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韩国：取消外国人入境艾滋病强制检查
来源：法制日报 2010年11月02日08:04
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近期，韩国进行了一系列修法举措，如已经实施的《出入国管理法试行规则修正案》以及即将于12月末实行的《艾滋病预防法》修改案。根据新修法律，韩国将取消对来韩外国人的艾滋病强制检查，终结对艾滋病感染者的入境、旅行限制
本报驻首尔记者王刚
医疗科技日新月异的进步正帮助越来越多的艾滋病毒感染者享受高质量的生活，但歧视艾滋病患者的问题仍在全球范围内普遍存在。其中，取消对艾滋病毒感染者的旅行限制有助减少人们对艾滋病毒感染者的歧视。
2010年以来，中国、美国、纳米比亚等全球多个国家相继取消了对艾滋病毒感染者的旅行限制，包括乌克兰在内的多个国家也已经承诺将取消类似限制。而在韩国，通过已经于年初实施的《出入国管理法试行规则修正案》以及即将于12月末实行的《艾滋病预防法》修改案，外国人入境韩国不再面临艾滋病强制检查。
强制检查政策引争议
此前，为尽可能切断艾滋病患者进入韩国的途径，韩国法务部于2007年年末开始对外国讲师(持E-2签证)和持有E-6签证的滞留期超过90天的外国人要求提供艾滋病阴性确认书，否则将在入境72小时内接受强制艾滋病检查。
E-6签证属于在娱乐场所、酒店等地公演或者从事演艺活动的人以及运动员等人持有的签证，每年有4000多名外国人持此类签证进入韩国。入境后一旦确认感染了艾滋病就会成为强制驱逐出境的对象。
但是这一做法一直备受争议。韩国国内的艾滋病维权组织就公开表示：“不分青红皂白地驱逐外国艾滋病感染者于理不通，如果是持旅游签证来韩国的艾滋病病毒感染者怎么办？非法入境来韩务工的外国人怎么办？根本就不可能全部清除”。在韩国担任外教的部分老师也纷纷表示不满，认为如果对来韩国工作的外国人采取歧视政策的话，对韩国的国家形象也无益处。
潘基文敦促韩国修法
联合国及国际人权组织一直批评韩国政府的这一做法，认为此举有人权歧视的行为。联合国的立场相当明确，反对各国歧视艾滋病患者并禁止他们入境。
例如，联合国艾滋病规划署就坚决反对任何限制艾滋病病毒感染者旅行的法律，认为这样的限制无法预防艾滋病的传播，也不能保护公共卫生。
联合国艾滋病规划署指出，以一个人是否感染了艾滋病病毒为由而施加旅行限制是歧视性的。没有证据表明这种做法能够预防艾滋病毒传播，或者保护公众健康。艾滋病毒感染者能够以富有生产力的状态长期生活，因而对他们进行旅行限制从经济角度而言也是没有理由的。施加旅行限制只会阻碍全球各国应对艾滋病的努力。
2009年5月，联合国秘书长潘基文曾在日内瓦举行的世界卫生组织大会上，劝说韩国政府废除对入境外国人进行艾滋病强制检查的规定。
潘基文曾不止一次地表示，“惩罚性的政策和做法只会阻碍全球艾滋病防治的进程。我呼吁那些对艾滋病病毒感染者实行旅行限制的国家把取消限行做为首要工作和紧急事务来处理”。
曾经发生投诉情况
虽然韩国政府近年来通过多种措施遏制艾滋病在韩国的传播，其中就包括要求入境外国人提供艾滋病阴性确认书，否则将在入境72小时内接受强制艾滋病检查，但是韩国自1985年发现首例艾滋病患者以来，艾滋病病毒携带者仍呈现逐年上升的态势，不过与印度、泰国等某些艾滋病高发国家相比，韩国的艾滋病还没有大规模向普通人群扩散。
根据韩国保健福利家庭部下属的韩国疾病管理本部发布的数据，截至2009年底，韩国累计发现艾滋病病毒携带者6888人，其中死亡1217人，还有5671人存活。目前，存活的大部分艾滋病病毒感染者在接受韩国卫生部门的治疗。
近年来，随着韩国的经济发展和人口老龄化，来韩国打工和旅游的外国人越来越多。此前，曾经发生过约50名外国人就被迫接受艾滋病毒检测向韩国人权委员会提出投诉的情况。
将与国际标准接轨
对于来自国内和国际社会的呼声，10月25日，韩国保健福祉部发布立法预告，宣布针对来韩外国人的艾滋病检查将被取消，修改后的《艾滋病预
防法》将于今年12月末开始实施。
此前，韩国法务部也已经发布公告，宣布了《出入国管理法试行规则修正案》，取消持E-6签证的外国人登记时需要提交艾滋病抗体反应阴性确认书的程序。此外，产业研修生在申请延长在韩滞留期限、船员就业者进行外国人登记时也取消了有关规定。但是对于外教讲师，申请签证时仍需提交健康确认书，其中必须包含是否感染艾滋病的内容。
韩国保健福祉部疾病政策课长郑银敬在接受媒体采访时表示：“艾滋病不会通过日常接触或空气传染，因此决定按照国际标准，废除艾滋病的强制检查规定。”
韩国：歧视现象仍然存在引入匿名检查制度
由于各种各样的复杂原因，韩国的艾滋病感染者一直在社会中处于隐遁状态，他们的生活也不为普通韩国民众所知。甚至有部分可能的感染者担心个人隐私泄露而不愿到医院检查。
为此，韩国保健福利家庭部于2008年3月修改了相关法律，对艾滋病检查引入匿名制度，病人可以匿名接受艾滋病检查，且检查结果也仅限本人观看，雇主不可以向职工索要艾滋病检查结果，也不能因职工感染艾滋病而区别对待。修改后的法律还规定，如果艾滋病感染者搬家或死亡，艾滋病感染者和其家人不用再向有关部门进行申报。
但是，在韩国社会，仍不时爆出与艾滋病患者相关的负面新闻。今年10月26日，一则关于艾滋病感染者的消息震惊了韩国社会。当日，釜山警察厅逮捕了一名仅有19岁的女性艾滋病感染者，她在今年2月获知自己已经感染艾滋病病毒的情况下，先后与20多名男性发生性关系，并隐瞒了自己患病的事实。根据警方的调查，所有的男性都没有采取防护措施，因此不排除已经有人因此感染了艾滋病，而该女子也将被控故意传染艾滋病。
韩国与其他发达国家相比，整个社会对艾滋病的歧视相对比较严重。韩国疾病管理本部去年11月曾委托专门的调查机构对该国1200名成人进行了艾滋病调查，结果显示有28.5%的受访者赞同将艾滋病患者和感染者从工作单位隔离开来。这一数据比2008年的调查结果(30%)有所降低，但远超过美国(18.6%)和英国(8%)的调查数据。此外，有24.5%的受访者认为应该将艾滋病患者和感染者从家庭隔离，另有35.5%赞同将他们从社会隔离开来。不愿意艾滋病患者和自己的子女上同一所学校的人占45.3%，而10年前美国的受访者中只有14.9%表示赞同。
