2009 top ten technology leaders list Obama Gates III
At 13:41 on June 28, 2009 Source: Bit Network Author: "Global Science"

Recently, America's most important popular science magazine, founded in the 1845 "Scientific American" (Scientific American) magazine's 2009 top ten of the leaders in science and technology. They have to prove: the establishment of a public health plan, or operating a Green business were required not only highly efficient administration and good public relations. using creativity to overcome the many institutional and bureaucratic obstacles, not only to the introduction of new technology, but also to promote the improvement of medical services and the innovation environment is essential procedures method.

1 against the ravages of HIV

Al-Sadr Wafaa El-Sadar

New York, Harlem Hospital Center, Chief Physician传染科

Up to 1 / 3 of people suffering from tuberculosis, AIDS, both at the same time suffering from the disease population, 1 / 2, died of lung infection.
 
Research project led by Moqtada al-Sadr's goal is to rapidly reduce the proportion. Sadr is the Columbia University International AIDS care and treatment programs (ICAP), director. Not long ago, she ICAP and sub-Saharan region, nearly 400 medical centers launched a cooperation program aimed at inhibiting HIV / TB in the region caused by the scourge. As of December 2008, the African Medical Center has identified more than 100,000 cases of tuberculosis with HIV infection and the development of a series of methods used in the treatment at the same time to prevent the spread of tuberculosis.

The Egyptian-born physician of the study focused on all aspects of HIV pandemic, which in 2008 she was awarded the MacArthur Award reputable (MacArthur Fellowship). In 1988, she joined the Harlem Hospital Center, he was appointed director of传染科. Since then, she is committed to the promotion of an all-round, home-based care model for AIDS. In addition, she also seeks to promote a mother to child transmission of AIDS to a minimum the plan, the eight countries to benefit from several thousand women.

Another al-Sadr to participate in research, will ultimately guide the doctors to determine the best course of AIDS treatment. From 2001 to 2006, she and other researchers with ever presided over the largest study of AIDS treatment: antiretroviral therapy strategy (SMART). The study reached an important conclusion: Long-term antiretroviral therapy in patients with longer survival, but also more healthy. At the moment, al-Sadr was committed to universal access to this experimental therapy: in 2008, in the ICAP with the help of sub-Saharan Africa 1 / 10 AIDS patients received antiretroviral therapy.

2 Darwin's golden dogs

Eugenie Scott Scott

California, the United States executive director of Center for Science Education

19th-century biologist Thomas Huxley (Thomas Henry Huxley) as a result of the defense of Darwin's ideas are known as "Darwin's bulldog." His successor in the 21st century is a self-proclaimed "golden dogs Darwin" females. As a non-profit organization "The United States Center for Science Education" (NCSE) leader Eugene妮亚斯Scott has been a public school in the United States to promote the course to retain the famous theory of evolution. Scott in 1986 as executive director of the NCSE. A year later, the United States Supreme Court in the "Edwards for阿奎拉德case" would make a ruling, found in the public schools teach "Creation Science" (creation science) for the illegal conduct.

In 1980, Scott University of Kentucky or the United States, a physical anthropologist. At that time, she tried to reconcile the biological, geological sciences and the literal interpretation of the Bible, the "Creation Science" interest. Lexington, she also led a grass-roots movement to stop the local public schools in the founding of a professor. In 2005, she was an epoch-making "of the Dover case奇兹米勒" provided free of charge. Jones (John Jones) judge ruled that "intelligent design" is a creation of, in accordance with the Constitution may not be taught in public schools.

In March 2009, Texas Board of Education rejected a proposal to vote. The proposal requires the teachers in the science classes there is no need to consider Darwin's theory of the "advantages and disadvantages of" selling the idea stems from the creation of a new form of behavior. NCSE had loudly called for, although the use of the Creator to send a different language, but the intent to discredit Darwin's theory has not changed. Opponents of the theory of evolution has repeatedly transform rhetoric, there are many dogs Darwin golden opportunity to safeguard the rights of schools to teach evolution.

3 to promote anti-smoking campaign

Gates Bill Gates / Bloomberg Michael Bloomberg

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Chairman / New York City Mayor

Than cholera, AIDS and tuberculosis combined fatal, the number of deaths each year more than any other of a cause of death. It soon spread alarmingly, especially in developing countries. 2008, co-founder of Microsoft Bill Gates joint media tycoon Michael Bloomberg and politicians, together launched a project of 375 million U.S. dollars, in the global fight against tobacco --- the lethal factor.

