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发达国家艾滋病防治可控 发展中国家患者数量攀升
http://www.youth.cn 2010-07-30 08:28:00 中国青年网
正在维也纳举行的世界艾滋病大会，发布了艾滋病防治领域让人鼓舞的科研成果。但令人担忧的是，全球艾滋病防治的现状和前景并非乐观。
联合国艾滋病规划署在会议期间公布的数字，勾勒出全球艾滋病防治的“两个世界”：一个世界是发达国家，艾滋病已成为一种“可控疾病”，患者死亡率、母婴传染率都明显降低，大多数患者已能在药物的帮助下长期带病生活;而另一个世界是发展中国家特别是最不发达国家，艾滋病患者数量持续攀升，死亡率、青少年感染率和母婴传染率居高不下。
2008年，北美地区感染艾滋病的患者总数是140万，当年感染者是5.5万，患者死亡数是2.5万，成年人口感染率是0.4%。与之形成鲜明对比的是，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，艾滋病患者总数达2240万，当年感染者是190万，患者死亡数是140万，成年人口感染率超过5%。
“两个世界”的形成不难理解：发达国家拥有先进的医疗技术、完善的卫生体系，经济基础足以承担防治艾滋病的支出;而贫困国家不仅缺乏药物和进行治疗的卫生体系，脆弱的经济也难以承受艾滋病治疗的重负。就以疗效最显著的抗逆转录病毒药物为例，病人服用这类药物中最便宜的沙奎那韦，每年费用也需近3000美元，超出了多数发展中国家的人均国民收入。
在全球化的时代，人与人的联系交往空前密切，疾病蔓延没有国界，面对艾滋病，没有哪个国家能独善其身。艾滋病规划署的统计显示，原来艾滋病发病率较低的东欧和中亚地区，近年来发病率明显增高，这不啻于一个警钟。正因如此，发达国家对贫困国家在艾滋病防治领域的援助，不仅是道义和责任所在，也是利益所在。事实也已证明，发达国家的少量援助，对艾滋病蔓延的贫困国家能产生显著的效用。
令人忧虑的是，在国际金融危机的背景下，许多发达国家率先削减了对贫困国家治疗艾滋病的援助，造成全球抗击艾滋病的资金缺口，危及近年来的成果。联合国秘书长潘基文在艾滋病大会上表示，一些国家削减艾滋病防治支出是人们的主要担忧。南非大主教图图也在美国《纽约时报》上发表文章，对美国政府削减给非洲的抗艾滋病援助表示“悲哀”。
对贫困国家而言，如何改善抗击艾滋病的策略也值得深思。多年来，发达国家和大医药公司主导了艾滋病领域的研究，昂贵的专利药物似乎是唯一的应对办法，而这些药物的价格已早是贫困国家不可承受之重。如果根据各自的国情把重点转向预防、致力于消除艾滋病蔓延的社会土壤，可能起到事半功倍的效果。艾滋病大会期间，世界银行发表的有关在马拉维的一项研究的报告表明，每月给当地青少年女性少量现金补贴，就可以有效减少卖淫的人数，将青少年女性感染艾滋病的比例降低一半以上。
自30年前首次发现艾滋病侵袭人类以来，这一致命疾病已夺去了全球2500多万人的生命，迄今还没有根治这一疾病的药物或有效的预防疫苗。然而，只要人类能够共同应对，与疾病共存并不可怕。“两个世界”只会损害全人类共同应对艾滋病的努力，危及人类的生存和未来，每个国家都应致力于消除这一不合理的现状。
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Developed countries, the number of AIDS patients in developing countries increased control
http://www.youth.cn 2010-07-30 08:28:00 China Youth Net
Is the World AIDS Conference held in Vienna, announced the field of AIDS prevention and encouraging people to scientific research. But what is worrying is that the global AIDS status and outlook is not optimistic.
UNAIDS figures released during the meeting, outlined the global AIDS prevention and control of "two worlds": a world in developed countries, AIDS has become a "controllable disease," mortality, maternal infection rates were significantly reduced, most patients have Nengzaiyaowu sick a long time under the Bangzhu life; Er other world countries, particularly least developed countries, the number of AIDS patients rose Chi Xu, Siwang Shuai, Qing Shaonian infection and mother to child transmission Lv high.
In 2008, North America, the total number of AIDS patients is 1.4 million, then infected people is 5.5 million, the number of patient deaths was 2.5 million adult population infection rate is 0.4%. In sharp contrast, in sub-Saharan Africa, a total of 22.4 million AIDS patients, is 1.9 million infected that year, the number of patient deaths was 1.4 million, more than 5% infection rate of the adult population.
"Two Worlds" in the formation of difficult to understand: the developed countries with advanced medical technology, improve the health system, the economic base enough to carry the fight against AIDS spending; and poor countries not only lack of drugs and treatment of health systems, weak economy AIDS treatment unbearable burden. Take the most significant effect of antiretroviral drugs, for example, patients taking these drugs the most expensive saquinavir, also need an annual cost of nearly 3,000 U.S. dollars, exceeding the per capita income of most developing countries.
In the era of globalization, the unprecedented exchanges between people in close contact, spread of the disease knows no borders, the face of AIDS, no country can be spared. UNAIDS statistics show that the original low incidence of AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the incidence increased significantly in recent years, this was in an alarm. For this reason, the developed countries to poor countries in the field of AIDS prevention and assistance, not only moral and responsibility, and also the interest. Facts have proved that a small amount of assistance the developed countries, the spread of AIDS in poor countries can have a significant effect.
It is worrying that, in the context of the international financial crisis, many developed countries take the lead in reducing AIDS treatment for poor countries the aid, resulting in the global fight against AIDS funding gap, endangering the achievements of recent years. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said at the AIDS conference, AIDS spending cuts in some countries the main concern for people. Archbishop Tutu of South Africa is also the United States, "New York Times" published an article on the U.S. government cut aid to Africa to fight AIDS, said "sad."
Poor countries, a strategy to improve the fight against AIDS is also worth thinking about. Over the years, developed countries and big pharmaceutical companies dominate the field of AIDS research, expensive, patented drugs may be the only way to deal with, while the price of these drugs in poor countries as early as is Unbearable Weight. If in accordance with their national conditions should be focused on prevention, working to eliminate the spread of AIDS social soil, may play a multiplier effect. AIDS during the General Assembly, the World Bank issued the relevant to a study in Malawi's report shows that a small amount of monthly cash Butie local Qing Shaonian Nvxing, we can effectively Jianshao of prostitution, AIDS will be the proportion of young women Ganran half Jiangdi above.
Since AIDS was first found 30 years ago, to human beings since the deadly disease has killed more than 2,500 million lives worldwide, so far the disease has no cure or effective drug prevention vaccine. However, as long as mankind can jointly deal with the disease, coexistence is not terrible. "Two Worlds" will only undermine the efforts of mankind response to AIDS, threaten the survival of mankind and the future, each country should strive to eliminate this unreasonable situation.
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