状语从句常考易错点例析


状语从句常考易错点例析

  状语从句既是高中英语教学的重要语法项目,也是高考的常考点。本文就其常考类型及难点进行分析。

  一、 常考易错点

  例1 We are going to discuss the way of reading works _____ it is used for real life purposes, and this should give you a better understanding of it.

  A. that B. which C. where D. when

  解析 本题考查对句子结构、逻辑关系的理解及引导词的运用。根据句子结构,“reading works _____ it is used for real life purposes”作定语修饰前面的the way;由“reading works”与“it is used for real life purposes”的逻辑关系可知空后面的句子为状语从句,从而排除A、B项;根据句意“我们将要讨论当用于实际生活的目的时,阅读作品的方法”,从而可以确定正确答案为D项。

  【知识拓展】

  (1) 在时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,状语从句的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。如:

  There will be more visitors coming to London in 2012 by the time all the projects have been completed.

  (2) 当when作“突然,恰好在那个时候”解时,可与all of a sudden连用。如:

  Many people were sound asleep when all of a sudden a heavy rain caused a terrible mud-rock flow and destroyed most of the city of Zhouqu on August 8, 2010.

  另外,其常用句型有:

  ...be about to do sth. when...或... be on the point of doing sth. when ...。

  例2 Russia became the focus in the world _____ the big fire broke out. Which choice is wrong?

  A. quickly B. immediately

  C. instantly D. directly

  解析 本题考查副词作从属连词的用法。B、C、D三个选项均可用作连词,意为“一……就……”,而A项中的quickly则无此用法,故选A。

  【知识拓展】

  英语中表达“一……就……”意思的可分四类:

  (1) 副词immediately, instantly, directly

  (2) 名词词组 the moment,the minute,the instant

  (3) 连词 as soon as

  (4) 固定搭配hardly / scarcely...when...,no sooner...than...

  注意 该搭配要注意三个方面:① 搭配 ② 时态:主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时 ③ 倒装:主句句型为半倒装,即: hardly had sb. done...when..., 同样用法有no sooner had sb. done ... than...。

  例3 A person residing elsewhere finally returns _____ he used to live.

  A. even if B. which

  C. where D. so that

  解析 本题主要考查从属连词的用法。A项意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句;B项为关系代词,分析句子结构可知,从句已有主语且谓语为不及物动词,不需关系代词;D项引导目的状语从句,不合题意;根据句意“叶落归根”,可知C项正确。

  【知识拓展】

  where引导的状语从句,定语从句以及名词性从句的区别:

  We shall go to the place where working conditionsare tough. (定语从句)

  Put the book where it was after you read it. (状语从句)

  Can you tell me where he got the magazine?(宾语从句)

  当where从句前有表示地点或场合的名词充当先行词且where引导的从句修饰该名词时,即为定语从句;若没有表示地点的名词时,如果where从句在句中作状语,则为状语从句;若作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,则为名词性从句。

  例4_____ terrorism stamped out, the world would be more peaceful.

  A. If B. Had C. Is D. Were

  解析 本题主要考查if引导的条件状语从句的语气问题。根据句意:如果恐怖主义被根除,世界将会更加和平,可知若选A项,从句缺少一个be动词;B项的语态是主动的,根据句意应为被动语态;C项为一般现在时,当if从句是一般现在时且为陈述语气,从句不采用倒装句式,故选D项。

  【知识拓展】

  (1) 当if从句为虚拟语气时,注意对虚拟、简化和倒装三位一体的考查,即去连词if,把从句中的had(与过去相反)或were或should提到句首。如:

  Had you followed your parents’ advice, you wouldn’t suffer now.

  (2) 英语中的一些表示“假如”的分词加that从句也相当于条件状语从句,常用的有:provided, providing, given和supposing。如:

  Given that the voters approve the funds, we’ll have a new port.

  例5 Chinese economy has been developing quickly, _____ lots of difficulties lie on the way.

