CHIP project：（小鸡和母鸡预防感染项目）

Denmark is also home to another nanotechnology project with importance to the poultry industry, the Chicken and Hen Infection Protection project.

丹麦在国内正在进行另一个对家禽工业具有重要意思的纳米科技项目的研究：纳米技术对小鸡和母鸡预防感染作用的研究。

CHIP brings together 13 partners from the public and private sectors in a four-year initiative supported with DKK13.4 million (US$2.3 million) funding from the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.

该项目汇聚了从公共机构和私人企业的13位合作者，项目为期四年，获得丹麦科学技术与创新部230万美元的资金支持。

The goal of CHIP is to break down bacterial disease pathways and reduce infections in poultry production. It aims to make use of the latest breakthroughs in nanotechnology and molecular biology. Its main focus is the optimisation of hygiene by testing new disinfection possibilities and by nanocoating select surfaces in poultry houses. The optimisation of drinking water systems is also being examined.

该项目的目标就是阻断细菌疾病传播途径，降低家禽产品的感染。他们计划采用目前在纳米技术和分子生物学及上上新的成就。其主要的重点是通过检测新的消毒可能性和在禽舍涂覆纳米涂层来优化卫生条件。饮用水系统的优化处理也正在检测中。

CHIP encompasses the investigation of pathogens and their influencing parameters, improving the hygiene of surfaces and housing, improving management procedures and producing models and risk-assessment tools. The project is looking at the effect of nanotechnology on bacterial population size and mutation rate, selection and disease patterns, with the aim of developing better prevention and treatment of diseases in large poultry populations.

该项目包括病原体及其影响参数研究，从而改善表面和禽舍卫生条件，改善管理程式、生产模式以及风险评估工具。目前该项目正在考虑评估纳米技术在细菌传播范围和突变率，细菌的选择和治病方式方面的效应，以开发大面积养殖家禽中更好的防止和治疗疾病的手段。

As model organisms, Escherichis coli, a typical gram negative bacterium, is being used and is representative for salmonella and campylobacter. Enterococcus faecalis is the model for gram positive bacteria and is representative of enterococi, streptococci and staphylococci.

在代表性细菌选择上，大肠杆菌，典型的革兰氏阴性菌，被用作为沙门氏菌属和弯曲菌属的代表来研究；粪肠球菌是革兰氏阳性菌，被用作肠球菌属、链球菌属和葡萄球菌属的代表来研究。

Nanocoating should make surfaces smooth on a nano-scale and this should result in improved cleaning and self-cleaning effects. The project is looking at designing equipment that has a high level of hygiene and is easier to clean, as well as new cleaning and disinfection procedures and agents to optimise cleaning between flocks

纳米涂层应该使表面更加光滑（达到纳米级光洁度）从而可以提高表面的清洁特性和自清洁效应。本项目不仅致力于新的清洁消毒程序以及消毒剂已优化禽群之间的清洁，而且致力于具有高水平的卫生条件以及易于清洁设备的设计。

As far as water systems are concerned, the project is looking at inhibiting the formation of biofilm and investigating parameters such as flow, temperature, materials and design.

就目前关心的水处理系统而言，项目正在研究如何阻止生物薄膜的形成，同时也在研究一些参数比如流速、水温、材料以及系统设计的影响。

Commenting on CHIP, spokesperson for the Danish Poultry Council Thorkil Ambrosen said: "With the participation of all important players in poultry production, and by using the latest scientific breakthroughs, this project will be of crucial importance for Danish poultry production."

丹麦家禽委员会的发言人Thorkil Ambrosen就CHIP项目发表评论时说：随着家禽工业各方面重要代表的参与，以及通过应用最先进的科技成果，这个项目将会对丹麦的家禽工业产生产生至关重要的影响和意义。

Ventilation（通风方面研究）

Another Danish project is looking at the effects of coating ventilation fans with nanocoatings. Eight different coatings, including nano-silver, have been tested to gauge their impact on electricity consumption.

