艾滋病歧视 偏见源于无知
    2010-12-04 04:13:07　来源: 北京晨报(北京)　晨报记者 孔瑶瑶

图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

调查

“蚊虫叮咬能否传播艾滋病”问倒大学生
    艾滋病主要有三大传播途径，分别是性传播、血液传播和母婴传播。这类基本常识随着艾滋病知识的普及早已“深入人心”。但如果有人问“蚊虫叮咬是否也会传播艾滋病”？想必不少人会给出错误的答案。
    在“世界艾滋病日”当天，浙江嘉兴市疾控中心对527名大学生进行了一份有关艾滋病的问卷调查，内容涉及对艾滋病相关知识的了解、态度等。调查结果显示，对于“蚊虫叮咬、与艾滋病人共用牙刷或剃须刀是否传染艾滋病病毒”等问题，近半学生认识模糊，回答正确率偏低。关于“蚊虫叮咬能否传播艾滋病”，给出“不能”这一正确答案的只有34.9%。
    这份调查问卷反映出大学生对艾滋病没有足够的认识，比如64.6%的人不知道政府为艾滋病患者提供免费的抗病毒治疗，另有近两成的人错误地认为“一旦感染艾滋病一定会出现症状”。
    与此同时，这份问卷也反映出大学生的“恐艾”心理，48.6%的大学生回答，自己的朋友和同学很害怕艾滋病。22.1%的人认为应该“对艾滋病感染者进行强制隔离或公开其姓名，以减少与公众接触”。虽然有近六成的大学生表示“愿意和患艾滋病的亲朋好友交往并给予力所能及的帮助”，但也有39.3%的人选择了“给予帮助但尽量减少来往”，还有2.1%的大学生选择“与艾滋病感染者断绝一切往来。”

背景

艾滋病已由高危人群向普通人群渗透
    据卫生部提供的数据，截至2010年10月底，我国累计报告艾滋病患者及病毒感染者共37万余例，其中达到发病状态的13万余例，死亡6．8万余例。鉴于很多艾滋病患者及病毒感染者由于没有进行过检测，处于隐形状态，卫生部和联合国艾滋病规划署、世界卫生组织联合评估认为，截至2009年年底，我国存活的艾滋病患者及病毒感染者实际人数远高于这个数字，大约为74万人。
    卫生部通报指出，目前我国艾滋病疫情主要呈现三个特点：一是艾滋病疫情持续上升，但上升幅度有所减缓；二是性传播已成为艾滋病的主要传播途径，且男性同性性传播的上升速度十分明显；三是局部地区疫情严重。
    就北京市艾滋病疫情情况，北京市卫生局表示，近年来北京市报告的艾滋病病毒感染者和患者中，60岁以上的老年人及青年学生所占比例有所上升，艾滋病正由男性同性恋者、吸毒成瘾者、性工作者以及血友病患者等高危人群向普通人群转移。中国性学会常务理事曹兴午指出，性行为多样化是艾滋病蔓延的主要“推手”，而使用安全套、洁身自好和单一伴侣性生活是人们抵御艾滋病的重要手段。

扫盲

蚊虫叮咬是否会传播艾滋病?
       目前，尚无科学根据认为蚊子等昆虫可传播艾滋病。有人从蚊子胃内分离出艾滋病病毒（HIV），发现蚊子吸了艾滋病病人的血液后，HIV可在蚊胃中存活三四天。但专家认为，这并不能说明蚊子能传播艾滋病。有人担心蚊子嘴上残留的血液含有HIV会传染给人。但研究发现，蚊子嘴上残血量仅有0.0004毫升，按此计算，要叮咬2800次，残血量中才能携带足够量的HIV引起传染，而蚊子在吸一次血后至少4天不再叮咬吸血。目前认为，蚊子只是HIV的暂时携带者，还不能证明它们能够传播HIV。

接吻是否会传播艾滋病？

    礼节性接吻不会传播艾滋病。虽然唾液中存在艾滋病病毒，但仅仅是微量，不足以达到传染的程度。但如果是深吻，感染病毒的一方患有牙龈炎或口腔溃疡，病毒就会随体液进入对方口腔，如恰逢对方口腔黏膜也有破损，便可引起病毒传播。

咳嗽或打喷嚏会传染艾滋病吗？

    不会。唾液中含有少量艾滋病病毒,即使飞沫溅到他人口内甚至进入胃里也不会传染,胃酸会杀死艾滋病病毒，也不必担心通过麦克风或电话话筒传染。

共用牙刷和剃须刀会传染吗?