对此，疾病管理本部官员就表示，在很大程度上，错误的知识和误会导致人们对艾滋病产生偏见和歧视。为消除这种偏见和歧视，舆论和媒体的引导作用至关重要。整体而言，韩国对艾滋病的偏见正逐渐减小。
South Korea: the abolition of mandatory testing of AIDS aliens
Source: Legal Daily at 08:04 on November 2, 2010
Recently, South Korea conducted a series of initiatives to amend the law, as has been the implementation of the "Immigration Control Act Amendments to the rules trial" and the forthcoming implementation of 12 the end of the "AIDS prevention laws," the case. Under the new revised law, South Korea to South Korea will abolish mandatory testing foreigners for AIDS, the end of the entry of HIV infected persons, travel restrictions
Gang newspaper reporter in Seoul
The rapid advances in medical technology are helping a growing number of people living with HIV to enjoy the high quality of life, but the problem of discrimination against AIDS patients is still prevalent worldwide. Among them, the removal of HIV travel restrictions will help reduce the people living with HIV discrimination.
Since 2010, China, USA, Namibia and other countries have lifted the world on HIV travel restrictions, many countries including Ukraine, have also promised to abolish such restrictions. In South Korea, has been in the beginning through the implementation of the "Immigration Control Act Amendments to the rules trial" and the forthcoming implementation of 12 the end of the "AIDS prevention laws," the case, the entry of foreigners face of AIDS is no longer mandatory inspection Korea.
Mandatory inspection policy Yin Zhengyi
Prior to that, as much as possible into the Republic of Korea cut the way AIDS patients, South Korea, Ministry of Justice began in late 2007, foreign lecturers (E-2 visa holders) and E-6 visas holders of more than 90 days stranded foreigners require AIDS negative confirmation, or within 72 hours of entry will be subject to mandatory HIV testing.
E-6 visas are in entertainment, hotels and other places or in the performing arts performances and athletes and others who hold a visa, foreigners hold more than 4,000 each year for such a visa to enter South Korea. Once confirmed after entry, it will become infected with HIV out of the country objects.
However, this practice has been controversial. AIDS advocacy group in Korea, said openly: "regardless of indiscriminate expulsion of foreign people living with HIV in the management barrier, if it is a tourist visa to Korea, how to do with HIV? Illegal immigration of foreigners to Korean workers how to do? simply can not all clear. " As part of foreign teachers in South Korea have also expressed dissatisfaction with the teacher that if foreigners to work in South Korea adopted a discriminatory policy, then to South Korea's national image and no benefits.
