南非科学家发现抗艾新型药能让女性保护自己免于被传染(图)


南非科学家发现抗艾新型药能让女性保护自己免于被传染(图)

 
 
 
 
 

南非科学家发现抗艾新型药能让女性保护自己免于被传染(图)

2010-08-27 04:23:00 来源: 《东南快报》 
南非科学家发现抗艾新型药能让女性保护自己免于被传染(图)
 
  从南非传来消息,当艾滋病疫苗似乎仍遥不可及之时,两项严谨的新研究已经找到了阻断艾滋病毒在女性中传播的新方法,而女性是撒哈拉以南非洲地区新近艾感人群的主体。

  这两项研究,一项旨在通过社会行为控制手法帮助女性,另一项则是通过生物科学方法帮助女性,共同阻断艾滋病毒的传染。

  研究新药

  抗艾新型阴道凝胶实验成功

  在一组为期两年半的研究中,科学家对南非艾滋病研究项目中心德班基地的889位女性进行了相关实验。实验组女性使用了一种含有泰诺福韦(一种应用于艾滋病治疗的抗逆转录病毒药物)成分的阴道凝胶,结果发现,她们感染艾滋病毒的概率要比那些没有使用的女性低39%,尤其对那些在每次性行为前后都坚持使用的女性,可使感染风险降低54%。

  实验结果有待进一步的检测确定,而且要让它真正与大众见面也还需要几年时间,但是如果它能被广泛地投入生产、使用,那支凝胶的花费就会降到至少25美分一下。换句话来说就是,它具有推广的价值,价格上也能让民众接受。

  哈佛医学专科学院教授、布鲁斯·沃克尔博士说,上个月在南非德班,当研究者们将他们的成果在小范围科学家当中发布时,欢呼随即爆发了出来。“第一次,女性有了一种工具、手段,可以保护自己免于被传染——它将改变游戏规则!”

  在刚开幕的维也纳第18届世界艾滋病大会上,这一发现也同样引起了轰动和关注,《科学》杂志随即对其进行了报道。

  “这真是太鼓舞人心了!”联合国艾滋病规划署执行主任米歇尔·西迪贝说:“它可以为女性所控制,并且可以提前12小时置入,女性不再需要询问男人是否可以使用,非常安全可行,而且凝胶造价也不高。”

  实际帮助

  现金补贴帮女性做出正确性选择

  而在马拉维(非洲国家),由世界银行资助的另一项艾滋病独立研究也取得了进展。研究者18日宣布,如果能让贫穷的女学生和他们的家庭每月得到小笔的现金补贴,这些女孩的性行为年龄会推迟,而且频率降低、伴侣减少。

  在这项研究开始后一年半,那些本人或家庭接受了项目现金补贴的女孩,感染艾滋病的风险要比那些家里没有得到补贴的女孩少了将近一半。当研究计划中的补贴增高时,这些女孩用性的方式去换取礼物、现金的可能性就会降低——也就是说,极端贫穷扮演了性选择者的角色。

  在马拉维的实验中,3800名年龄到13到22岁之间的女性,被随意地分成了两个对照组。其中一半的女性没有现金补贴,另一半的女性只要按时去上学就能每月得到1到5美元的补贴,她们的父母也能得到4至10美元不等的补贴。

  18个月后,获得补贴的女孩们中,艾滋病毒流行率为1.2%,没有获得的那部分则是3%。“这项计划促使那些女孩做出了更好的选择。”世界银行开发研究部高级经济师伯克·欧泽拉说。

  现金资助计划目前已经在非洲推广,但抗逆转录病毒凝胶项目则还要等待一些时间,期待这项研究的主导者、流行病学家卡里姆夫妇能尽快取得更大进展。

  展望未来

  世界卫生组织对两项实验寄予厚望
 

  “或许我们能将这两种行为上的、生物医学上的干预手段结合起来,”世界卫生组织艾滋病毒阻断研究科学家蒂姆·法利说,“这两条道路都值得我们尝试。”

  目前世界各国医疗保健经费渐趋紧张,每年新增的艾滋病毒感染者都超过接受治疗的人数,一些非洲国家和捐赠人的压力倍增,他们也不得不将目光聚焦到如何阻断传染上。例如,男性包皮环切术就是阻断男性艾滋病毒感染的有效手段之一,它被证明至少可以减低男性一半的感染风险。