        会。艾滋病病毒的传染途径之一是血液,沾上血液的牙刷或剃须刀都不要共用。
AIDS discrimination stems from ignorance, prejudice
    2010-12-04 04:13:07 Source: Beijing Morning Post (Beijing) Morning News reporter Kong Yaoyao
    This week, 23 the coming of World AIDS Day concern. This year's "World AIDS Day" slogan is "Universal Access and Human Rights", for AIDS, the consensus around the world from the simple "fear of AIDS" from a "Ai" change. However, recently, Anhui university students were found to be due to Xiao Wu "HIV carriers" and kept out of schools by candidates. To fight for the rights, Xiao Wu, the local Department of Education to court, eventually losing end, this case is therefore called the country "first case of HIV discrimination in employment."
    Prejudice often stems from ignorance. Although the number of AIDS Day will be spread knowledge about AIDS, but "STD", "heart disease" and other concepts are still deeply rooted, in this case, the exclusion of people with AIDS than in their own living area, will they and the community "isolation "naturally become healthy" Self "is the safest most secure manner. Only a real understanding of AIDS, people can reason, tolerance, equality, along with AIDS patients.

Survey

"Can mosquito bites spread of AIDS," asked the students down
    There are three major routes of transmission of AIDS were sexually transmitted, blood-borne, and mother to child transmission. With such basic knowledge of the popularization of knowledge of AIDS have been "deeply rooted." But if someone asked "whether the mosquito bites can also transmit HIV?" Lot of people will surely give the wrong answer.
    In the "World AIDS Day", Jiaxing City, CDC conducted on 527 students a questionnaire about AIDS, involving the understanding of AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and so on. Survey, the "mosquito bites, and sharing toothbrushes or razors AIDS are infected with HIV" and other issues, nearly half of the students to understand the vague, the low rate of correct answers. On the "mosquito bites can spread AIDS", giving "not" the right answer only 34.9%.
    The survey reflects the university students do not have enough knowledge about AIDS, such as 64.6% of people do not know the Government to provide free AIDS antiretroviral treatment, and another Jinliang Cheng people mistakenly believe that "once the symptoms of HIV infection will occur . "
    At the same time, this questionnaire also reflects the College's "fear of AIDS," Psychology and 48.6% of the students answered, their friends and classmates are afraid of AIDS. 22.1% of people think that should "be forced isolation of AIDS or HIV to disclose their names, to reduce public contact." Although there are nearly 六成 the students said, "willing to contact relatives and friends suffering from AIDS and to give whatever help", but 39.3% of people chose "to give help but try to reduce the travel", and 2.1% of the students selected " and cut off all contacts with HIV. "

Background

AIDS by the penetration of high-risk groups to the general population
    According to data provided by the Ministry of Health, as of the end of October 2010, the cumulative reported AIDS cases and 37 million HIV cases, of which the state reaches 13 million cases of disease, death of 6.8 million cases. Given that many AIDS patients and HIV testing not conducted because, in the invisible condition, the Ministry of Health and UNAIDS, the joint assessment that the World Health Organization, as of the end of 2009, the survival of AIDS patients in China and the actual number of HIV far higher than this figure, about 74 million people.
    Ministry of Health pointed out that China's AIDS epidemic is mainly characterized by three characteristics: First, the AIDS epidemic continues to rise, but the rate of increase has slowed down; Second, sexual transmission has become the main mode of transmission of AIDS, and male homosexual transmission speed is increased obvious; third is a serious epidemic in some areas.
    To the AIDS epidemic situation in Beijing, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau said that Beijing reported in recent years, HIV infected persons and patients over the age of 60 and increased the proportion of young students, AIDS is being used by male homosexuals, drug addicts, sex workers and patients with hemophilia and other high-risk groups to the general population transfer. Executive director of the Institute of Chinese CAO Xing afternoon that sexual diversity is primarily the spread of AIDS, "Pushing Hands", and the use of condoms, abstinence, and a single sexual partner is an important means for people to combat AIDS.

Literacy

Will the spread of AIDS mosquito bites?
       Currently, there is no scientific basis to believe that mosquitoes and other insects can transmit AIDS. Was isolated from the mosquito stomach AIDS virus (HIV), found that mosquitoes suck the blood of patients after AIDS, HIV can survive three or four days in the mosquito stomach. But experts say this does not mean that mosquitoes can spread AIDS. Some people worry that the mosquito's blood contains HIV residual mouth will be transmitted to humans. However, the study found that mosquitoes only 0.0004 ml blood residue mouth, the figure 2,800 to bite the residual blood in order to bring sufficient amount of HIV caused by infection, while a mosquito suck blood at least 4 days after the bite is no longer blood. Now that the mosquito is only temporary HIV carriers, but can not prove that they can spread HIV.

Does kissing the spread of AIDS?

    Courtesy kissing does not spread AIDS. Although the existence of HIV in saliva, but only a trace, not enough to achieve the degree of infection. But if it is deep kissing, one infected with gingivitis or mouth ulcers, the virus will enter the other side with the body fluids of the mouth, such as the oral mucosa also coincides with the other damaged, could cause transmission of the virus.

Coughing or sneezing contagious AIDS?

    Not. Contains a small amount of HIV in saliva, even splashing on him and even within the population will not be transmitted into the stomach, stomach acid would kill the AIDS virus do not have to worry about transmission through a microphone or telephone handset.

Sharing toothbrushes and razors contagious?

        Association. Mode of transmission of HIV in blood, blood stained Do not share toothbrushes or razors.

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