形象点说，有时候你很清晰地知道，存有HIV病毒的唾液飞沫已经飞到你的嘴唇上。”33岁的陈长卫淡定地说。

昨日是第23个“世界艾滋病日”，每年只有这一天，公众和媒体才有可能将更多的目光投向艾滋病。但福建省监狱管理局中心医院的医护人员和管教民警们，一年却有365天要和艾滋病这个病毒之王近距离接触。

福建省监狱管理局中心医院里有两类具有双重身份的人：一类既是警察又是医生，另一类既是艾滋病患者又是服刑人员。他们之间每天生活工作的交集，让人感到既危险重重又举重若轻。

“给艾滋病人做什么手术？”

HIV病毒可怕程度被放大了

福建省内目前公开的四例艾感服刑人员的手术，44岁的护士长徐俐都参与了。回想起2007年3月22日，因肠破裂，艾感患者吴某某做的那台手术，徐俐激动得一句话里冒出三个怕字：“怕！非常怕！真的很害怕！”

那是第一台给艾感服刑人员做的手术，没有任何经验。徐俐冲当时的外科主任韩铁林嚷嚷：“给艾滋病人做什么手术？能不做就不要做嘛！”

“不做他会死的！”韩铁林很平静地说这么一句。

这个患者，听说刚开始是送到当地医院的，但那家医院院长很强硬地顶了回去，说即使不让当院长，也坚决不做这台手术，后来这个院长不但没被撤职而且还更受医护人员拥护。

“手术一划开皮，在我们眼里看到流出来的不是血，是数量惊人的HIV病毒。”徐俐说，做手术时，医生护士的手被手术刀和针弄破是常有的事，但这样的手术，是千万不敢出现上述情况。

因为是高风险的手术，主刀医生由外科主任亲自担任，护士用排除法，将没结过婚的，还没生孩子的，生了孩子还在哺乳期或者孩子还小全部排除，最后就剩下徐俐了。和其他手术的区别就是术前医护人员要仔细检查自己手上有没有创口，并带上防护眼镜，因为艾感患者的血液如果溅到你的眼睛里，是会被感染的。

尽管每次手术时徐俐给医生每递过去一把器械，都会说“主任慢点”，但在做第三例艾感患者手术时，还是出事了，当时外科谢副主任手术时手指被割破了。

HIV病毒可怕程度被放大了

接触这么多年艾感患者，福建省监狱管理局中心医院感染科医生黄凡认为艾滋病是可以控制的，只要坚持规范治疗，许多病人的免疫力可渐渐恢复并维持在正常水平，这与某些不可逆转的疾病对比，好得多了。

“其实艾滋病的可怕程度，是社会放大的结果。”黄凡举了个真实的例子，某传染病医院，一个年轻的女护士给艾感患者扎针时扎破自己手后，当场情绪失控。“其实，就这家医院给艾感患者治疗时，医护人员二级以上职业暴露有多次，其中还有人不止一次地扎破过手，但因处置及时规范无一人感染上艾滋病，包括我们医院给艾感患者做手术弄破手的谢副主任，也已被确认没有感染上。”

黄凡说，“这些扎破医护人员手的沾染艾感患者体液或者血液的医疗器械肯定是带有HIV病毒的，但并不是说弄破你的皮肤，你就会一定感染上，是否感染要看单位时间内是否有足够量的病毒进入你的体内，人的自身免疫力是可以杀死一定量的HIV病毒的，这个因人而异。”

但给艾感患者治疗确实是高风险的，即使你扎破自己的手，最后没有检查出艾滋病，但刚开始的半年你是非常难受的。因为感染艾滋病最初有半年的窗口期，窗口期无法确认体内是否已有HIV病毒，但同样是具有传染性。胆战心惊半年后，你体内没测出HIV，才算解放了。

你越怕反而越危险

黄凡每天上班都要和艾感病人长时间接触，穿着白大褂，却经常不戴口罩，“戴不戴口罩，在其他医院是个小事情，但面对艾感患者，我们戴口罩，他们会觉得我们看不起他们，这样反而更危险，因为这些艾感患者，大多是重刑犯，无期和死缓的都有，甚至这些服刑人员递根烟给你抽，你也得接着。其实绝大部分戴口罩的时候是因为自己感冒了，怕传染给他们。”

