be replaced. "In addition to treatment, AIDS prevention and control of the important tasks is to block the source of infection. This need to find the infection. But in China, in addition to selling blood infection, most infections are marginalized groups, including homosexuals, sex workers, drug users and so on. Many of them engaged in illegal employment, the Government can not close them, and can only rely on grass-roots organizations, but also that these people themselves. "
Another grass-roots organizations is that rights can not be replaced. Professor Li Dun Academy of Social Sciences pointed out that many of the early AIDS infected blood transfusions, their interests can not be guaranteed only through grassroots organizations.
Michael said that China's current social conflicts has become increasingly prominent, "the face of market problems caused by the need to allow people to organize self-help, or they will choose to act in the way of extreme confrontation with reality."
Both sides of a coin
In 2010, the government and grassroots organizations have had some joy even when cooperation. "I had started a good start, and later retrogression." Jia-ping said.
Strong is the rich that, in part because after 2010, the Global Fund's management changes in China, "the past, grassroots organizations to apply for funding through the central executive agencies, but now, through local implementing agencies to apply. Grassroots organizations around the understanding of uneven, some local governments tried to suppress grassroots organizations, sparking a rebound. "
AIDS NGOs in China Joint Secretariat of the National Leader, Team Leader, Zhejiang love Long Wang pointed out that the CDC staff in some places, so that their relatives apply for funding for grassroots organizations fabrication; also some places, the grass-roots organization that funds to by Public Security Bureau, Finance Bureau and other government agencies misappropriated.
The other side of reality, the cracks are grass-roots organization intensified. "Global Fund to emerge all of a sudden thousands of grass-roots, but a few are really doing things?" Thomas said that the current anti-AIDS grassroots organizations exist in the tendency of an industry, "we like to do business, the most concerned about is able to apply for funding, rather than the net effect of public health. "
Long-term observation of anti-Ai Li Dun grassroots organizations, pointed out that the spontaneous formation of early grass-roots organization, and its main purpose is mutual Baotuan heating, although much the government to suppress, but the color is very strong self-help, such as some male gay organizations is the case. Later, when more and more aid money into China, the government "semi-recognition" of its legitimacy, these organizations began to contradictions.
"Foreign shouting democracy and human rights; internal authoritarian, dictatorial leader of a lot of grass-roots organizations." Li Dun said, "civil society, the same lack of civil society."
Lee Dun It seems difficult for the healthy growth of civil society in China, not only is the government's problem, but also society itself is a problem. "China's reform and opening up 30 years, but the system does not change the basic social mechanism for the exercise of power and governance structure has not changed, the formation of a strong power, the weak market, no social structure. These are the root of the problem."
However, being rich in strong, these are the problems in the development process. He stressed that a more open mind to look at grass-roots organization, is the first step to solve the problem.
At present, that he is most concerned that many of the capacity of grassroots organizations, "also remain in the original state." In his view, as in the future more funds will be allocated to grass-roots organizations, the Government, how to help improve the capacity of grassroots organizations, to supervise the work of their projects, and grassroots organizations more effective communication and coordination, is also a big challenge for the government had "not made for this area."
"The government must strengthen and grassroots organizations to communicate, exchange, otherwise it will cause more controversy." Strong positive Fu said.