  A. wherever B. whenever

  C. even if D. as if

  解析 本题主要考查从属连词的用法。句意为:尽管重重困难阻碍前进,但中国的经济一直在快速发展。C项表示“即使,尽管”。A项表示“无论在哪里”,B项表示“无论在什么时候”,D项表示“好像,似乎”,这三项都不符合句意,故选C项。

  【知识拓展】

  让步状语从句的常考点有以下三类:

  (1) 疑问词+ever

  这类从属连词有:whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever等,相当于no matter+what/who/which/when/where,它们在句中只作一个成分。如:

  Wherever you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.

注意 ① what ever只是what的强调式,意为“究竟什么”,其他类同。如:

  What ever did he do to make you so angry?他究竟做了什么会让你那么生气?

  ② whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever在句中用作兼语词时,作两个成分,引导的是名词性从句,这时whatever=anything that, whoever=anyone who, whomever=anyone whom。如:

  The charities will aid whoever is needy.

  (2) 适用于陈述语序的从属连词

  while(只用于句首), although, when等引导让步状语从句时,只用于陈述语序。如:

  While America will draw off from Iraq, the bad effect it had can’t disappear instantly.

  when=although,表示“尽管;本可以……却……”,但置于主句后。如:

  The farmers donated the money earned from selling watermelons to the disaster area when they were not rich.

  (3) 适用于倒装语序的从属连词

  这类从属连词有:however;as=though。

  however常用句型有两种:

  ① However + adj./adv.+主语+谓语,主句

  ② 主句, however + adj./adv.+主语+谓语

  as常用的倒装结构有三种:

  ① adj./adv.+as+主语+谓语,主句

  ② 不带冠词的单数名词+as+主语+谓语,主句

  ③ 谓语+as+主语+情态动词(表允许),主句。如:

  However nervous Martin was,he succeeded in the interview eventually.

  Try as she might, Carolina wouldn’t get the door open.

  Child as/though he was, he knew what was right to do.

  二、 状语从句的简化

  1.当主从复合句的主语一致时,状语从句通常可简化为非谓语动词作状语,简化的步骤是:① 去连词(或保留)② 去主语 ③ 从句谓语动词改为v-ing形式,若简化为being则省略。如:

  Though (he was) tired, Jasic kept on working.

  2. 当主从复合句的主语不一致时,状语从句通常可简化为独立主格作状语,简化的步骤是:① 去连词 ② 主语保留 ③ 从句谓语动词改为v-ing,若简化为being则省略。如:

  Since the road was blocked, we had to spend the night in the car.

  → The road blocked, we had to spend the night in the car.

  注意 ① 当从句主语是人称代词或it(指代具体意义)或there be句型,简化时being不省略。如:

  If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go outing.

  →It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go outing.

  ② 当从句时态是一般现在时或现在完成时表达了一般将来时时,从句谓语动词改为不定式。如:

  If your brother has time tomorrow, we can ask him for help.

  →Your brother to have time tomorrow, we can ask him for help.

  3. 当状语从句句型为it is/was+adj.,并且it无具体意义时,通常省略it is/was。如if possible, when necessary等。

  4. 状语从句简化使用代词或副词的情况有:if any(如果有一些),if so(假如这样),if not(如果不)等。

  【自我检测】

  1. _______ instant food brings people much convenience, it also does damage topeople’s health.

  A. When B. However

  C. As if D. While

  2. _______ the crew got off the plane _______ the plane landed the other day in America.

  A. Hardly did; when

  B. Hardly had; than

  C. No sooner had; when

  D. Scarcely had; when

  3. _______ , some local governments set limits to the workers’ working time in the open air.

  A. It is too hot B. Because it being too hot

  C. It being too hot D. It too hot

  4. _______tense the situation was, the leaders of the two countries in South America kept calm.

  A. Though B. However

  C. As D. While

  5. One can’t do_______he wants to do in a harmonious society.

  A. whatever B. however

  C. wherever D. what ever