因为收治的都是监狱服刑人员，医院除了医生，和艾感患者接触的还有很多管教民警，他们负责这些艾感患者的管控改造工作。33岁的陈长卫就是这样一名特殊的专门和艾感服刑人员打交道的管教民警。

谈话时被艾感服刑人员的口水飞沫喷到嘴唇上，这类事陈长卫经历过很多次，最后轻描淡写抹掉的小事，陈长卫从没和妻子谈论过。

“这些事情，其实没多大危险，但大家‘谈艾色变’，我们也没办法，即使家属会支持我们。”考过了国家二级心理咨询师的陈长卫说，大部分艾感服刑人员，来的时候精神都非常狂躁和绝望，重刑犯又染上艾滋病，这些人感觉生活没希望了，心理自我感觉很特殊，“我们第一要做的是给他们‘去特殊化’，首先给他们希望，让他们明白染上HIV病毒并不是立刻就没活下去的可能，再通过不断的谈话，让他们获得心理支撑。”

陈长卫说，对这些心理状态非常特殊的服刑人员，还要以一种平和的心态去对待，你越怕就反而越危险。有一次，因为一个艾感患者情绪异常激动，管教民警出于安全考虑，穿了防撕咬服装，戴上头盔，拿起防暴盾牌进去，却听到另外一位艾感患者的一句话“在怕我们”。陈长卫说，那句话对他影响很大。

他们都拿阳光工资

 

“对这些艾感患者，而且还是服刑人员，给他们治疗，冒巨大风险给他们做手术，帮助他们改造，这是我们的职责。”与艾感服刑人员打过多年交道的福建省监狱管理局中心医院党委书记、政委林香齐说，医院的医生、护士、管教民警在待遇方面一点都没特殊，他们都是公务员编制，拿的都是阳光工资，没有任何特殊津贴，比外面医院的同级医护人员工资待遇低，“大家虽然偶尔嘴巴上说说，但到了关键时刻，谁都没有怨言，因为他们不仅是医生、护士，而且更是人民警察。”

“全社会都说关爱艾滋病患者，但真正落实下去，还有很长的路要走。”林香齐说。

（东南快报记者）

Contributing to the spread of AIDS sexual diversity

 
 


At 8:16 on December 2, 2010 Source: People's Daily Online - "Beijing Times"


 

 

 

    Today is the 23 "World AIDS Day." Beijing Municipal Health Bureau released the news that sexual transmission has become the primary means of HIV transmission. Newspaper health consultant, executive director of the Chinese Society of CAO Xing afternoon of that diversity of sexual behavior contributes to the spread of AIDS, and condoms, abstinence is the single-sex life partners an important means for people to combat AIDS.

    Sexual transmission as the primary route of transmission of HIV

    CAO Xing afternoon, said, AIDS is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the AIDS virus) caused by infectious diseases, causing severe immune defects in human cells, leading to intractable opportunistic infections, cancer and nervous system damage. The rapid spread of AIDS, there is no effective control methods, the general symptomatic treatment, mortality is high.

    AIDS is the major route of transmission of blood transmission, sexual contact, mother to child transmission. Currently, women infected with AIDS has become a global problem. In Asia, especially Southeast Asia, three years alone, nearly 20 million women are infected. Carriers is both a disseminator of women, but also future generations of communicators.

    Beijing Municipal Health Bureau released the news that sexual transmission has become the primary means of HIV transmission. In recent years, Beijing reported HIV infected persons and patients aged 60 or older and has increased the proportion of young students.

    Contributing to the spread of AIDS sexual diversity

    CAO Xing afternoon said that the increasing proportion of AIDS through sexual transmission, and has a lot to the diversity of sexual behavior, such as anal sex, oral sex. Because AIDS semen contains large amounts of AIDS virus (HIV), is easily transmitted through sexual intercourse to each other.

    Gay men more likely to lead to HIV infection through anal sex. This is because the rectal mucosal surface is columnar epithelial cells or squamous epithelial cells, and vaginal keratinization of stratified squamous epithelial cells compared to poor wear resistance, very easy to break. In the anal, rectal mucosa easily damaged, with the semen of HIV to the rectum, the virus would quickly sneak through broken mucous membrane at the blood into the body's blood circulation, to find the lymphocytes, for breeding and reproduction.

