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第64届世界卫生大会闭幕
2011年05月25日 18:00 来源：国际在线
国际在线消息（驻瑞士记者 段秀杰）：第64届世界卫生大会24号晚在瑞士日内瓦落下了帷幕。作为联合国旗下负责全球卫生事务的专门机构，每年的世卫大会制定的政策都与每个百姓的生活息息相关。今年的世卫大会关注了哪些主要问题，取得了什么样的成果呢？下面本网连线了中国国际广播电台驻瑞士记者段秀杰。
记者： 大会通过了指导世界卫生组织今后工作和应对世界卫生领域主要问题的28项决议和3项决定。可谓成果颇丰，在这些决议和决定中，有两个成果最为引人注目。
一是关于流感疫苗样本分享的决议。我们知道，大流感是人类健康最主要的威胁之一，世卫组织一直致力于通过健全有效的疫苗预防体系来应对大流感的危险。但在过去多次流感发生期间，关于用于疫苗研发的流感病毒样本的取得问题上都存在严重争议。发展中国家抱怨免费提供了流感样本给制药业巨头，药厂在生产出疫苗后高价出售，提供样本者反而买不起疫苗来对付本国的疫情。在世卫组织的牵头和协调下，经过十多年的磋商谈判，这一问题终于得到了比较圆满的解决。根据此次大会达成的协议，世卫组织收到疫情发生地提供的流感病毒后，会立即分发到分布在世界不同地方的6个病毒中心分析。根据分析结果，制药厂立即生产疫苗，生产出的一部分疫苗将免费提供给世卫组织，再由世卫组织向有需要的发展中国家发放。
第二个成果是制定了防控艾滋病的新一个五年规划。这个规划涵盖的时间段是2011至2015年，而2015年正是联合国千年发展目标的预定实现日期。根据联合国艾滋病规划署的统计，目前全球有3.33亿艾滋病患者，其中三分之二生活在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区。新制定的五年规划要求各国在艾滋病防治上方面降低死亡率和减少母婴传染为重点，并确定了新的具体的目标：将15岁至24岁青年的感染率降低一半，将婴儿感染率减少90%，将艾滋病患者的死亡率减少四分之一。
主持人：除了这两个主要成果，在这次会议期间，各国还关注了哪些公共卫生领域的焦点问题？
记者：本届大会的焦点问题不少，我想主要谈谈其中的两个。第一是对世卫组织两年前应对甲型H1N1流感疫情的评估结果。2009年席卷全球的甲型H1N1流感让世卫组织绷紧了神经，在疫情发生的两个多月后将疫情的警告级别提高到最高级，并要求各国立即研发疫苗进行广泛接种预防疫情扩散。世卫组织的这些决定后来受到一些质疑，以欧洲议会为代表的声音认为世卫组织对疫情反应过度，疫苗的大量使用不仅让制药企业足足赚了一把，还造成了一定的浪费。更有极端的言论认为这场疫情本身就是一场阴谋，世卫组织的决策层被不良制药商利用，为其谋利，甚至是世卫专家与制药巨头串通一气共同发财。这些言论让世卫组织承受巨大的压力，由专家组进行了为期一年多的评估报告被提交到本次世卫大会上讨论。评估报告认为世卫组织对甲流疫情的处理基本得当，不存在为制药企业非法谋利的问题，但同时也提出了十多条建议，要求在今后工作中加以改进。这个评估结论被世卫成果广泛接受，欧盟代表也承认专家的报告证明了一些猜测没有依据。
第二个焦点是关于最后的天花病毒样本的去留问题。世卫大会期间，这个问题的讨论被媒体形容是“暴风雨般”的争论，可见分歧之大。我们知道，联合国在32年前就已经宣布天花病毒在全球范围被消灭。但作为科研用途，在美国和俄罗斯的实验室里仍保留了天花样本。1996年，世卫组织开始了销毁实验室天花病毒样本的讨论。美国和俄罗斯始终反对彻底销毁，认为其依然具有科研价值，而绝大部分国家则认为彻底销毁，其理由是这些病毒的存放安全性，担心其有可能被恐怖组织窃取发动生化武器战。有的国家还对美俄保留天花的意图产生了怀疑，认为两国将其作为独有的战略资源另做他用。由于分歧未能弥全，世卫大会做出了折中的决定，将美俄提出的五年后再讨论的议案，改为三年后再讨论这些最后的天花病毒的命运。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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The 64th World Health Assembly concludes
At 18:00 on May 25, 2011 Source: International Online
International online news (in the Swiss press section Xiu-jie): The 64th World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland 24 night came to a close. Its responsibility as a United Nations specialized agencies, global health matters, the annual WHA policies are closely related to each people's lives. This year's WHA What are the main issues concerned, what kind of results have made it? Here the connection of this site in Switzerland, China Radio International news section Xiu-jie.
