Face ---a cultural thing
§中国文化中四个基本观念：面子，关系，客气和儒教。
§There are four fundamental, key concepts/ values in Chinese culture. mian-zi, guanxi, keqi and Confucianism.
§面子是一个人的自尊，一个人声誉和社会地位的的基础.在中国的商务文化中， 丢面子和给面子是成功的业务往来的关键.当众羞辱而使人丢面子可能永久性地破坏商务洽谈。反之，在社交场合或他的同事面前适度的赞美某人是给他面子，这有利于谈判的顺利进行。
§Mian-zi. Face is personal pride and is the basis of a person’s reputation and his or her social status in any given situation. In the Chinese business culture context, “saving face,” “losing face” and “giving face” are essential for successful business exchanges. Causing someone to lose face through a public humiliation can forever damage business negotiations. Conversely, praising someone in moderation in the presence of his or her professional or social group is a way to “give face” .. This can go a long way toward facilitating negotiations.
§关系的字面意思是 “联系，关联”. 它是中国文化的重要根基。它指一个联系的网络.避免可以 拥有恰当的关系有助于我们度过可能的困难和挫败。
§Guanxi. Literally meaning “relationships” or “connections,”. Guanxi is a fundamental aspect of Chinese culture. It refers to a network of contacts. Possessing the right guanxi is necessary for surviving the difficulties and frustrations .
§客气是两个汉字，客 指客人，气 指行为。客气指 考虑周到的礼貌的有教养的行为。在商务文化中，指一个人应当谦卑、虚心。
§KEQI. This is really two Chinese words: KE means guest and QI means behavior. Together they translate as “thoughtful, courteous and refined behavior.” In business culture, it implies that one should be humble and modest.
§儒家学说是基于公元六世纪的哲学家孔子的教义和著述的伦理信仰体系。儒家学说强调责任，真诚，忠诚，孝顺，通过保持人与人之间的和谐关系，达到社会稳定。
§Confucianism. This is an ethical belief system based on the teachings and writings of the sixth century philosopher, Confucius. It stresses duty, sincerity, loyalty, filial piety. Through maintaining harmonious relations as individuals, society itself becomes stable.