    In addition, oral sex also increases the chance of becoming infected with HIV. Oral sex depends on whether the three aspects of HIV infection, first, the object was oral sex not suffering from AIDS or are suffering from the AIDS virus carriers; Second, oral sex who have traumatic oral ulceration and ulcers; Third, there is no sperm injection into the mouth. If oral sex who are living with HIV, oral sex, there were oral ulcers, oral sex is there in the ejaculate, and not wearing protective condom, the risk that the infection rate is very high.

    According to reports, heterosexual intercourse can also be infected with HIV. But in general, multiple sexual partners and sex workers sex lives of HIV infection through sexual life more opportunities.

    CAO Xing afternoon that abstinence to prevent AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, the best guarantee. In sexual contact, first of all to do be sure that unitary partner, which is to prevent transmission of HIV through sex fundamental measures.

    In addition, condoms to prevent AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, the best means, the correct use of condoms not only contraception, but also to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Experts also warned that the suspected AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, the best to the hospital.

    >> Related Links

    The same can not be ignored several sexually transmitted diseases

    In addition to AIDS, the health hazards of several sexually transmitted diseases, the same should not be ignored. CAO Xing afternoon that syphilis is the most harmful and can contribute significantly to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and the high incidence of the epidemic increased rapidly, especially in recent years, the largest increase in sexually transmitted diseases. Especially after 1993, many parts of the country showed significant increase in syphilis. 2009 National Report of Phase I and II the incidence of syphilis increased by 12.44% respectively over the previous year and 11.01%, some at high risk of syphilis infection rates as high as 47%. In addition, gonorrhea, genital warts, non-gonococcal urethritis (cervical) inflammation, genital herpes and other sexually transmitted diseases are increasing every year.

    View from the sick people, sexually active people are at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases in young adults of 20-49 years of age the total number of cases of sexually transmitted diseases, more than 90%. And in recent years, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases by the number of the spouse increased more indirectly through mother to child transmission and the spread of disease 0-14 years age group has increased rapidly. Reporter Yang Fengli

    ■ Introduction of experts

    CAO Xing afternoon, the Chinese executive director of the Institute, medical special committee of the Secretary-General, Deputy Minister of academic work. 60 years through the Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, clinical, teaching and research career, tempering a solid basic skills unique cell morphology. Men in the country opened up a school of clinical and laboratory tests.

    Visits: Tuesday, four six days

    Visits Location: Beijing, Tongji Hospital,

Walk beside the doctors in HIV: an operation to cut through the hands of people with AIDS
2010-12-02 10:05:00 Source: Fuzhou News

Image of the point that, sometimes, you clearly know, there have HIV virus in saliva droplets fly to your lips. "33-year-old said Chen Chang Wei calm.

Yesterday was the first of 23 "World AIDS Day", the only day each year, the public and the media will it be possible to put more eyes on AIDS. However, Central Hospital of Fujian Province Bureau of Prisons medical staff and police have discipline, there are 365 days a year and the AIDS virus to be the king of close contact.

Central Hospital of Fujian Provincial Bureau of Prisons has a dual identity, there are two types of people: a class of both the police and a doctor, and the other is not only AIDS but also prisoners. They work between the intersection of daily life, people are not only numerous but also ease and dangerous.

"What do surgery to AIDS?"

HIV virus level is magnified terrible

Fujian Province, four cases of AIDS is currently a sense of open surgery prisoners, 44-year-old nurse Xu Li are involved. Recall March 22, 2007, due to intestinal rupture, Ai flu Wu Moumou do that Taiwan surgery, Xu Li was moved to fear a word in the smoke of three words: "I'm afraid! Very afraid! Really scary! "

It was the first prisoners to the AI to do the surgery feeling, no experience. Xu Li Chong Han Tielin chief of surgery at the time shouted: "What do surgery to AIDS? Can not do not do it!"

"Not that he will die!" Hantie Lin said quietly so sentence.

The patient, I heard that just started is to the local hospital, but hospital president very tough to top back, saying that even when the president not to, but also firmly sets do not do this surgery, then the president will not only not been dismissed by the medical staff but also more support.

"The operation of a cut open the skin, in our eyes not to see the blood flow out, is a surprising amount of HIV virus." Xu Li said the surgery, the doctors and nurses of the hand was a scalpel and needle break is common things, but this surgery is that it must not appear above.

Because it is high-risk surgery, surgeon himself as the director of surgery, the nurse of elimination, will not married, no children, the birth of a child or children were still breast-feeding a small fully ruled out, finally got left Xu Li of the next. The difference between surgical and other medical staff is carefully checked before surgery have their own hand wound, and put on protective glasses, as if the blood of AIDS patients being splashed in your eyes, it will be infected.

