本报讯 艾滋病的全称是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），它在人群中由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起，而在猴子当中由猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）引起。据英国《新科学家》网站5月11日报道，科学家研制出了一种新疫苗，能让猴子对抗SIV感染、远离艾滋病，这项最新进展或有助于人用艾滋病疫苗的研制。
俄勒冈健康科学大学疫苗暨基因治疗研究中心科学家在《自然》杂志网络版上报告称，他们将最新的SIV疫苗，注射入俄勒冈国家灵长类动物研究中心内的恒河猴体内，然后再让它们感染SIV病毒，结果发现，接受了疫苗注射的24只恒河猴中，13只猴子体内的SIV病毒很快就被完全抑制，检测不到病毒活动的迹象。12只猴子在一年后仍然对SIV病毒具有抵抗力，该疫苗表现出长期持续的效果。
参与该项研究的国际艾滋病疫苗研究项目科学主管韦恩·科夫表示，这是艾滋病研究领域的重大进展。
这种新疫苗利用一种巨细胞病毒来研发的，研究人员将SIV基因包裹进一个活着的猕猴巨细胞病毒（RhCMV）载体中，接着将其皮下注射入猴子体内。而传统疫苗将SIV基因递送入无害的腺病毒载体中。研究人员对新疫苗和传统疫苗的效果进行比较后发现，24只猴子中有12只猴子在感染一年后体内已完全没有SIV的“踪迹”。而所有接受了传统腺病毒疫苗的猴子刚开始能产生抗体，随后疫苗不会再起作用。
科学家解释道，注射了猕猴巨细胞病毒疫苗的猴子会产生一种特定的免疫细胞——效应型记忆T细胞，这些细胞会发展出识别并攻击SIV病毒的能力。这种T细胞还具有记忆能力，即使在艾滋病病毒被消灭干净后，也仍能保持相关的抗病毒能力，使得一些猴子的免疫系统在感染一年后仍对SIV病毒有抵抗力。
英国帝国理工学院的免疫学家罗宾·沙托克表示，这或许表明，人体的免疫系统能控制HIV。然而，科学家还需要解释一个问题，那就是为何接受了新疫苗的猴子中，只有一半猴子的反应非常明显，而另一半猴子则没有任何反应。
迄今为止，已有三种艾滋病疫苗进行过人体试验，这三种疫苗都没有显示出像RhCMV疫苗控制SIV的这种能力，其中一个疫苗是美国与泰国合作完成的RV144艾滋疫苗，经16400例历经3年的临床试验证明，该疫苗可降低31%的感染风险。（刘霞）
(科技日报)。（作者为人民网舆情监测室舆情分析师）
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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"Monkey version of" new progress in AIDS vaccine development
Facilitate the development of AIDS vaccine for human use
Published: 2011-05-14 | On: Liu Xia
http://www.stdaily.com 2011 年 05 月 14 日 Source: Journal of Science and Technology: Liu Xia
WASHINGTON AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), it is in the crowd by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes, which in the monkey by the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cause. According to "New Scientist" Web site on May 11 reported that scientists have developed a new vaccine that allows monkeys against SIV infection, stay away from AIDS, the latest developments, or help people with AIDS vaccine.
Oregon Health & Science University Vaccine Research Center, cum scientists in gene therapy "Nature" magazine online edition of the report, they will be the latest SIV vaccines, injection Ruelegang National Primate Research Center rhesus monkeys in vivo, and then let them SIV infection of the virus and found that 24 received vaccine in rhesus monkeys, 13 monkeys in vivo SIV virus was quickly suppressed, detected signs of virus activity. 12 monkeys on the SIV virus after one year is still resistant to the vaccine showed long-lasting effect.
Involved in the study of the international AIDS vaccine research, said scientific director of Wayne Cove, this is significant progress in the field of AIDS research.
The new vaccine using a CMV to R & D, researchers will SIV gene package into a living monkey cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vector, and then be injected into the monkeys. The traditional vaccine will SIV gene delivery into harmless adenovirus vector. The researchers of new vaccines and to compare the effects of traditional vaccines and found that 24 monkeys, 12 monkeys one year after infection, SIV in vivo is not a "trace." All accepted the traditional monkey adenovirus vaccine to produce antibodies first, followed by the vaccine will not work.
Scientists explained that monkeys injected with a monkey CMV vaccine will produce a specific immune cells - effect type of memory T cells, these cells recognize and attack the development of the SIV virus. The T cells also have the memory capacity, even in the AIDS virus has been wiped out, too, can maintain the relevant anti-virus capabilities, make some monkeys immune system after a year of SIV infection are resistant to the virus.
Imperial College London, said immunologist 罗宾沙托克, which may indicate that the immune system can control HIV. However, scientists also need to explain a problem, and that is why the monkeys receiving the new vaccine, only half of the monkeys was very obvious, while the other half of the monkeys do not have any reaction.
To date, more than three human trials of AIDS vaccine, three vaccines are not shown as RhCMV SIV vaccine control this ability, one of the vaccine in the United States in collaboration with Thailand's RV144 HIV vaccine, the 16,400 cases after 3 years of clinical trials, the vaccine can reduce 31% of the risk of infection. (Liu Xia)
(Science and Technology Daily)
