艾滋病死亡人数超过世界大战


艾滋病死亡人数超过世界大战

 
http://www.cnnb.com.cn  中国宁波网   02月01日 10:10
 
 

  25年过去了,艾滋病已在全球夺命2500万,死亡人数超过第一次世界大战,目前艾滋病病毒感染者尚有3300万人。但是,人类仍然在积极对抗这种免疫系统疾病,没有丧失战胜它的希望。

  法美科学家首先发现

  艾滋病最早是于上世纪80年代初期在美国被识别的,早期的病人都是年轻的男同性恋者,因此艾滋病一度被英国的小报称为“同性恋瘟疫”。

  在法国巴斯德研究所专门研究逆转录病毒与癌症关系的法国病毒学家路克·蒙塔尼埃及其研究小组于1983年首次从一位罹患卡波西氏肉瘤的年轻男同性恋艾滋病人的血液及淋巴结样品中,分离到一种新的逆转录病毒,他们将之命名为“免疫缺陷相关病毒”。1983年5月20日,蒙塔尼埃领导的研究小组在美国权威科学月刊《科学》上发表论文,描述了这种可疑病毒。

  蒙塔尼埃当时的合作者、美国国家癌症研究所的生物医学家罗伯特·加罗也从一些细胞株系中分离到新病毒,并将之命名为“IIIB/H9型人类T细胞白血病病毒”。加罗小组首次于1984年4月在《科学》期刊发表论文,论证了这种新病毒与艾滋病的病原关系。1986年,该病毒的名称被统一为“人类免疫缺陷病毒”(Human Immunodeficiency Virus),即HIV病毒。

  艾滋病病毒被发现后,人们以为就像抗生素和牛痘疫苗的发明一样,人类可以很快找到对付这种病毒的有效药物,从而阻止它的蔓延。

  然而,四分之一个世纪过去了,人类仍然没有看到完全战胜艾滋病病魔的希望。

  1984年,全世界报告的艾滋病患者不足3000人。如今,艾滋病已经导致2500万人死亡,另有3300万人受感染,因为艾滋病,超过1100万名儿童至少失去了双亲中的一位。

  非洲是受艾滋病威胁最严重的地区。占全世界人口近10%的非洲,艾滋病患者和病毒携带者人数却占全球的70%以上。

  所需资金将达目前四倍

  上世纪90年代中期,“鸡尾酒疗法”的出现令艾滋病从一种判了死刑的疾病变成可以控制的疾病。

  然而,直到今天,科学家还没有研制出艾滋病疫苗,而医学界在研制杀菌剂方面的努力同样遭到挫败,因为HIV病毒堪称人类迄今为止所遇到的最狡猾的病原体,它经常发生变异。

  进入21世纪,人类对付HIV病毒的主要手段还是19世纪发明的橡胶避孕套。

  有研究者指出,在艾滋病研究领域,过去25年内,科学家走了许多弯路。

  联合国千年发展目标和G8都致力于实现对抗艾滋病的政治承诺。每年,“全球基金会”都将几百亿美元倾注到艾滋病的预防和抗艾滋病药物的研发中。

  但是,有专家估计,要达到2010年前让全球艾滋病患者都能接受护理和治疗的目标,需要的资金将是目前的四倍,将达到每年420亿美元。

  国际艾滋病协会的创立者、瑞典微生物学家拉斯·卡灵斯对未来并不乐观:“HIV病毒和艾滋病或许永远不会在人类中消失。”

AIDS death toll of more than World War II
 
Ningbo, China http://www.cnnb.com.cn net at 10:10 on February 1
 
 
25 years later, AIDS has been deadly in the world's 25 million, the death toll is more than the First World War, the current HIV-infected persons are still 33 million people. However, the human remains in an active immune system to combat the disease, did not lose the hope of defeating it.

France and the United States scientists first discovered

AIDS was first in the early'80s of the last century has been identified in the United States, the early patients are young male homosexuals, AIDS, therefore the British tabloids were once known as the "gay plague."

Pasteur Institute in France, specializes in the relationship between retroviruses and cancer of the French virologist克蒙塔尼埃Road and its research team in 1983, the first time from Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer of young gay people with AIDS blood and lymph node samples, isolated from a new retrovirus, they will be named as the "immune deficiency-associated virus." May 20, 1983,蒙塔尼埃research team led in the United States the authority of the scientific magazine "Science" published a paper describing this suspicious virus.

蒙塔尼埃collaborators at the time, the U.S. National Cancer Institute of Biological Medical Robert Le also from a number of cell lines to the new virus was isolated and named the "IIIB/H9 type of human T-cell leukemia virus . " Le group the first time in April 1984 in "Science" journal papers, proof of this new virus and the relationship between AIDS pathogen. In 1986, the name of the virus have been unified as "human immunodeficiency virus" (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), namely HIV virus.

HIV was discovered, people thought that just like antibiotics and smallpox vaccine, like the invention of mankind can be quickly found to deal with an effective drug for the virus, thereby preventing its spread.

However, a quarter of a century has passed, mankind still do not see the fight against AIDS disease completely hope.

In 1984, the world's AIDS patients reported less than 3,000 people. Today, AIDS has led to 25 million people were killed and another 33 million people were infected because of AIDS, more than 11 million children have lost at least one parent.

Africa is affected by AIDS, the most serious threat to the region. The world's population accounts for nearly 10% of Africa, AIDS patients and the number of virus carriers accounted for more than 70% of the world.

The funds needed to reach four times the current

The last century, the mid-90s, "cocktail therapy" the emergence of the AIDS death from a disease into a disease can be controlled.

However, even today, scientists have not developed AIDS vaccine, and the medical profession in the development of microbicides efforts were thwarted the same as the HIV virus can be called human beings so far encountered by the most cunning of pathogens, which often mutate.

The 21st century, human beings to deal with the main means of HIV virus or a 19th century invention of the rubber condom.

Researchers pointed out that in the field of AIDS research, in the past 25 years, scientists take a lot of detours.

United Nations Millennium Development Goals and the G8 are committed to the achievement of political commitment to combat AIDS. Every year, the "Global Foundation," tens of billions of dollars will be devoted to AIDS prevention and anti-AIDS drugs in research and development.

However, experts estimate that to achieve by 2010 so that the global AIDS care and treatment acceptable goal, the funds required will be four times the current, it will reach 42 billion U.S. dollars annually.

International AIDS Society's founder, Sweden microbiologist Ling Raska Adams is not optimistic about the future: "HIV virus and AIDS in humans may never disappear."