丹麦的另一个项目是研究经过纳米涂层处理的换气扇的效果。包括纳米银涂层在内的八个不同涂层换气扇的电力消耗已经被检测。

Up to 1cm of dust can accumulate on the blades of a ventilation system, reducing ventilation efficiency and increasing energy costs. A poultry farmer in Denmark might spend DKK100,000 (US$17,500) to DKK200,000 (US$35,000) on electricity each year and, in trials, some of the nanocoatings reduced electricity usage by 6%

高达1cm厚的灰尘会沉积在换气扇的叶片上，降低了换气效率，增加了电力消耗成本。在丹麦，一个家禽养殖户每年在电费方面的开支高达1.75万~3.5万美元。试验表明，一些纳米涂层处理后的换气扇可以降低6%的电力消耗。

New Technology 新技术

Anders Iversen, consulting microbiologist with the Danish government's Institute for Agrotechnology and Food Innovation, explains: "We could apply this new technology and lower energy and CO2 emissions. Awareness of CO2 emissions is increasing in Denmark and agriculture is being encouraged to decrease its share. We want to see if applying this new technology is a shortcut to lower emissions."

Anders Iversen，丹麦政府农业技术与食品创新研究所的微生物专家解释说：“我们将采用新技术降低能耗和CO₂气体的排放。在丹麦，CO₂气体的排放正日益引起重视，政府期望农业方面减少排放。我们期望看到，采用这项新技术可以成为降低CO₂排放的一条捷径。”

Included in the trials were photovoltaic coatings that react to ultraviolet light. Without UV light, surfaces with these coatings are less active, their only activity being triggered by the UV component of normal light. Consequently, lighting applications need to be applied either constantly or at certain times.

在试验中之一的是光电涂层，可以与紫外线发生反应。没有紫外光照射，这些涂层表面活性很低，涂层活性唯一的激活手段就是太阳光中的紫外线部分。因此，长时间光照或者一天内光照一定次数是必须的。

Among the coatings tested was nano-silver, which does not require UV. Iversen explained that the ions from nano-silver prevent biofilms developing. It is these biofilms to which dust particles can stick and accumulate.

在检测的几种涂层样品中，纳米银涂层不需要紫外线照射。Iversen解释说从纳米银释放出来的离子阻止了生物薄膜的生成，而正是这些生物薄膜造成了灰尘的粘附合聚集，也就是说纳米银通过阻止叶片表面生物薄膜的形成来阻止粉尘的积聚。

Experiments have already been carried out using coating supplied by a German paint manufacturer Bio+, which holds TUV certification for log 5 bacteria reduction of 99.99%. Fans can either be dip coated or sprayed and the cost of nanocoatings has come down enough to make their application practicable

采用德国涂料生产厂家Bio+提供的涂料进行了试验研究，该产品通过了欧洲的TUV认证，抗菌活性值可以达到5，也就是细菌减少率在99.99%以上。风扇可以采用浸泡涂覆或者直接喷涂，纳米涂层的成本已经足够的低，可以满足实际应用需求。

The benefits of nanotechnology are being recognised worldwide and while there may be some public reservations over the technology, a European Union study has found that concerns are lowest where health and medicine are concerned.

纳米技术带来的好处正在全世界范围内被认可，尽管某些公共团体对此技术仍然忧心忡忡，来自欧盟的一个研究表明：在人们关注的健康和医药领域，对纳米技术的担心程度是最低的。

For the poultry industry, there may be big advantages to applying this small technology

但是对家禽行业而言，应用这些小技术可能会给真个行业带来极大的好处。

后记：目前国内已经看到有类似的纳米银饲料产品，但是非常地少。如果有哪家从事饲料研究、生产的企业想在纳米生物饲料这一块发展，可以找老虎一起探讨。可以做纳米银饲料，也可以做纳米铜饲料。