  科学家们认为,这两项研究给非洲的女性们带去了希望,因为她们相对于她们的男性同伴有更高的艾滋病毒感染风险,而且她们所处的社会关系地位更不利于她们保护自己。

  本报记者 施焕军 (本文来源:东南快报 )
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  • South African scientists have discovered a new drug against Ai allow women to protect themselves from infection (Figure)
    2010-08-27 04:23:00 Source: "Southeast Express"
     
     

    News came from South Africa, when the AIDS vaccine still seems far away when the two rigorous new study has found a block of HIV transmission in women in the new method, while women in sub-Saharan Africa being among the newly Ai subject.

    These two studies, one way to help control social behavior by women, while the other is through biological methods to help women block the HIV co-infection.

    Of drugs

    New experimental vaginal gel anti-AI success

    In a period of two and a half of research, scientists in South Africa AIDS research center based in Durban, 889 women were related experiments. Women used a test group containing tenofovir (a treatment used in AIDS antiretroviral drugs) vaginal gel composition was found, their probability of HIV infection than women who do not use the low-39 %, particularly those who adhere to before and after each use sex female, 54% can reduce the risk of infection.

    The results of further testing to be sure, but it really should meet with the public also need a few years, but if it is widely put into production, use, it will drop the cost of supporting gel at least 25 cents a click . In other words, is that it has to promote the value, price also allows people to accept.

    Harvard professor of the Academy of Medicine, Dr. 布鲁斯沃克 said last month in Durban, South Africa, when the researchers put their results were published in a small area scientists, the cheers broke out. "The first time, women have a tool, means to protect themselves from infection - it will change the rules of the game!"

    Vienna has just opened the 18th World AIDS Conference, this discovery also caused a stir and concern, "Science" magazine carried a report on its immediately.

    "It was so inspiring it!" UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibe said: "It can be controlled by women, and can be placed 12 hours in advance, women no longer need to ask whether a man can use, is safe and feasible, and gel cost is not high. "

    Practical help

    Cash subsidies to help women make the correct choice

    In Malawi (Africa), funded by the World Bank, another independent study of AIDS has also made progress. Researchers announced on the 18th, if we make poor female students and their families receive small monthly cash subsidies to the age of these girls will delay sex, but also reduce the frequency of partner reduction.

    In the year and a half after the beginning of the study, those who own or the family received cash subsidy program for girls, the risk of HIV infection than those who did not receive subsidies at home less nearly half of the girls. When the research program of the subsidy increases, the way these girls use sex in exchange for gifts, cash will reduce the likelihood - that is, extreme poverty, who played the role of sexual selection.

    Experiment in Malawi, 3800, aged to 13 to 22 years old woman, were randomly divided into two control groups. Half of the women are not the cash subsidy, the other half go to school on time as long as women can be from 1 to 5 U.S. dollars per month subsidy, their parents will be from 4 to 10 U.S. dollars ranging from subsidies.

    18 months later, the girls receive subsidies, the HIV prevalence rate was 1.2%, did not get that part of it is 3%. "The plans to encourage the girls who made a better choice." Exploitation of the World Bank senior economist 伯克欧泽拉 said.

    Cash assistance schemes are now in Africa to promote, but the anti-retroviral gel items are still waiting for some time and look forward to the study leader, epidemiologist Karim couple more progress as soon as possible.

    Looking to the future

    World Health Organization have high hopes on the two experimental



    "Maybe we can both behavioral and biological medical interventions combined," the World Health Organization study on the interruption of HIV scientists Dimufali said, "these two roads are worth trying."

    Current health care funding for the world becoming tense, an annual increase of people living with HIV more than the number of people receiving treatment, some African countries and donor pressure doubled, they had to focus on the how to block infected. For example, male circumcision is to block HIV infection in men is one effective means, it is proved that at least half of the infection can reduce the risk of men.

    Scientists believe that these two studies to women in Africa have brought hope, because they are relative to their male companions have a higher risk of HIV infection, and their social relations in which status is more detrimental to them to protect themselves.

    Reporter Shihuan Jun (This article Source: Southeast Express)

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-8-27    文章录入:nnb ]