Although every surgery Dr. Xu Liji a device for every delivery in the past, will say, "Director of slow," but a sense of doing the third case of AIDS patients during surgery or an accident, then deputy director of surgical Xie cut finger surgery broken.

HIV virus level is magnified terrible

Sense of contact with AIDS patients for so many years, Fujian Bureau of Prisons Central Hospital of Infectious Diseases Dr Huang who believe that AIDS can be controlled, as long as adhere to the standard treatment, many patients the immune system can be gradually restored and maintained at normal levels, which some non- contrast reversal of disease, much better.

"In fact, the terrible extent of AIDS is the result of social amplification." Huang who gave a true example of an infectious disease hospital, a young nurse during an acupuncture treatment to AIDS patients being punctured his hand, the spot feeling out of control. "In fact, in this sense the hospital to the AIDS patients, the medical staff has more than two times the occupational exposure, which also punctured more than once passed through his hands, but no one person specification and timely disposal of infected with HIV, including our hospital for Ai flu break the hand surgery, deputy director Xie, also has been confirmed not infected. "

Huang Fan said, "These hands contaminated with AIDS health care workers punctured a sense of body fluids or blood of patients with certain medical devices with the HIV virus is, but not that break your skin, you will be infected, if infection should unit time to see whether there is sufficient amount of virus into your body, man's own immune system can kill a certain amount of HIV virus, this varies. "

But to the AI is indeed a sense of high-risk patients, even if you punctured his hand, did not check out the last of AIDS, but the first six months you are very uncomfortable. Half a year since the first HIV window period, the window period has been unable to confirm whether the HIV virus in vivo, but also contagious. Six months after the frightened, your body did not detect HIV, be considered liberated.

But the more dangerous the more you fear

Huang Ai who work every day and have a sense of prolonged exposure to the patient, wearing robes, but often do not wear masks, "do not wear a mask to wear in other hospitals is a small thing, but being the face of AIDS patients, we wear masks, they will think we look down on them, so instead of more dangerous, because they feel AIDS patients, mostly serious offenders, have no period and stays of execution, even these prisoners handed cigarette you smoke, you have to then. In fact, most of the When wearing a mask because of his cold, fear of infecting them. "

Because prison officers are treated in the hospital in addition to doctors, and AIDS patients a sense of discipline there are many police contacts, they are responsible for the control of AIDS patients a sense of transformation. Wei Chen, 33, is such a long special sense of specialized and Ai police discipline dealing with prisoners.

Ai conversation was a sense of serving personnel saliva droplets sprayed into the lips, Chen Chang Wei experienced such things many times, and finally erase the little things casual, long-Wei Chen and his wife never talked about.

"These things, in fact, not much danger, but we 'talk about the mere mention of Ai', we have no means, even if family members will support us." After a national secondary examination counselors Chen Chang Wei said most of the inmates a sense of Ai, Spirit came very manic and desperate, serious criminals, but also infected with AIDS, these people feel no hope of life, psychological feel very special, "we first need to do is give them 'to specialization', first to They want to make them understand there is no contracted HIV virus is not immediately possible to live, and through constant conversation, give them psychological support. "

Chen Chang Wei said that for those very special psychological state prisoners, but also to a peaceful attitude towards, the more you fear to the contrary, the more dangerous. Once, as a mood disorder in patients with AIDS being excited, discipline police for security reasons, to wear anti-tearing clothing, helmets, riot shields into the pick up, but to hear another word Ai flu patients "in the afraid of us. " Chen Chang Wei said that a great impact on his sentence.

They take the sun wage



"The sense of these AIDS patients, but also the inmates, giving them treatment, surgery to take great risks to them and help them reform, it is our duty." Prisoners being played with the AI traffic in Fujian Province Bureau of Prisons for many years Central Hospital, party secretary and political commissar of the forest, said Hong Qi, hospital doctors, nurses, police in discipline that no special treatment, they are the Civil Service, holding wages are the sun, without any special allowance, health care than their counterparts outside the hospital workers with low wages, "Although we occasionally talk about the mouth, but a critical moment, no one complained, because they are not only doctors, nurses, and it is the people's police."

"Care for AIDS patients say that the whole society, but the real implementation of the down, there is still a long way to go." Lam, Hong Qi said.

(Southeast Express Reporter)