This collaboration has been derived from a total of 125 million U.S. dollars of international fund-raising project. The project is funded by Bloomberg launched in 2006, aims to promote a series of no-smoking policy. New injection of funds (250 million U.S. dollars from Bloomberg, 125 million U.S. dollars from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) are used to children and adults, Professor of tobacco hazards, the protection of individuals against intrusion of passive smoking, and so on to help smokers kick the habit. The plan will also provide tax and health officials to provide training to help them develop effective anti-smoking instructions. In addition, it will monitor global tobacco use and to evaluate control strategies. Partners including the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Lung Foundation (WLF). Work center is a strong demand for tobacco in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia and Russia.

Bloomberg is also a smoker, I was, but the term of office as Mayor of New York City, he has established a reputation for anti-smoking crusader. Gates Foundation has always been known to attack infectious diseases, in the fight against tobacco is just the entry. With the input of funds and personnel to join Bloomberg and Bill Gates is expected to build the necessary political will to stop smoking and the birth of the appropriate policies to help rid the world of this dreadful habit.

■ The function

IT leaders fast time

● Brady (Todd Brady)

California, manager of Intel's business environment

He makes a chip to improve the environmental footprint will be the focus of the work. In his assistance in the global business community, Intel gained the reputation of a pioneer in environmental protection. This year, Intel plans to the opening of its first green building homes. It can collect the data center of the heat emitted by the computer used for the construction of internal heating. Brady also promote environmental protection through a lot of resolution.

● Agassi (Shai Agassi)

California, land the company founder and president of

He designed a sophisticated program the charge, perhaps for the electric-powered car paved the way for the future. He is assembling a new road infrastructure. Motorists will be able to pre-order a certain mileage, once the batteries run out, will be able to exchange points convenient location TM. Short-distance commuters driving or shopping may be in the measurement site powered parking charge.

●林哈特(Robert J. Linhardt)

U.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic, biocatalysis and metabolic engineering professor

He identified a risk of contamination of the drug caused the causes of death. In January 2008, contaminated heparin (heparin) caused more deaths in the United States. After the incident, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned to identify the main culprit林哈特.林哈特not only the result of the successful completion of tasks, but also designed to prevent such a tragic repetition of the program. The study represents the heparin in saving lives, rather than the deprivation of life of the great progress made.

● Wilson (Bryan Willson)

Colorado State University professor of mechanical engineering

He promoted in developing countries promote clean energy technologies. Nearly half the world's population, rely on very low energy efficiency, high power indoor stove for cooking three meals a day. Wilson's research team has been using a simple interval carburetor and a hot chamber to resolve the issue price of 10-40 U.S. dollars only. Compared to traditional stoves, which reduce emissions by 80%, use less fuel, heating food faster.

● Olsen (Kristian Olson)

Boston Medical technology and innovation leader in the integration of Center

He saved the newborn in developing countries. 2008, Olsen together innovative medical technologies and integration center (CIMIT) launched a project to demonstrate a price of 7 U.S. dollars only ventilator. Through this ventilator, medical personnel will be able to carry the gases to the newborn population. The project was launched in 2004 following the tsunami in South Asia.

● Nagy (Andras Nagy)

Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada Senior Fellow

He found the use of mature cells to cultivate stem cells a practical approach. Nagy and colleagues using transposon will be required into the introduction of four genes in mouse and human cells. Nagy joined the four kinds of genes, many mature cells immediately converted into stem cells. Even after removing the gene, these cells can still maintain a number of characteristics. Ever, Nagy and colleagues created the first time, ethics, safety and efficiency of embryonic stem cells.

● Obama (Barack Obama)

President of the United States

Office at the beginning, it set off the dramatic changes in science policy. He abolished the disadvantage of the existing science policy, and to appoint an outstanding scientific community as an important public figure. He withdrew to the embryonic stem cell research ban on federal funding. Special Envoy on Climate his commitment will be pressing the United States, scientific and pragmatic attitude to act accordingly.

Source: "Global Science" ( "Scientific American" Chinese Version) feeds