South Korean Ban Ki-moon urged amending the law
The United Nations and international human rights organizations have criticized the South Korean government's approach, that this has human rights discrimination. Quite clear the position of the United Nations against the States and to prohibit discrimination against AIDS patients their entry.
For example, UNAIDS strongly oppose any restrictions on HIV travel law, that such restrictions can not prevent the spread of AIDS, it can not protect public health.
UNAIDS pointed out that a person is infected with HIV travel restrictions imposed on the grounds is discriminatory. There is no evidence that this approach can prevent HIV transmission, or to protect public health. HIV can live long productive state, and thus travel restrictions on them from an economic point of view, there was no reason. Impose travel restrictions only hinder the efforts of countries around the world cope with AIDS.
May 2009, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in Geneva, the World Health Organization conference, to persuade the Korean government abolished mandatory testing for AIDS foreigners entry requirements.
Ban Ki-moon has repeatedly said that "punitive policies and practices that will hinder the process of global AIDS prevention and treatment. I appeal to those with HIV travel restrictions in the country to abolish the limit line as a priority and emergency services to deal with . "
Complaint cases have occurred
The South Korean government in recent years through a variety of measures to curb the spread of AIDS in South Korea, including the entry of foreigners required to provide confirmation of HIV-negative, otherwise within 72 hours of entry subject to mandatory AIDS test, but South Korea since the first case of AIDS in 1985 Since patients with the AIDS virus is still showing upward trend year after year, but with India, Thailand and other countries in some high incidence of AIDS than South Korea's large-scale AIDS has not spread to the general population.
According to the Korean Ministry of Health Family Welfare Disease Control Division of Korea data released by the end of 2009, Korea 6888 the cumulative detection of HIV carriers, of whom 1217 died, 5671 were still alive. At present, the survival of most of the people living with HIV in the health sector in South Korea to accept treatment.
In recent years, with South Korea's economic development and population aging, and travel to Korea to work more and more foreigners. Previously, there had been about 50 foreigners were forced to undergo HIV testing to the Korean situation in the Human Rights Commission complaint.
With international standards
From the domestic and the international community for the voice, Oct. 25, South Korea legislative notice issued by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, announced that foreigners in Korea for AIDS testing will be canceled, modified "pre-AIDS
Prevention Act "will be launched late this year 12.
Earlier, South Korean Ministry of Justice has issued a proclamation declaring a "trial Immigration Control Act Amendments to the rules" to cancel the holding E-6 visa holders are required to register negative for HIV antibody confirmation process. In addition, industrial trainees in Korea in the application for extension of detention period, the crew employed for the registration of foreigners, also abolished the relevant provisions. But for foreign lecturers, still need to submit visa applications for confirmation of health, which must include the content is infected with AIDS.
South Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare Policy Division at Zhengyin Jing disease in a media interview, said: "AIDS is not transmitted through casual contact or air, it was decided in accordance with international standards, abolish the mandatory inspection requirements of AIDS."
South Korea: Discrimination still exists to introduce anonymous inspection system
For a variety of complex reasons, Korea has been living with HIV in the reclusive state in society, their life as ordinary South Korean people do not know. Even some of the possible disclosure of infection rather than worry about personal privacy to the hospital.
To this end, South Korean Ministry of Health Family Welfare in March 2008 amended the relevant laws, the introduction of anonymous HIV testing system, patients can be tested for HIV anonymously, and the test results are only my view, the employer can not ask for HIV test results to workers , because workers can not be infected with AIDS be treated differently. The revised law also stipulates that if the moving AIDS or death, AIDS and their families do not have to declare relevant again.
However, in Korean society, is still associated with AIDS patients when the burst of negative news. October 26 this year, a message on AIDS shocked Korean society. Day, Busan Police Agency arrested a 19-year-old woman with only HIV, she was informed in February this year, they have the case of HIV infection, and has more than 20 men who have sex with, and concealed his illness fact. According to police investigations, all the men do not take protective measures, so do not rule out that someone has so infected with AIDS, and the woman will be charged with intentional transmission of AIDS.
South Korea compared with other developed countries, discrimination against AIDS throughout the community is relatively serious. Disease Management Division Korea in November last year, commissioned a special investigation agencies in the country of 1,200 adults with AIDS survey revealed that 28.5% of respondents agreed with the AIDS patients and HIV isolated from the work unit. The data over the 2008 survey (30%) lower, but far more than the United States (18.6%) and the United Kingdom (8%) of the survey data. In addition, 24.5% of the respondents thought should be infected with AIDS patients and isolation from family, and another 35.5% agreed to isolate them from society. AIDS patients and do not want their children to the same school who accounted for 45.3%, while the United States 10 years ago, only 14.9% of respondents agreed.
In response, disease management headquarters officials said that to a large extent, wrong knowledge and misunderstanding led to prejudice and discrimination against AIDS. To eliminate such prejudice and discrimination, to guide public opinion and the media played a vital role. Overall, the South Korean bias against AIDS is gradually reduced.
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