Reporter: The General Assembly adopted the World Health Organization guide future work and response to major world health problem of the 28 resolutions and three decisions. Can be described as very fruitful, in these resolutions and decisions, there are two most striking results.
First, to share samples of influenza vaccine on the resolution. We know that pandemic influenza is the most important threats to human health, WHO has been committed through sound and effective vaccine to prevent system to deal with the risk of a pandemic. However, during the past several influenza outbreaks, research and development on vaccines for influenza virus samples obtained there are serious disputes on the issue. Developing countries complained about the flu samples provided free of charge to the pharmaceutical giants, pharmaceutical companies in the production of the vaccine at a higher price, but who can not afford to provide samples of the vaccine to deal with their disease. WHO coordinated the lead and, after ten years of negotiation talks, the problem was a relatively satisfactory solution. According to the agreement reached by the Assembly, the WHO received delivery of the influenza outbreak of the virus, it will immediately be distributed to different parts of the world distribution of six viruses CENTER. Based on the results, pharmaceutical production of vaccine immediately to produce part of the vaccine will be provided to the WHO, and then by the WHO to grant developing countries in need.
The second outcome was the development of AIDS prevention and control of a new five-year plan. The plan covers the time period is 2011 to 2015, and 2015, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to achieve the target date. According to UNAIDS statistics, at present there are 333 million people living with AIDS worldwide, of which two thirds live in sub-Saharan Africa. Requirements of the new five-year plan developed countries in terms of AIDS on mortality and the reduction of mother to child transmission as the focus, and to identify new specific target: the 15-year-old to 24-year-old youth infection rate reduced by half, the infant infection rate reduced by 90%, the mortality rate will be reduced by a quarter of AIDS patients.
Moderator: In addition to these two major achievements in this meeting, the States is also concerned about what the focus of public health?
Reporter: The focus of this session a lot, I would like to talk about the two of them major. The first is the WHO Influenza H1N1 influenza outbreak two years ago, should the evaluation results. 2009 Influenza A H1N1 influenza swept the world to WHO taut the nerves, more than two months after the outbreak of the epidemic warning level raised to highest level, and requires States to immediately develop a vaccine to prevent spread of the epidemic extensive vaccination. WHO questioned by some of these decisions was to the European Parliament as the representative voice of that response over the outbreak of WHO, the vaccine uses a large number of pharmaceutical companies not only make a handful of full, also caused a certain amount of waste. More extreme arguments that this epidemic is in itself a conspiracy, the WHO's decision-making by unscrupulous drug manufacturers use for their profit, and even the WHO experts jointly with pharmaceutical giant fortune complicit. These remarks to the WHO under enormous pressure, from the expert group conducted a two-year evaluation report was submitted to the WHO Assembly in this discussion. WHO evaluation report that a flow of basic proper handling of the epidemic, there is no profit for pharmaceutical companies to the problem of illegal, but also made a dozen recommendations, required to be improved in future work. Conclusion The results of this assessment is widely accepted by the WHO, the EU acknowledged expert report on behalf of some speculation proved unfounded.
The second focus is on the final fate of the smallpox virus samples problem. WHO General Assembly during the discussion of the issue by the media described as "stormy" debate, we can see large differences. We know that the United Nations 32 years ago, has announced the smallpox virus be destroyed on a global scale. However, as research purposes in the United States and Russia still retains a smallpox laboratory samples. In 1996, WHO started the destruction of smallpox virus samples laboratory discussion. United States and Russia remained opposed completely destroyed, that its still has research value, and most of the countries that completely destroyed the ground that these viruses storage security, worry about the theft might be a terrorist organization to launch chemical and biological warfare. Other countries have the intention of the United States and Russia to retain smallpox had doubts that the two countries as a unique strategic resource for other critical purposes. All differences not as indemnity, WHO made a compromise decision to the General Assembly will discuss the United States and Russia after five years made the motion to discuss the final three years later the fate of smallpox virus.
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